...The Ethics of Just War Applied Ethics Choose one of the applied ethics topics from the list below. Provide a brief description of your topic and the thesis you chose in the opening paragraph of your paper. This topic should be the thesis that you worked on in Week One and refined in Week Three. Remember that your first paragraph must contain a clear thesis statement as in the assignments from Weeks One and Three. In the body of your paper, examine the issue by discussing how three of the ethical theories presented in this course could be used to answer the particular question you have formulated. Use the core principles of each of these theories to support your discussion. Complete your paper by identifying which ethical theory you think provides the most satisfactory moral answer to your question, or the theory that provides the least satisfactory answer to your question. You should create a list of strengths and weaknesses for each of the theories as applied to your question to assist you with this task. However, you should not merely present the strengths and weaknesses of each theory but must argue that one theory is better or worse than the others in this case. Remember that each paragraph in your body must begin with a topic sentence that clearly identifies the main idea of the paragraph. Your paper should be 1500 to 2000 words (not including the words on the title and reference pages) in length. This means that you should devote approximately 300 words to each of the...
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...Code of Ethics Paper Ethical dilemmas in medicine are nothing new. They have been recognized and discussed in Western medicine since a small group of doctors. The Hippocrates was invented around the fourth century. New graduated doctors are to uphold this code of practice till today. In earlier times when doctors had only limited abilities to change the course of disease today can they intervene in ways that most fundamental processes of life and death. Ethical dilemmas in medicine are no longer considered the sole region of professionals. Professional code of ethics offers some guidance, but they are usually unclear and uncertain about what to do in specific situations. These codes assume that whatever decision is to be made is up to the professional not the patient. Today patients, families, and clergy want to become involved in ethical decisions. In large societal decisions such as how science medical resources, including high technology machinery, newborn intensive care units, and the expertise of doctors. While the doctors and patient relationships and individual cases are still prominent in bioethics. Bioethics began in 1950’ s as an intellectual movement among a small of doctors who started to examine the questions raised by the new medical technologies that were starting to emerge as the result of heavy costs of public funds in medical research after the war. That was joined by a number of scientists who has become disillusioned with what they saw....
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...“key ingredients” in a paper in order to capture readers’ attention and achieve writers’ purposes. When I was in Human Resource Organization Behaviors 101 class, professor Thomas Shirley assigned an ethics case for each group. I joined a group of five people and we got together for several group meetings. Finally, I was assigned to compose the “Ethical Analysis” section. Toward to the paper deadline, we produced the paper called “Starbucks: Friend or Foe.” The purpose of the assignment was to argue that whether the company’s decision was ethical when Starbucks fired employees for supporting unions and applied the four-component model of ethical decision making to this case. Discourse community is an essential factor when composing a paper. According to “Students Writing Handbook”, discourse community is a unique communication tool which people use to communicate with their readers within their fields (30). Since the paper was written for a required upper division major core course, the discourse community is all business majors. The genre was a general business paper with three sections: case summary, ethical analysis, and recommendations. We are college students are trained to become more professional in our careers. As a result, my group paper’s intended audiences were only Professor Thomas Shirley and classmates. My purpose of the paper was to convince my readers that Starbucks company was unethical when it fired employees for supporting unions and applied four-component model...
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...120:Introduction to Ethics and Social ResposablityJohn MeeksShawna BandmannMay, 24,2013 | | Ethics is best described as the difference between what is morally right and what is not right. Ethical theory defines what is perceived to be right and what is wrong, while ethical practice suggest that one’s environment and cultural beliefs determine who one will react in any given situation. The question how do we as a society decide what is morally right or wrong in moral “free choice” (Mosser, 2010)? Morals are unique to each person, culture, religious belief and environment. Ethical practice is defined by the diversity within each society, where no to people are alike. Morals don’t define ethics, ethics define morality. Abortion an age old ethical debate between moral right choice and wrong choice, why? To evaluate abortion with ethics, we must first understand the argument from all perspectives. What is the debate reason abortion is so fiercely argued in past and present generations? Abortion is the term to define the choice to terminate a woman’s pregnancy. Unitarian view, which is the view that relativist challenge. Utilitarian view suggest that abortion is not wrong because its selfish and benefits the mother not the unborn fetus, this is what Unitarians refer to as :ethical egoism”(Mosser,2010). Relativist view is just a little less judgmental, suggesting that some situations may be determined morally correct while others simply remain wrong. In this paper neither the argument that neither...
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...everything since some of this stuff I never heard of or if I heard about them it was in another language. First I am going to start off my paper with telling the back ground behind Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, No. 08-205, 558 U.S. 310 (2010), is a U.S. constitutional law case dealing with the regulation of campaign spending by organizations. The United States Supreme Court held that the First Amendment prohibited the government from restricting independent political expenditures by a nonprofit corporation. The principles articulated by the Supreme Court in the case have also been extended to for-profit corporations, labor unions and other associations. In the case, the conservative lobbying group Citizens United wanted to air a film critical of Hillary Clinton and to advertise the film during television broadcasts in apparent violation of the 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (commonly known as the McCain–Feingold Act or "BCRA"). Section 203 of BCRA defined an "electioneering communication" as a broadcast, cable, or satellite communication that mentioned a candidate within 60 days of a general election or 30 days of a primary, and prohibited such expenditures by corporations and unions. The United States District Court for the District of Columbia held that §203 of BCRA applied and prohibited Citizens United from advertising the film Hillary: The Movie in broadcasts or paying to have it shown on television within...
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...The Anthropocene is a proposed name to define our current geologic epoch – a new era where humans exert influence over the Earth’s natural systems. There is plentiful evidence that this name change is long overdue; however, rather than debating amongst the many researchers and scientists for a point of origin, environmental ethics scholar Christopher J. Preston in “Framing an Ethics of Climate Management for the Anthropocene” considers the complexity of climate change, and through the use of logos is able to argue his theory of “the climate imperative.” In order to facilitate the use of logos, Preston repeatedly begins sentences with direct statements, such as “The release of the Intergovernmental Panel” (359), which sets a tone for the paper....
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...Jennifer Rocha Instructor M. Whitfield Business Ethics -MGMT 368D Paper 2 - Deontological February 7, 2015 THE ETHICS OF DIRECT TO CONSUMER MARKETING OF PRESCREPTION DRUGS FROM A DEONTOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to explore the ethics of direct to consumer marketing of prescription drugs from a deontological perspective shaped by Kant’s Categorical Imperative testing method. In researching this issue one thing that I found as interesting fact is that of the some 200 countries in the world, only the United Sates and New Zealand allow direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising (DTCPA) (DeGeorge 320) . Clearly worldwide there is an ethical issue with allowing consumers to become aware of medications based on advertising on TV or in magazines, newspapers and billboards. I too, feel that there are ethical issues, using Kant’s Categorical Imperative we will evaluate the morality of such advertising and its consequences. I read an article by ABC contributor Larry Woodard, it grabbed my attention in the first few sentences “I sat in my doctor's office a couple of weeks ago waiting for my annual physical. I soon grew tired of all the science and car magazines and started looking around. As in most doctors' offices, most things had pharmaceutical company logos on them: The clock, the Kleenex dispenser, the calendar. But what gave birth to this column was the doctor himself. He walked out of one of the examination rooms, clipboard in hand, talking to...
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...control or significantly influence others” (Brusseau, 2012). Consistently, there could be many cases that people would be stopped, even if not committing any infractions, just so these traffic cops could maybe extra money. Therein, the whole idea of fairness, where citizens pay taxes directly to cops, becomes an extortion. This question and answers paper below should helps us analyze all the ethics involving these briberies, so called Mordidas in Mexico City. What is cultural relativism, and how does the vision of ethics associated with it diverge from the traditional ethical theories? Answer: Cultural Relativism is the idea that “values and morality are culture specific” (Brusseau, 2012). Therefore, taking the case study Mordidas as an example, it is common for traffic cops to receive money from driving...
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...the design argument for the existence of God? (10 marks) (b) Identify the strengths of this argument. To what extent are these strengths more convincing than its weaknesses? (10 marks) 2. (a) Describe the main strengths and weaknesses of the cosmological argument for the existence of God. (14 marks) (b) To what extent do the weaknesses of this argument limit its effectiveness? (6 marks) 3. (a) Examine the characteristics of BOTH a religious and a scientific interpretation of the origins of the universe. (14 marks) (b) Comment on the view that the differences between these interpretations rule out any major disagreement between them. (6 marks) 4. (a) What do religious believers mean by the ‘problem of suffering’? (5 marks) (b) Select any TWO theodicies and consider how far they offer solutions to this problem. (15 marks) 5. (a) Examine TWO philosophical reasons for belief in miracles. (6 marks) (b) Outline at least TWO problems with belief in miracles. (8 marks) (c) Consider the claim that there are no acceptable solutions to these problems. (6 marks) 2002 1. (a) Outline the design argument for the existence of God. (7 marks) (b) ‘The design argument fails because of its weaknesses.’ Examine and comment on this claim. (13 marks) 2. (a) What are the key ideas of the cosmological argument for the existence...
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...Logic Main article: Logic Logic is the study of the principles of correct reasoning. Arguments use either deductive reasoning or inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is when, given certain statements (called premises), other statements (called conclusions) are unavoidably implied. Rules of inferences from premises include the most popular method, modus ponens, where given “A” and “If A then B”, then “B” must be concluded. A common convention for a deductive argument is the syllogism. An argument is termed valid if its conclusion does indeed follow from its premises, whether the premises are true or not, while an argument is sound if its conclusion follows from premises that are true. Propositional logic uses premises that are propositions, which are declarations that are either true or false, while predicate logic uses more complex premises called formulae that contain variables. These can be assigned values or can be quantified as to when they apply with the universal quantifier (always apply) or the existential quantifier (applies at least once). Inductive reasoning makes conclusions or generalizations based on probabilistic reasoning. For example, if “90% of humans are right-handed” and “Joe is human” then “Joe is probably right-handed”. Fields in logic include mathematical logic (formal symbolic logic) and philosophical logic. Metaphysics Main article: Metaphysics Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality, such as existence, time, the relationship...
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...An Annotated Bibliography For A Research Paper On How To Ensure Equity In Commercial Exploitation Of Outer Space Resources Reference: Lee, R. J. (2012). Law and regulation of commercial mining of minerals in outer space. New York; Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. Lee’s book discusses various aspects of exploitation of outer space mineral resources. Different from other authors, Lee focused his discussion on commercial exploitation and proposed a comprehensive legal framework to regulate such activities in order to benefit the mankind. His book targets a wide range of readers so there is a lot of background information about technological and policy development. Lee himself is also professional lawyer who is specialized in space law, so his book s a reliable source of information. I am able to use this work as a good reference book to discuss how ethical theories such as deontology can be applied to commercial exploitation of outer space resources. Livingston, D. (2003). A code of ethics for conducting business in outer space. Space Policy, 19(2), 93-94. Livingston’s article presents a list of code of ethics for commercial operations in outer space and serves as an independent guideline for companies that want to venture into space. His guideline provides me with a good tool to evaluate different approaches that I want to propose in my paper using ethical theories. I believe the ethical consideration is the most important factor to ensure equity of commercial...
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...Name: Email: Telephone Number: Class: Date: NUSSBAUM’S CAPABILITY THEORIES FOR TREATING NONHUMAN ANIMALS ETHICALLY APPLIED TO CARL SAFINA’S DISCUSSION ON VARIOUS NONHUMAN ANIMALS In this paper, I intend to explain Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities theory for treating nonhuman animals ethically, then apply this theory to Carl Safina’s discussion of various nonhuman animals in his book Beyond Words, How Animals Think and Feel. Martha Nussbaum is an American Philosopher, who focused on philosophy in the field of moral theories. She is a distinguished Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago. Her interests include the ancient Greek, ethics, political philosophy, Roman philosophy, feminism and animal rights. Her works include various books either as an author or an editor. Carl Safina is a philosopher who explored the inner feelings of the animals in his book Beyond Words. This paper will apply Nussbaum's philosophy to the Carl Safina's discussion that demonstrates that animals have feelings, and describes their cognitive nature. Thus, they are aware of the mistreatment, only that they are powerless to resist the abuses. He elaborates the communication abilities of the elephants, whales, and other animals. We, human beings consider ourselves superior to the others, but by various measures, we are the most “frequently irrational, distortional, delusional, worried.” Many people who oppose the harsh treatment of animals cite Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities theory. His...
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...Privacy ‘The Limits of Privacy’ and ‘The Case for privacy’ are written by Amitai Etzioni and David D. Friedman respectively. Both of them have opposite views about privacy, which Etzioni states that less privacy is good for us and Friedman claims that more privacy makes the world a better place. In this paper, I will argue that Etzioni’s argument fails because privacy is really important for us to protect ourselves. I am going to explain in detail based on three different points in the next three paragraphs. First, in ‘The Limits of Privacy’, Etzioni argues that privacy is not important as many other goods. Based on his argument, he claims that “there are numerous values that trump or take precedence over privacy” (p.254) such as safety. However, I totally disagree his standpoint. Although safety also considers as a part of importance, it does not mean that safety can take priority over privacy consideration. Privacy does have significance effect for us to protect ourselves. Some people may think that it is worth to sacrifice their individual privacy in order to get freedom for safety. Once you give up your own privacy and allow anyone like governments to access to your information freely, your information is disclosed and you cannot get them back anymore. For example, after 9/11 attack in the United States, a lot of new measures about surveillance are introduced. The government can have authorities to wiretap, record or trace orders for email made by all Americans. These...
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... Encompassing multiple moral paradigms: a challenge for nursing educators. Nursing Ethics 17(2), 189-199. Retrieved August3, 2010, from Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition Database. Aim: As society becomes increasingly globalised, it is imperative to include international educational perspectives in the nursing profession (Robinson, Sportsman, Eschiti, Bradshaw and Bol, (2006). Caldwell, Lu & Harding (2010) argue that the quality of nursing care necessitates nurses to reflect on nursing ethics in relation to their individual principled way of life. Cadwell, Lu & Harding (2010) paper explores these ideas. Summary: The fundamental nature of professional development implies personal development (Glen, 2005). ‘Encompassing multiple moral paradigms: a challenge for nursing educators’, is an in-depth analysis of nursing ethical dilemmas; the efforts that are undertaken to implement professional development through reflection, self-monitoring and self-control; and the challenges for nurse educators to integrate the syllabus into real-life clinical practice situations. Caldwell, Lu & Harding (2010) study analyses nursing ethics, Chinese ethical philosophies, and Judeo/Christian traditions as they endeavour to demonstrate the real-life issues of morally conflicting situations in nursing practice within these groups and the possible legal consequences. Relevant to topic yes/no? This paper clearly outlines ethico-legal nursing dilemmas in nursing practice, and the difficulties...
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...propounded. Many people hold the view that we are responsible for looking after the world’s population by treating everyone the same and by providing equal treatment to everyone, regardless of the fact that individual situations may not allow for such actions. Unfortunately although this viewpoint is seen to hold ethical significance, it is simply not a reality that translates to a possibility. This paper argues in support of the ethical viewpoint, that treating people equally is not the most important moral principle in resolving issues of poverty, by employing fundamental arguments and supporting frameworks to contribute to this conclusion. Ethical grounds for my arguments shall be explored, such as theories propounded by Aristotle, Bentham, Stuart Mill and Kant, in order to support the framework and provide supporting claims. Education and the opportunities that learning environments provide, are fundamental to the measurable successes and accomplishments within our modern day society. However, the great disparity in education standards across the globe are grounds to base an argument on the fact that subsequently treating people equally regardless of access or the ability to achieve certain levels of education, is not equitable and reasonable. Unfortunately it has been estimated that approximately 72 million children who were of a primary school age, were not enrolled or attending school in 2005, with about 57% of them being females (Shah, 2013). It is widely known that more...
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