...Reasoning falls under the ‘Using and applying’ heading of the National Strategies guidance (DfES,2006) this covers ‘Making decisions, reasoning and generalising about numbers and shapes; and problems involving ‘real life’, money or measures’ (p3). This assignment will discuss activities which develop children’s abilities to reason. In addition it will consider the underlying skills required to develop children’s confidence and understanding of reasoning. Finally it will consider whether a child acquiring the skill of reasoning is important to their education and mathematical development. In addition throughout it will examine the teachers’ role in developing high-quality mathematical dialogue. To some, the ability to reason may seem like a simple skill, however in order for a person to reason there are many fundamental skills which must be first developed. The Using and Applying Guidance Paper (DfES,2006) believes before children are able to reason they must first acquire a confidence with solving problems and thinking logically. Then they should develop the ability to ‘represent’ the problem, choosing key information and using mathematical calculations, pictures and diagrams to record their thinking. Next they must develop the skill of enquiring, asking questions to further their understanding of a problem. Finally they are able to develop their understanding of reasoning and communication. According to the Using and Applying Guidance Paper (DfES,2006) to enable a child to reason...
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...This unit is designed for students in beginning Algebra classes. It is an introduction to the basic functions of algebra including the definition of an equation, using basic mathematical skills to solve equations, and applying equations to problem solving. South Carolina Standard 8-3: Through the process standards students will demonstrate an understanding of equations, inequalities, and linear functions (South Carolina Department of Education, 2007). Specific Indicators as outlined by the South Carolina Department of Education 8-3.1 Translate among verbal, graphical, tabular and algebraic representations of linear functions. 8-3.2 Represent algebraic relationships with equations and inequalities. 8-3.3 Use properties to examine equivalence of a variety of algebraic expressions. 8-3.4 Apply procedures to solve multi-step equations. 8-3.5 Classify relationships between two variables as linear or non-linear. Objectives Day 1 Objective: Students will learn the definition of an algebraic equation and the parts of an equation. Day 2 Objective: Students will apply their knowledge of addition and subtraction to solve algebraic equations. Day 3 Objective: Students will demonstrate proficiency in applying multiplication and division to solving algebraic equations. Day 4 Objective: Students will combine their knowledge of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division to understand the order of operations and the acronym PEMDAS. Day 5 Objective:...
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...Running head: Applying Problem Solving Applying Problem Solving University of Phoenix Cultural Diversity PHL/215 Heather Hensell Applying Problem Solving When we face emergencies, deadlines, critical situations, and decisions, which call for action, often we respond to our instinct and just as often we make judgments in haste. No matter if the issues are personal, educational or business, occasionally we do not take the time to consult with those "who have been there, done that!" At times we do not investigate the resources available. In problem solving, following guidelines can save time and heartache. How effectively we use these guidelines will determine our chances for a positive resolution to the problem at hand. First, identify and clarify the problem; we must know the problem to solve it. Second, gather information; we must know all the details to come to the correct solution. Third, evaluate the evidence; things are not always as they seem, determine if the information is justifiable. Fourth, consider alternatives and implications; identify the strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, choose and implement the best alternative. In this paper I have chosen two situations that I will use persuasive thinking to solve the problem and the other I will use scientific thinking. The first problem that I will discuss is Racism, which can be defined as the hatred of one person by another or the prejudice that members...
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...one direction, when there is a problem entrepreneurs would use innovation which comes from creativity to solve it by entrepreneurship. Innovation deliveries new industries or get exist industries developed and both of those actions will lead economic to develop. The births of new industries encourage people with entrepreneurship to organize new economics. From the other direction, the development of economic absorbs new investments. Those investments include not only labour, land and capital, but also innovation which can improve the new good or service. The development in new industry can also offer money or other capital to encourage people with creativity to innovate. Innovation can be protected by entrepreneurship because it relies on innovation. As Thomson Edison* said, his inventions were from seeing a worthwhile need to be met and trailed after it until it came. So it can be seen as innovations are from solving problem and creativity. As an entrepreneur, spotting a problem and turn it into opportunity by creativity is called entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship sets innovation to processing first and then gets profits from economic development. As Bolton and Thompson (2000) has recognized, entrepreneurship is about change and innovation. So every entrepreneurs needs to understand how to apply or utilize innovation. Processing or applying innovation in the market leads to entrepreneurship. The reason of that is the processing or applying is to utilize new ideas to product...
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...identifying the problem, gathering and qualifying supporting information to support a decision, and evaluating the decision. By applying these critical thinking techniques the benefits of critical thinking can be realized. This paper will briefly discuss critical thinking, its importance and benefits, and present the reader with a real-world example of critical thinking. Critical Thinking Application Critical thinking is defined by Paul and Elder (2006) as “thinking explicitly aimed at well-founded judgment, utilizing appropriate evaluative standards in an attempt to determine the true worth, merit, or value of something” (Section Introduction, p. xxiv). Critical thinking assists a decision maker to make the right decision based on the information available. Decisions are an everyday part of life. Some believe that an average person could make as many as 40,000 decisions in an average day. Whereas not all of these decisions require critical thinking skills, many decisions that directly affect those around us should apply critical thinking techniques to ensure an informed decision is reached. The University of Phoenix decision model is a set of techniques that can assist individuals in applying critical thinking to a decision. This model is comprised of three elements (framing the problem, making the decision, evaluating the decision) with nine steps (identify the problem, define criteria, evaluate effect of the problem, identify causes of the problem, frame alternatives...
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...APPLICATION PAPER Critical Thinking Application Paper Beatriz Whitman University of Phoenix Critical thinking: Strategies in decision-making 350 Robert Wenger July 26, 2010 Critical Thinking Application Paper Making decisions is a skill that people use daily in their personal and professional lives. Although people make decisions often, knowing how to think critically is a learned skill that not everyone does effectively. Thinking critically allows a decision-maker to analyze a problem or situation in a structured fashion to come to a sound conclusion. In this paper I will explain critical thinking and provide an example from my own personal experience applying critical thinking in the workplace. I will also look at the importance and benefits of critical thinking in the decision-making process. “Critical thinking is self-guided, self-disciplined thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way. People who think critically consistently attempt to live rationally, reasonably, empathically” (The Critical Thinking Community [CTC], 2009, para 8). Effective critical thinkers are non-discriminatory, which enables them to consider all relevant viewpoints equally without letting assumptions or bias interfere. These strong-sense critical thinkers place value in the fair and just and make ethical decisions (Paul & Elder, 2006). To think critically, a person must have the ability to view a situation or problem objectively...
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...Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper Monique Reed BSHS/435 February 22, 2015 Dora Baker Scientific Method and Steps in Scientific Inquiry Paper In this paper in will provide details on how scientific methods can be used in the Human services. Explaining the steps of scientific methods, and how it serves as an important key to Human services professionals. Each steps will be included on how they are define and what purpose it serves will scientific methods are applied. Human services professionals use the scientific methods to gain information on the client as well as how to approach the clients issues. Also researching other resources to meet the needs of the client to ensure the client is receiving accurate help. Scientific Method Scientific method is a method that used to research and study that involves investigation and evaluation of present or future problems. Scientific method helps with produce the right answers to questions that cannot be answered with common sense alone. Researchers can use scientific methods to exploit all the facts, evidence, opinions, and records to find the right plan. As a Human service professional using scientific method can help with identifying the solution of the client’s problem and finding a resolution to ensure it will help to rebuild the client’s life. No matter field an individual is in when it concerns Human services, research will always be needed to ensure self-thoughts, bias, and ones on solution is not...
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...Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches | |to problems. (kinicki & Fugate, p. 7) | |Problem-solving: Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. | |(Kinicki & Fugate, p. 7) | |Judgement and Decision Making: Considering the relative cost and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate ones. | |(Kinicki & Fugate, p. 7) | |Active Listening: Giving full attention to what other people are saying; taking the time to understand the points made; asking questions as| |appropriate and not interrupting. (Kinicki & Fugate, p. 7) | In the text, Understanding, and Managing Organizational Behavior, George and Jones define organization as a group of people that “work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a variety of goals” (kinicki & Fugate, p. 5) This paper will focus on explaining the main components of organizational behavior, while providing examples of how these elements relate...
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...St. Mary’s Academy Guagua, Pampanga Project in Math and Physics (Reaction Paper) Submitted by: Banal, Aldrine Bautista, Jose Gabriel Capulong, Luis Carlo Angelo Hirro, Hans Darryl Lagman, Joseph Bryan Bacani, Gia Katrina Bautista, Nicole Anne Bautista, Niña Mae Carbungco, Christa Urania Carlos, Marielle Beatrice Cayanan, Celine David, Cristine Joy De Leon, Jaira Maurice Dela Peña, Jessameen Espinoza, Katherine Garcia, Celine Sigrid Go, Charmaine Rica Hernandez, Angelica Jimena, Ruffa Andrea Lavarez, Queenie Submitted to: Mrs. Luisa Perez (Math Teacher) Mrs. Sharon de Belen (Physics Teacher) Some of the pictures of Group 1 “Mathematics is the language of Science" This is a concept that links back to Galileo and is the reason why technology works, because the physical world obeys regular mathematical rules independent of any human belief system. Scientific concepts are interconnected by the rules of mathematics. Much has been written about why nature seems to work so well with these techniques. Sometimes...
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...Problem Solving Paper Psych. 560 June 24, 2013 Prof. Pitt Problem Solving Paper Problem solving skills are a necessity in order to make effective decisions and manage a team. Without problem solving skills it is impossible for one to be credible and make reliable decisions each and every time. Problem-solving is a mental process that is used to discover, analyze, and solve problems. When problem solving, the ultimate goal is to conquer hurdles and come up with the best solution. Discovering and identifying the Problem can be complicated process. When individuals mistakenly identify the source of a problem incorrectly it will most often lead to inefficient or useless attempts to solve it. The aim of this paper is to identify the approaches to the study of problem-solving and inform the role of insight and creativity in the process of problem solving. The paper also seeks to examine issues with representation and solution. As well as examining the role of reasoning, judgment, and decision making in the process of problem-solving. Approaches to the Study of Problem-Solving The approaches to the study of problem solving include Behaviorism, Gestalt psychology and Cognitive Psychology. Behaviorism concentrates on what goes on in minds and solemnly focuses on general behavior. Discovered in the early twenties by John Watson but made popular by B.F Skinner, behaviorism concentrates on what goes on in minds and solemnly focuses on general behavior. They came up with a principle...
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...some ethical dilemmas. The objective of this paper is to show ethical conflicts between officers and noncommissioned officers (NCOs) in the Brazilian Army and presents some proposals for solving them. This paper will show the difference between officers and NCOs in relation to access to medical system in the Brazilian Army. This paper will bring the difficulties for NCOs in providing housing with quality and comfort for their families while officers have priority and quality. This paper will present the conflicts between officers and NCOs in relation to mandatory assignments, in the financial assistance...
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...Introduction TSP (Travelling salesman problem) is an optimization problem that it is difficult to solve using classical methods. Different Genetic Algorithm (GA) have been right to solve the TSP each with advantages and disadvantages (Davis, 2005) In this research paper, I highlight a new algorithm by merging different genetic Algorithm results to the better solution for TSP. In amalgam algorithm, appropriateness of algorithm and traveled distance for TSP has been considered. Results obtained suggest that it does not quickly establish in the local optimum and enjoys a good speed for an inclusive answer (Fogel, 2010). New methods such as GAs, refrigeration algorithms, Artificial Neural Networks, and ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) to solve TSP problem, in recent past have been suggested. Both ACO and GAs is centered on repetitive (Goldenberg, 2005) ACO system was unfilled for the first time by Dorigoat al. to solve TSP. In ACO algorithms, people work together to find the solution. In collective intelligence algorithms, it uses the real life of creatures without putting in consideration the complex mechanisms in run their day to day life in all aspects as best as possible. GA is an iterative procedure that contains a population of individuals or chromosomes. Coding of randomly or heuristic by a string of symbols as a gene in possible solution is done. All possible solution in this search space is examined. When search space is large, GAs usually are used. People can select an...
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...SUBDOMAIN 212.1 - NUMERACY, ALGEBRA, & GEOMETRY SUBDOMAIN 212.2 - PROBABILITY, STATISTICS, & QUANTITATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING Competency 212.1.2: Solving Algebraic Equations - The graduate solves algebraic equations and constructs equations to solve real-world problems. Competency 212.2.1: Applying Probability and Statistics - The graduate understands and applies elementary probability and statistics concepts and knows the relationship between them and sampling and inference. Competency 212.2.3: Interpreting and Communicating Quantitative Information - The graduate interprets documents and materials containing quantitative information and effectively communicates mathematical arguments and quantitative results. Competency 212.2.4: Applying Technology to Quantitative Problems - The graduate uses appropriate technological tools, including regular and graphing calculators, databases, and/or statistical analysis programs, to solve problems involving computation, graphical information, and informational technology in a wide range of areas. Introduction: Individuals encounter countless situations in day-to-day life that require a strong mathematical foundation in order to make informed decisions. Shown below are four real-world scenarios that one might encounter in day-to-day life. For this task you will choose one of the scenarios below. Each situation requires a mathematical comparison of cost options in order to determine which is best for a consumer (e.g., customer...
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...Reflect and evaluate development opportunities to meet your current and future defined needs. Reflect and evaluate development opportunities to meet your current and future defined needs. During the last activity I identified the need for improving my Business Writing skills, report writing, Presentation skills & problem solving and decision making skills. I believe goal setting would be one of the key development opportunities and a good starting point. Initially I will focus on what I want to achieve for example from the courses that I will attend and any job role changes or shadowing opportunities. Ensuring the goals I have set, built up on my skills and are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time targeted (S.M.A.R.T) – this is what is currently used with in my organisation to set any goals/ development for individuals. To improve my Business/report writing skills I believe initially I should take advantage of the courses that are available through my companies learning and development team, the report writing course will provide me with the necessary skills to produce an accepted, flowing text quickly and easily, ensuring that I use reader friendly language, write in a way to produce a positive notion and choose suitable method & pitch. By attending this course I can also take advantage of networking opportunities as a number of individuals from various areas of industry/ business with different skills and experience would be attending the course...
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...SUBDOMAIN 212.1 - NUMERACY, ALGEBRA, & GEOMETRY SUBDOMAIN 212.2 - PROBABILITY, STATISTICS, & QUANTITATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING Competency 212.1.2: Solving Algebraic Equations - The graduate solves algebraic equations and constructs equations to solve real-world problems. Competency 212.2.1: Applying Probability and Statistics - The graduate understands and applies elementary probability and statistics concepts and knows the relationship between them and sampling and inference. Competency 212.2.3: Interpreting and Communicating Quantitative Information - The graduate interprets documents and materials containing quantitative information and effectively communicates mathematical arguments and quantitative results. Competency 212.2.4: Applying Technology to Quantitative Problems - The graduate uses appropriate technological tools, including regular and graphing calculators, databases, and/or statistical analysis programs, to solve problems involving computation, graphical information, and informational technology in a wide range of areas. Introduction: Individuals encounter countless situations in day-to-day life that require a strong mathematical foundation in order to make informed decisions. Shown below are four real-world scenarios that one might encounter in day-to-day life. For this task you will choose one of the scenarios below. Each situation requires a mathematical comparison of cost options in order to determine which is best for a consumer (e.g., customer or person). Scenario...
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