...Nelson Mandela en la realización de la igualdad racial y la libertad en Sudáfrica Introducción La figura emblemática de Nelson Mandela se coloca hoy como un símbolo perpetuo de la perseverancia en la larga batalla para desmantelar el apartheid. Fue una batalla para la que estaba "dispuesto a morir por " una lucha no sólo contra la dominación blanca , sino también la dominación negro . Sin embargo, como la época del apartheid llegó a su fin , la cruzada de Mandela para una "nación arco iris " democrático miró con desesperación inalcanzable como Sudáfrica se acercó peligrosamente a descender en el caos total . Sin embargo , Mandela , mucho tiempo activista anti- apartheid y líder en el Congreso Nacional Africano (ANC ) , continuó la lucha por su sueño de una nación multicultural. Algunos han expresado la opinión de que, aunque el Congreso Nacional Africano , fue sin duda un papel decisivo en la revolución pacífica y democrática el fin del apartheid , el propio Mandela era más que una figura decorativa para el ANC en su 1994 victoria electoral y en realidad era la de muchos otros líderes ejecutivos de alto nivel que guiaron la ANC a la victoria. Más importante es la creencia de que la destrucción del sistema de apartheid obsoleta e inhumana fue hace mucho tiempo . Mandela , como líder de la ANC , simplemente el beneficiario de este cambio masivo en la actitud que finalmente resultó en la elección del ANC en 1994 Aunque Mandela , sin duda, tuvo un fuerte complemento de...
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...analysis of apartheid on womens lives in s.a Strategists in the National Party invented apartheid as a means to cement their control over the economic and social system. Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation. Starting in the 60's, a plan of ``Grand Apartheid'' was executed, emphasizing territorial separation and police repression. With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized. Race laws touched every aspect of social life, including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites, and the sanctioning of ``white-only'' jobs. In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South Africans be racially classified into one of three categories: white, black (African), or colored (of mixed decent). The coloured category included major subgroups of Indians and Asians. Classification into these categories was based on appearance, social acceptance, and descent. THE EFFECT OF APARTHEID ON WOMEN IN RURAL AREAS African women in South Africa, being both black and female, suffered a triple oppression. As Africans—which for the most part defines their class position—they had to contend with the restrictive and repressive apartheid legislation, which ensures alien control over all facets of their lives. In addition, as women, they had to contend with the fact that they are regarded as dependants and as inferior to men; as such, they are even further discriminated against...
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...de Johannesburgo. Posteriormente se unió al Congreso Nacional Africano (CNA), organización que se oponía a la discriminación y la explotación excesiva de los sudafricanos negros mediante campañas pacíficas. En 1943, fundó la Liga Juvenil y organizó movilizaciones de protesta contra el sistema de segregación racial: el apartheid. El gobierno de los blancos reprimía violentamente a los manifestantes, por lo que en 1961 Mandela fundó una organización llamada “Lanza de la Nación” (Umkhonto we Sizwe) la que luchaba de una forma armada por los ideales de no discriminación e igualdad para todos los ciudadanos. Debido a esto es capturado al siguiente año, sometido a juicio y considerado culpable. Pasó 27 años preso en la isla Robben, frente a Ciudad del Cabo. En los siguientes años sus colaboradores y seguidores continuaron luchando contra el apartheid dentro y fuera de Sudáfrica, por lo que varios gobiernos del mundo empezaron a exigir la libertad de Mandela y la abolición de la segregación racial. Recién en 1990 el presidente Frederik de Klerk finalmente liberó a Nelson Mandela. En los siguientes meses ambos líderes negociaron la eliminación del apartheid, la que quedó derogada oficialmente en 1991. Fueron galardonados con el Premio Nobel de la Paz en 1993. En 1994, Mandela fue elegido presidente de Sudáfrica y gobernó hasta 1999. En este periodo se esforzó por reconciliar a los sudafricanos y contribuyó en el cese de varias guerras del continente. Invictus Tal como...
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...Part A My Video Title | | SourceUnderline as appropriate | http://www.englishcentral.com/video/10084/introductions-meet-the-boss | Part 1(~ 50 words) | This is a video about Obama speech, every word of his speech was so powerful and in this half and a minutes long speech, he brightly pointed out what the follow speech is all about and also made the good atmosphere that everyone draw attention to that speech. | Part 2 & 3(~ 100 words) | Some one said that Obama’s speech is like a symphony. His speeches are so powerful because it has a shape, it has forms. During his speech he used the technique like Fast/slow, loud/quite, all of which may be separated by a short pause or silence. He has different movements and forms, also it has a harmonious whole. His powerful symphony and well crafted and delivered speech, in his ways, move the listener. Audience pay all their attention to Obama. I learnt a lot as I was lack of symphony preformence. | Do either Part B OR Part C to complete your reflection record for this module. Submit only one part. Part B My Activity Language ActivityUnderline as appropriate | CILL activity Others pls specify | Title | Movie watching – The Ring | Part 1(~ 50 words) | It is a horror film that produce from America , adapt from a famous horror film from Japan-----Ringu. Its about a girl who become a ghost and the story behind it. All that history is discover by the Main character. | Part 2 & 3 (~ 100 words) | At first,...
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...1:30-3:00pm Phone: 480-965-5095 (HDSHC main office) and by appointment WELCOME TO COM 225! The purpose of this course is to enable you to better understand theories and practices of public speaking. This course is designed to improve not only your delivery techniques but also your speech-writing and persuasion abilities. Additionally, this course is arranged to develop the skills necessary for you to critically evaluate both written and spoken speeches of others and to enter the public dialogue on issues that are important to you and your life. I am confident there is much to gain from the study of public speaking. The skills developed by engaging in this course work have practical applications in each of your lives. Although your participation may take place in various forms and environments, each of you will inevitably face the task of delivering, constructing, or consuming speeches. Developing your public speaking skills will prepare you for school or work presentations, job interviews, political campaigns, community meetings, and many other situations as well. BENEFITS OF THIS COURSE The objectives of this course are to: • Improve your speech delivery • Understand the ability to create effective speeches • Improve your listening skills • Improve your ability to think critically on a variety of subjects and genres • Improve your research skills • Develop skills to analyze your own and other’s speeches ...
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...Overcoming Obstacle One of the most challenging obstacles I have had to overcome was learning a second language. To be successful I established two specific few goals to help guide me in the right direction. First, and I feel the most important goal, was to speak the language at all times. The second goal I made was to read the language whenever possible. Speaking the language was the most important goal to me because the act of speaking words helped ingrain those words and their definitions into memory. I always carried a dictionary/translator with me so I could look up words I did not know. In the beginning, not having a proper core knowledge of the language made this goal extremely difficult. As time progressed, however, I realized that it was becoming easier and easier to not only speak, but I required less time to think of what I was trying to say. Reading the language was another important goal to help me learn a second language. Reading the language was very helpful for increasing my vocabulary. I would always read out loud while working on this goal, which in turn also helped me achieve the first goal, as well. As I did with speaking the language, I kept a dictionary close by as to look up the words I did not know. Again as time went on, I noticed that the frequency of having to look up words began to decrease. Having to learn a second language is a difficult task to accomplish. The setting of goals was crucial to the success of my accomplishment...
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...Journal #1 My speech wasn’t as bad as I thought it was going to be, but it could have been better if I put more time into getting more information from my partner. The body paragraphs needed to give more information and go into more detail. Although it wasn’t that bad of a speech giving the thought that we met up for about thirty minutes. Back in high school when someone was giving a speech, we, the audience always tried to make them laugh, or simply just didn’t pay attention to the speaker and did something else. Now the audience was paying attention and being respectful which calmed me down when giving my speech. As the speaker I needed to be more enthusiastic while giving my speech, because how is the audience going to be interested if I don’t even seem interested. I noticed very few people glancing at their phones or just with a blank look in their face; this made me relax a little more for some reason. Even though I could have had more information and gone more into detail, my speech did flow from the thesis statement to my conclusion paragraph. I was getting more nervous as the names kept getting closer to mine, once my partner Aldo, brought me up when he gave his speech, which calmed my nervousness down a bit because it wasn’t that bad being in front of the class and having everyone’s eyes looking at you. Once my turn came to speak, I took deep breaths as I made my way to the front of the classroom, and once there I paused, and took one last deep breath, and then...
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...As the globalization process accelerating, it is critical to learn a foreign language. Therefore, we can communicate with foreigners with few language barriers. At the sometime, how to learning is a frequent topic of discussion languages. Some argue that understanding the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it is benefit to learn a language. Personally, I agree with this opinion. A language is not only including vocabulary and grammar; also the cultures and lifestyle are mutually exclusive. In the first place, without understanding the cultures, we might use the language in some wrong cases. For example, it is wired when you staring talking with climate in English speaking countries, however it is a normal beginning in China. In the second place, lifestyle is a key factor to learning a language, especially in writing essays. In western area, essays always begin the writer’s views. In contrast, in our country, we prefer to render our opinions at the end of the essays. In the third place, learning about the country has the inherent advantage of learning language. More specifically, some special words restrict to some countries. If you never been there, you would not understand such words accurately. Admittedly, there would be some drawbacks if you learn a language in this way. To begin with, it is time-consuming. Generally, understanding a language’s background cost more time than only learning grammar and vocabulary. In addition, it is also...
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...interrupt. • Don’t talk to only one person when conversing in a group. • Don’t engage in “one-upping. • Don’t overshare. Things Not to Say • “Am I boring you?” • “Huh?” “What?” “Say What?” “Eh?” • “Actually, you should say ‘between you and me,” not ‘between you and I.’” • “Stop me if I’ve told you this story before…” The Number One Rule of Conversation: Be Natural Source: http://artofmanliness.com/2010/09/24/the-art-of-conversation/ Public Speaking Public Speaking • Definition • Speaking Opportunities • Similarities between PS and Conversation • Differences between PS and Conversation • Speech Communication Process • Factors to be Considered During Speaking Public Speaking • Public speaking is the process of speaking to a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners. • It is closely allied to "presenting", although the latter has more of a commercial advertisement connotation. Speaking Opportunities • At work • Selling your ideas • Technical...
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...Abubakr Mohamed 1. What I most liked about my speech was the first three and a half minutes because I started out my speech with confidence and strong voice that carries throughout the room. I also followed my outline and stick to it which made my purpose clear and showed the importance of the topic to the audience. Moreover my eye contacts was on entire audience , my posture was good , legs did not cross, no leaning on podium, and my hands movement was minimal and did not move too much which is the case when I usually talk to people. I think I also was able to show the importance of my topic to audience by getting their attention. I avoided making my speech to technical so it will be easy for those who are not familiar with the topic to understand. 2. After the three and a half minutes I started to rely heavily on my outline instead of eye contact and that the main point I need to work on. Also, I had multiple problems with stumbling over my words and using fill in words instead of speaking clearly and using very descriptive words. Furthermore, I saw that I tended to sway a lot, and that is something I will consciously try to fix during my next speech. In term of content, my outline needed more information and examples that will encourage the audience to ask questions after the speech and that will reflect their interest in my speech. For delivery , I was very nervous and I stumbled over my words and I had to pause longer than I should to recall my points ...
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...Figurative Language versus Literal Language Professor Veronica S Critical Thinking – PHI 210 January 22, 2013 Figurative Language versus Literal Language Figurative language is writing or speaking where ‘figures of speech’ such as metaphors and similes freely occur (Oxford Reference, 2003) where as literal language is opposed to figurative it suggests the influence of the letter as a measure of strictness and rightness: the literal truth is seen as being true in a basic and absolute way. If something is done literally, a person follows instructions ‘to the letter’, without flexibility or imagination (Oxford Reference, 2003). In this paper several figurative language expressions will be defined and discussed by providing examples for each term, appropriate circumstances for using the expressions and when it might lead to misunderstanding. An idiom is an expression established in the usage of a language that is peculiar to itself either in grammatical construction (as no, it wasn’t me) or in having a meaning that cannot be derived as a whole from the conjoined meanings of its elements (as Monday week for “the Monday a week after next Monday”; many a for “many taken distributively”; had better for “might better”; how are you? for “what is the state of your health or feelings?”) (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, 2002) Also an idiom doesn’t mean what its individual words mean. In Italian, “In the mouth of the wolf” is an idiom, it means “Good luck”, and “kick the bucket”...
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...Language is a living organism which should be spoken or written in order to survive. Language is passed from one generation to another as parents pass their language on to their children and so on, so the language continues to live. Languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are healthy languages. They exist in oral and written forms and are used by hundreds of millions of people around the world. But most of the approximately seven thousand languages are not as healthy. They are used by very few people as children do not learn from their parents. As a result, these languages are in danger of disappearing. When, however a language is dying? A language dies when the last person to speak it, dies. This happens in many parts of the world. There are dozens of languages that have only one speaker. According to Professor Harrison “The key to revitalizing a language is by motivating a new generation of speakers”. In my opinion this statement is absolutely truth as languages are staying alive only if they are spoken rather than written. It is important to note that there are many languages that do not have a written form but they have been surviving for many thousands of years orally. Consequently it is really important to prevent these languages from disappearing because its language represents the culture and the tradition of a nation as well as the knowledge of the people speaking the language. In conclusion, I think that teaching the new generation these languages...
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...In the climax of the movie Any Given Sunday, Coach Tony D’Amato (portrayed by Al Pacino) gives a riveting speech right before his team takes the field for their biggest football game of the year. The coach delivers the speech to his players as they all watch on one knee, eager to take the field. We, the television audience, watch from a distance, through cameras that pan around the room and give us the feeling of being part of the team as well. We also get the added effect of music that speeds up and slows down as the pace of the speech alters. The different shots of players and their reactions to the speech also help to subconsciously alter the way we feel. If we see a player with his head down in tears, we will feel pity. However, the use of different cameras to show the rising confidence throughout the locker room gets us, the audience, on board with the coaches message and we sometimes are even ready to take the field with the team. These effects dramatically enhance the impact the speech has on us viewers, and is an added dimension that cannot be created through live speaking. Coach D’Amato’s physical appearance parallels his message even before he starts to speak. His messy hair and open shirt with glasses hanging down portray a sense of tenacity and an obvious chip on the coach’s shoulder. He grasps his coaching papers in his hands, shuffling them, pacing around the room. His mannerisms show anxiety, nervousness; he is truly speaking unscripted and from the...
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...Self-rating I always deal with problems derived from either customer or colleague. Even I think I am dealing with the problems, I realise that I did not dealt with the thing correctly and if I do, why is the problem there? So, in recognizing problems, I will try to remember where a thing I did wrongly started to emerge. When I get the root of the problem, I will try to use different kind of alternative solution for the problem that might occur in the future rather than the same solution I use that is causing me problem. Also, I will consult those who have bigger experience in dealing with that same field of problem and ask them the tips and method to tackle the problem. That is how I will improve my problem in recognizing and defining problems. Talking about using my verbal skills, I noticed that I managed to deliver my intended message clearly and precisely to my target receiver as the objective are to give maximum understanding to the listener. My orders, requests or speeches are short, quick and precise. The problem is that sometimes, I forgot to observe the norms and ethics in speaking and so I abandoned the value and relationship between parties when dealing. To overcome that, I will need to slow down and think precisely about the pros and cons of what I am speaking and try to get used to it. I will also think as if I am in their shoes as the receiving parties. “Practise makes perfect”. This quote will motivate me that, by slowing down and think about the possible...
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...BIG SPLASH by Celeste de Clario Davis In the 2015 “bigsplash” Australian volunteer presentation Stephanie Bennett introduces the event as the Chief Executive Officer, saying the award “offers a $100,000 donation to further the aims of Australian volunteer organisations in any field” and announces the winner, being ‘tradespeople without borders’. Mathew Nguyen being the spokesperson of this organisation accepts the award with a improvised speech. Bennett’s contention is that Australian volunteers are “heroes” yet don’t receive the level of acknowledgment and appreciation that they deserve. Ngueyen fundamentally agrees with Bennetts philosophy, but also clarifies that he has a different perspective about the way volunteers are viewed in the community and executes his speech with gratitude towards the kindness he receives from communities. Both speakers are being viewed two audiences, the audience attending the event and those who are viewing it on television. Both Bennet and Ngueyen use a sympathising tone, of which, emotionally appeals to their audiences. Although both speakers use this appeal differently they both give off a inclusive quality. For Bennet this is seen when she uses phrases such as “we take it for granted”. This method of speaking reinforces the value of the volunteers work efforts while simultaneously encouraging the audience to collectively. Contrarily Nguyen states that “those of us who have been lucky enough to live in comfort.../shouldn’t ask for...
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