...Theories providing a comprehensive and complimentary approach to careers counsellors advising clients. The three theories I have chosen are Holland’s, ‘Theory of Types’, Supers ‘Life Span Theory ‘and Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory. These three theories when used in conjunction with each other appear to provide the most comprehensive and complimentary approach for careers counsellors when advising clients. Holland’s Theory of Types is based on the assumption that personality types are reflected in an Individuals choice of employment. Individuals have a natural inclination to gravitate towards like- minded people, who in turn reinforce their ideas and view of the world, and who see things from the same perspective. In the work environment this allows an Individual to play to his strengths and play down his weaknesses. This sense of belonging and acceptance of attitudes, values and aptitudes allows an Individual to feel comfortable, whether that is at home, socially or in the workplace. The degree of fit with the environment in which an Individual finds himself and his view of it, Holland terms congruence i.e. compatibility. Holland uses personality traits to identify an Individuals predisposition towards certain roles. Theory suggests socially adept people will naturally find it easier to work in face to face occupations where contact with the public is a necessity, while realist types who enjoy practical applications in their employment role may be happier behind...
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...Applying Theory Lisa Hawkins Walden University Applying Theory As a mental health counselor it is important to understand more than just mental health issues. Clients seek assistance for more than symptoms of bipolar. There are clients who might need a little guidance. Career selection and guidance is an example. There are a number of theories to assist a counselor and the clients. Setting and Client Population I do not currently work in the mental health field. My preferred work setting would be outpatient or school-based therapist. My client of choice would be adolescents and young adults. Assisting the client with career choices and goals would most likely be a big part of my sessions with adolescents. There is usually a big push for them to start the process of college selection. The clients may or may not have an idea what career interests them. Name of Theory John Holland offered a theory that explained how the environment a person chooses could be directly related to the personality (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012). He believed that there are six personality developments. Holland believes when a person selects a career, he is selecting a way of life (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012). Second Theory Name The theory of person-environment correspondence (PEC) centers on the individual’s adjustment to...
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...Super's theory One of Donald Super’s greatest contributions to career development has been his emphasis on the importance of the development of self-concept. According to Super, self-concept changes over time, and develops as a result of experience. As such, career development is lifelong. Contact us Call us on 0800 222 733 * Chat online * Email us Hover your mouse over each stage to read more about its characteristics * Download a copy of Super's model (PDF - 272KB) (Word - 167KB) Super developed the theories and work of colleague Eli Ginzberg – he thought that Ginzberg’s work had weaknesses, which he wanted to address. Super extended Ginzberg’s life and career development stages from three to five, and included different substages. Super argues that occupational preferences and competencies, along with an individual’s life situations, all change with time and experience. Super developed the concept of vocational maturity, which may or may not correspond to chronological age: people cycle through each of these stages when they go through career transitions. Super’s five life and career development stages Stage | Age | Characteristics | Growth | birth-14 | Development of self-concept, attitudes, needs and general world of work | Exploration | 15-24 | "Trying out" through classes, work hobbies. Tentative choice and skill development | Establishment | 25-44 | Entry-level skill building and stabilisation through work experience | Maintenance...
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...Lifestyle and Career Development Fernando De La Cruz Jr. Webster University Abstract Counselors should let people choose their own careers. By doing this, counselors allow their clients be who they are. No two people are alike and therefore they will make their own decisions even if it is a mystery. Instead, counselors can help the client by asking direct questions, using mental imagining, and focusing on their accomplishment Counselors should use their skills as an art by applying, adapting, and integrating a counseling style that works best for them while working along with and helping their clients. Key skills of the career counselor include, but are not limited to clarifying content, reflecting feeling, open-ended questioning, skill identifying, value clarifying, creative imagining, information giving, role-playing, spot-checking, summarizing, task setting, and establishing the “yes and buts.” Some other skills include an open invitation to talk, focusing, leading, and encouraging. However, counselors should use the “client-centered” theory approach of Carl Rogers; refraining from giving advice to their clients because it encourages the client to be dependent on the counselor’s insights, and the counselor cannot know what is best for the client. Keywords: counselor, client, career Objectives of Career Counseling Career counseling objectives focus on the counselor-client relationship that helps foster the best...
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...Engineering is a process of formulas and theories, while management is a process of practically applying theories, both working towards a greater end. As a mechanical engineering graduate, a career choice in engineering management and consulting allows me to satisfy my personal passion for engineering, while being a part of something bigger than myself. I am applying for admission to MSc program in engineering business management because I want a career in the field of servicing, consultancy and marketing. My undergraduate studies in Mechanical Engineering at University College London have given me a strong foundation of analytical skills, since the variety of courses I took, such as applied mechanics and stress analysis, involves a lot of complex and intricate calculations and the application of physics and mathematical skills. These skills and theories were put into practice in my final year project, which involved designing and creating a working three-dimensional simulation of the dynamic and static behaviour of a cricket bat when subjected to applied force. This virtual simulation was then evaluated by comparing it with a real life prototype. The results indicated that computer simulation can be very useful for testing and developing innovative designs without wasting vital resources, like time, money and manpower, which is an important managerial responsibility. These results symbolise how better engineering translates into better management and vice versa. Only through...
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...quality workforce and developing performance objectives (Schermerhorn, et al., 2014). The human resource department is investigating one of the current regional manager’s performances. Reports have indicated that the regional manager is underperforming. Underperforming employee’s need to be addressed and handled by the organisation. Detailing several issues will help realign the employee with the organisations goals. The issues being addressed will actively engage and offer recommendations in assisting the regional store manager to effectively perform to the organisations standards. This will consist of the organisations best practice and which features will actively engage in the employees’ performance management. Applying the organization's human resource development (HRD) functions and how they will integrate with the organization's performance management function will provide a stronger management connection with our regional manager....
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...Human Developments – Application of Theory Introduction In this paper I will look at a scenario of a certain stage in a person’s life and relate in my opinion the best development Theory that explains what stage of development the subject is revealing and how this stage reflects this person’s life situation. This scenario is about a woman considered to be in the start of the middle age or prime of life. She graduated college to work in marketing. She patiently waited to marry her college love while he finished school. Settled in to a marriage where her husband was not ready for a family or children. She waited for her husband to settle down but the amount of time stressed the marriage till it ended in divorce. Now she finds herself at 43 no marriage, lonely, no children to raise and teach, and growing weary in a career she has lost interest in. Her sense of responsibility has her taking care of elderly mom even though they have never got along. At this point in her life she knows she needs to make changes but unsure of the direction she wants to go. She starts thinking of things that might change her situation but nothing feels right. Dating at her age seems awkward. Going back to school could be an option but not sure of anything she might be interested in. Not accomplishing what most other people have by this point in her life leaves her feeling of total failure. Theory The best theory analysis that fits our scenario lies in the Young Adulthood, Middle Age, and...
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...Career is an important aspect in an individual’s life, it is important to equip an individual with skills and understanding to make an appropriate career transition and support them throughout life. This is essential for an effective functioning of an economy and also for individual well - being. The job of career guidance counselling is thus very important. By facilitating successful transitions into paid employment, high quality careers guidance can also help ameliorate social deprivation and poverty: The role of career guidance is vital as there are mounting evidence suggests that an individual’s level of consumption, self-esteem, social-status, and even happiness depend to a large extent on not just income, but also social status, associated with occupational attainment. (Brown, Sessions and Taylor, 2004, p 20) This is one offered by Arthur et al (1989) who proposed that career is ‘the evolving sequence of a person’s work experiences over time’ (p8).It plays a role in raising career expectations and aspirations of pupils (Brown et al, 2004) and may also enhance broader school effectiveness (Killeen et al, 1999). Osipow and Fitzgerald (1996) postulate that the concept of career has recently undergone a transformation (p50) and distinguish between career choice as a point-in-time ‘event’ and a developmental ‘process’ over a longer period of time (p54). Whilst acknowledging that broader definitions (which include life roles and life span) have emerged, they suggest a more...
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...RUNNING HEAD: CAREER PAPER Reflective Career Paper After gaining knowledge in this course, I have learned new concepts and theories that have brought meaning to my life. At some point in our life, we all have adopted some type of theory in our life without knowing it. The Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory, Super’s Lifespan Theory and Social Cognitive Career Theory are three theories that explain how my career setting and role-play changed due to certain circumstances and life experiences. The career development is one of the concepts that I have learned to greatly appreciate throughout the Career Development Course. Career development refers to the lifelong psychological and behavioral processes as well as contextual influences shaping one’s career over the life span. As such, career development involves the person’s creation of a career pattern, decision-making style, integration of life roles, values expression, and life role self concepts (Herr et al., 2004). As life takes us for a loop, we will encounter choices that may be difficult to decide upon, but through the process of career development one can make wise career choices. The theory that plays an important role in my life now that I have experienced the workforce and school is the Krumboltz's Social Learning and Planned Happenstance. This theory address factors related to my experiences with others and in previous work situations. Having...
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...Appendix 1) and the career plan (refer the Appendix 2), there are two leadership theories will be identified, situational leadership and transformational leadership; which can help Jiamin improve the lack skills of working as a employee and to obtain the personal and career goals. In 1969, Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard published the first edition situational leadership, named “life Cycle Theory of Leadership; and during the mid-1970s, it was renamed “situational leadership theory” (Graeff 1997). According to the task behavior and the relationship behavior that between leaders and followers, Hersey and Blanchard defined four styles in the situational leadership theory (Hersey & Blanchard, 1977). The first one is Telling; means the leaders has a high directive to underling, but offer a low support. The second one is Selling, which instead of the leader is high directive and high supportive. If leaders are low directive and high supportive, it is named “Participating”. “Delegating” means leaders are low directive and low supportive, thus employees can use their inventive powers. Meanwhile, in term of the ability and willing of employees, they also put forward the corresponding Maturity levels include four stages to the four leadership styles (Avery & Ryan, 2002). For instance, if employee who belong “able to do, and willing to do the task”, it will refer the “Delegating” leadership style. Applying the situational leadership to the facts, this theory will help Jiamin to...
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...Gender and Development Theories, Wid, Wad and Gad, Their Strengths and Weaknesse In: Other Topics Gender and Development Theories, Wid, Wad and Gad, Their Strengths and Weaknesse INVESTING IN AFRICA’S FUTURE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE Name: Chupical Shollah Manuel Reg Number: R 086305 HU Lecturer: Musvosvi, E (Ms) Course: Gender and Development (HSO 306) Question: Briefly discuss the following theories and show the strengths and weaknesses of each approach to Gender Development; WID, WAD and GAD. Gender relates to the social constructions and relations between men and women and it does not simply look at maleness or femaleness. Development is a multidimensional concept but in general it entails social upward mobility and empowerment but not limited to this. In studying gender relations and development it is of great importance to look at the approaches adopted by feminists in redressing and addressing social disparities. There are many approaches but shall give considerable to WID, WAD and GAD and give their contributions to development as well as their strengths and weaknesses. One of the most famous approaches to development was the feminist Women in development (WID). This was adopted in the 1970s in response to women movement in the west. The women in the west advocated for inclusion of women who have been excluded from development policies and programs. Baserup (1979) point out that the...
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...Developmental Profile (Typical) Introduction Human development is the process of growth from a one-celled zygote through to a mature adult human being. Development occurs in the physical, cognitive and psychosocial realms and can be influenced by heredity, environment and maturation (Papalia et al., 2009). During childhood, typical physical development involves the acquisition of the fine and gross motor skills including coordination, control, movement and manipulation. Typical physical development during adolescence involves pubescent changes as the body develops and matures sexually. During young adulthood, physical development involves one’s organs and systems operating at peak efficiency. As an individual moves through to late adulthood, these systems slowly deteriorate along with overall health, stamina and strength. In terms of cognition, thinking and problem solving skills, conceptual understandings, information processing ability and overall intelligence develop throughout an individual’s lifespan. With respect to psychosocial, this includes how a person’s mind, emotions, and maturity levels evolve. In terms of this assignment, the purpose is to present a profile of a typical thirty-two year old male and to analyse his development through theoretical perspectives. My individual is named Andrew; he is single but dates regularly, Caucasian from North America, is university educated and works as an accountant for a bank. Andrew grew up in the suburbs...
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...personal life. On my basic study I usually learned about micro and macroeconomic theory and about functioning of the business, company and whole economy, where we had not discuss about leadership in such direct way like at this course. I became aware of the importance of Leadership in my personal and professional life, in applying it in my future personal development, to grown my own skills and to learn how to motivate people in the right, long-term way, profitable for both sides. Those are just some of the most interesting examples for me which we discussed during this course and there are more others topics which I will explain in my following work. Through ours career we usually pass some different positions where the required leadership challenges are various. And so at the beginning, at first, supervisory level which is closest to me, the required leadership skills are inserts with people, professional and technical knowledge. At upper levels, skills are changed and at senior level there are need for strategic and visionary thinking, and also need for external focus. In each of these levels in our career, firstly we should realistically evaluate our strengths and limitations and thus become self-aware. Also we should analyze what drives our best performance. One of the best ways to evaluate our self is to get appropriate and honest feedback from the other fellows in our company by applying 360 degree method, or some similar. But we should be careful because as manager...
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...Career Development of the African American Youth After reading the article, The Relationship Among Support, Ethnic Identity, Career Decision Self-Efficacy, and Outcome Expectations in African American High School Students Applying Social Cognitive Career Theory, a realization was made that cross-cultural research is going to be biased when a person brings in their own preconceived notion about race, education and careers. One thing for sure, is that there is a need for more research to be done. The barriers that African American youths endure in urban and rural surroundings go further than culture and racial socialization. In conflict with these contextual realities, African American youth are increasingly exposed to deracialized narratives...
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...at a young age and this is where are theories and applying them come into play. I believe overall this explains Erikson and his theory. For me his theory makes sense, as do all of the stages. Having had the opportunity to work with children of various ages I have been able to see children go through these stages at these ages, and it is fascinating to me. I have witnessed the beginning stages in young children and it fascinates me to see them in a sense become a young adult in Stage 2 as they begin to assert themselves as people and not relying solely on someone else to take care of them. One question that arises for me is Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair and that Erikson states that elders who are dissatisfied with their lives fear death, and I personally have not seen this or had an elder express this fear. I feel as though elders as they get older are prepared for death whether their life was satisfying or not. I have also not had much experience with elders so I may not have experienced or witnessed it for that reason. An example of a developmental crisis is evident in my life is from Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion. When I graduated high school I packed up my stuff and moved to college to pursue swimming my number one passion and to get a college degree. Upon entering college I was a health and nutrition major. Over the course of three years I then changed my major to psychology, then to child development then back to psychology and then ended...
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