...only oil and oil-related products (such as Saudi Arabia, the UAE and Kuwait), others have a highly diverse economic base (such as Cyprus, Israel, Turkey and Egypt). Industries of the Middle Eastern region include oil and oil-related products, agriculture, cotton, cattle, dairy, textiles, leather products, surgical instruments, defense equipment (guns, ammunition, tanks, submarines, fighter jets, UAVs, and missiles). Banking is also an important sector of the economies, especially in the case of UAE and Bahrain. Main economic sectors & main actors Middle Eastern Oil-Exporting Countries The oil exporters comprise 12 countries: the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC—Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates) and Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, and Yemen. Together, they account for 65 percent of global oil reserves and 45 percent of natural gas reserves. The countries are mainly exporters of oil, gas, and refined products, with oil and gas contributing about 50 percent to GDP and80 percent to revenue. They are diverse and differ substantially in terms of per capita GDP, which in 2008 ranged from $1,200 in Yemen to over $70,000 in Qatar. The GCC subgroup is relatively homogenous, however, with similar economic and political institutions and relatively less diverse per capita incomes. To be given the comprehensive economic background of Oil-Exporting Countries, Bahrain is one of the most diversified economies in the Persian Gulf. Highly...
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...The Arab Revolt and the British Response Introduction At the emergence of World War I, the Ottoman Empire had shrunk in population and dominance as a result of formerly colonized territory being lost to European control. It was once an extensive empire consisting of multiple racial and ethnic groups, situated in what is now Istanbul. In spite of being only a fragment of what it once was, the Ottoman Empire still had power over Arab lands south of Turkey by 1914. The Arabs occupying areas in the Middle East had negatively feelings towards the Ottoman rule over what was meant to be Arab land and to reclaim the regions south of Turkey, a revolt against the Ottoman Empire was formulated and the British wished to assist the Arabs in succeeding in their intentions. The governor of Mecca, Sharif...
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...Countries Professor Lindsey December 13, 2015 Morocco The Kingdom of Morocco is about one-tenth larger than California and lies at the northwest edge of the Maghreb region of North Africa. Algeria is to the east and Mauritania to the south. Since the second millennium, B.C. Morocco has been home to the Berbers. The country was annexed by Rome as a part of Mauritania until this portion of the empire was overrun by Vandals (East Germanic tribe). Islam was brought to the country by the Arabs when they invaded Circa 685 ("Morocco: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities," n.d.). The Berbers joined the Arabs in invading Spain but later revolted against the Arabs in resentment of their secondary status. Unification in this land was very rare, which usually meant the land was being ruled by small tribal states. The conflict between the Berbers and the Arabs remained continuous. However, in defense against Portugal and Spain the Berbers and the Arabs unified under the Alawite dynasty. The Alawite dynasty is a sheriff dynasty descended from the Prophet Muhammad and rules Morocco to this day ("Morocco: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities," n.d.). In 1904, France and Spain devised a secret agreement that divided Morocco into zones of French and Spanish influence. Morocco gained its independence and sovereignty in 1956. At that time, Sultan Muhammed V ruled the country until his death...
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...From 1915 to 2015 the Arab world had a century of inconsistent development. And specifically since the 1980s and the end of the Cold War in 1990, the well-being of the majority of people in the region went on a downward slide. Today’s situation in the region is due to a combination of bad governance in the Arab world, the terrible consequences of continuous foreign military intervention in the region for the last 30 years, not just from the US; it is also from Russia, Europe, Iran, Israel, and inter-Arab as well. In addition, there is a generalized sense in a couple of hundred million Arabs that they don't have a chance to really improve their lives anymore. Aside from his violent actions, there was something mystical and revolutionary within...
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...Filipinos 1384178681232617100.jpg APPRECIATION: AGFUND President Prince Talal gestures during an interview with Arab News. (AN photo by Iqbal Hossain) RIYADH: ABDUL HANNAN TAGO Published — Tuesday 12 November 2013 Last update 12 November 2013 2:15 am | نسخة PDF Send to Friend Print News | A A LATEST STORIES IN SAUDI ARABIA 57 held after Chadian-Ethiopian clash 500 Africans rounded up in Makkah 450,000 Saudis to be trained 60% expat teachers get permits Maids from Turkey under consideration More The Arab Gulf Program for Development (AGFUND) is planning to establish a micro-finance bank in the Philippines soon. AGFUND President Prince Talal said this during an exclusive interview with Arab News. He said Filipino expatriates have been working alongside Saudis with sincerity and dedication. Prince Talal pointed out that the offer of assistance through AGFUND was a token of appreciation to acknowledge the contribution of the Filipinos. “The Philippines is a country that gives before it takes,” Prince Talal said, lauding the efforts of thousands of Filipino workers in the Kingdom. The prince said that he will be visiting the Philippines in January to follow up on the proposal of establishing a micro-finance bank. The initiative is timely especially in the wake of the recent typhoon that has devastated many parts of the country. The interview with Arab News will be aired on ABS-CBN TV as part of a special coverage on Prince Talal’s humanitarian gesture. Prince...
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...Dubai-United Arab Emirates Final Paper Study Abroad: December 26, 2010 – January 6, 2011 1. Over the past 20 years Dubai has transformed into a city of economic growth and focus. Unlike its neighbors, the city and the UAE as a whole, has developed into a diverse economic state that has become a center for business and tourism. Although the city was built on the oil industry, it is the city’s current model of business that has driven its economy. Many of the city’s main revenues come from tourism, real estate, and financial services. Typically overlooked, it is Dubai’s economic development strategy that has kept the city profitable and growing. Dubai’s economic development strategy has implemented many strategies that the government believes will help ensure long term stability and sustainability. One tactic the government has developed is the implementation of free zones. These free zones have been designed to contribute to Dubai’s growth and development. One main item is involved with these zones however—the legal status of the companies within these zones. These companies are treated as foreign companies operating outside the UAE. Most sales of the companies located in these zones are exported without any tax being imposed. Owning a company in a free zone allows for 100% retention of profits (Reed). The free zones in Dubai include financial centers, media centers, and technology centers. Dubai has also taken up a large investment in the real estate sector...
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...For the past several decades the centerpiece of the United States (US) Middle Eastern policy has been its relationship with Israel. The combination of unwavering support for Israel and the related effort to spread ‘democracy’ throughout the region has inflamed Arab and Islamic opinion and jeopardized not only US security but that of much of the rest of the world. This situation is unparalleled in American political history. Throughout this paper we will explore some reasons why the United States has been willing to set aside its own security and that of many of its allies in order to advance the interests of another state. One might assume that the bond between the two countries was based on shared strategic and interests, or compelling moral imperatives, but neither explanation can account for the remarkable level of economic, military, and diplomatic support that the United States provides to the State of Israel. We’ll also explore how the United States’ strategic military operations in support of Israel, is in America’s national interest. The United States is now the world's only superpower; if it does not exert international leadership, what country will? No other state’s military has the will or the capability to take on such threats as those emanating from rogue states like Iraq, Iran, or North Korea; nor can any other deal with issues such as the spread of weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, radical Islam, or international narcotics trafficking....
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...Project: The war in Yemen and the role of the Arab League Contents Introduction 3 Discussion 3 Conclusion 5 Reference 6 Introduction In the nineteenth century, South Yemen was a British province, whereas the northern part of the nation was affected by the Ottoman Empire. North Yemen got freedom after World War I, while South Yemen stayed under British supervision until 1967. Later, in 1990 the two states consented to reunify and shaped the Republic of Yemen (UCDP). The principal Yemeni civil war was a sign of social clashes inside Yemini society itself. Then again, there were the traditional powers portrayed by the Imamate family who controlled the political administration in Yemen and needed to safeguard business as usual. Then again, there were the new social powers (armed force, middle class people and worker's unions) that were attempting to modernize the nation and to continue with the procedure of social change. That is the reason the outside forces (Egypt, Saudi Arabia) amid the rise of territorial battle in the middle of customary and current types of Arab patriotism, mediated to bolster restricting groups and internationalize the contention. Eventually the Arab League also played a positive and viable part in managing the civil war in Yemen [ (Yassine-Hamdan & Pearson, 2014) ]. Discussion By 1972, the two Yemen were in open clash. The YAR (Yemen Arab Republic) got help from Saudi Arabia and the PDRY (People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen) got arms from...
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...HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early Years: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) was formed from the group of tribally organized Arabian Peninsula sheikhdoms along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf and the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Oman. This area was converted to Islam in the seventh century and for Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: United Arab Emirates, July 2007 centuries afterward was embroiled in dynastic disputes. Most UAE nationals are descended from two tribal groupings, the Qawasim and the Bani Yas, which emerged as leading powers in the eighteenth century. The Qawasim, mainly land and sea traders, dominated what are today the emirates of Ras al Khaymah and Sharjah. The Bani Yas, who were agricultural and pastoral, lived in what are today the emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. From the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, the area became known as the Pirate Coast, as both European and Arab pirates attacked foreign ships. The British mounted expeditions against the pirates during this period, culminating in an 1818 campaign against the pirate headquarters of Ras al Khaymah and other harbors along the coast. This action ostensibly was taken to safeguard British maritime routes, particularly those of the British East India Company, but some historians have noted that the war was in fact motivated by the British desire to establish supremacy in the region against the claims of other European powers. British Rule: In 1820 Britain...
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...Summarize the articles with your own words. The growth of the UAE economy this year is expected to recover relatively to the previous year. The reason for this decline is the implementation of a fiscal policy made by the United Arab Emirates. According to a stamen from the fund. "The economic recovery looks set to continue. With limited potential for further increases in oil production in the near term, overall GDP growth is expected to moderate to 2.3 percent," The UAE oil robust prices, and the well flow trade had a great impact in helping the country recover from the 2009-2010 debt crisis. Which bare dissipations in its property sector and led to a $25 billion debt. However, a warning of IMF stated that uncertain global renewed worsening of the global situation could lead government-linked companies to bankrupt. Extensive development had been made in the debt reform of state-linked entities; however, many entities still continued reliance on foreign funding. Thus, UAE authorities' plans to gradually consolidate fiscal policy. (Reuters, 2012) Which stage in the business cycle do you think the economy is in? Currently the economy is in the Recovery Stage the business cycle is the point at which the economy starts working its way up to better financial footing. The year 2012 will be remembered in the UAE’s history, among others, for economic recovery from the biggest financial crisis in its history starting from 2008. To summarize Dubai went through the classic Phase...
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... Membership | 12 states (2011)[show] * Algeria * Angola * Ecuador * Iran * Iraq * Kuwait * Libya * Nigeria * Qatar * Saudi Arabia * United Arab Emirates * Venezuela | Leaders | - | President | Rostam Ghasemi | - | Secretary General | Abdallah el-Badri | Establishment | Baghdad, Iraq | - | Statute | September 10–14, 1960 | - | in effect | January 1961 | Area | - | Total | 11,854,977 km2 4,577,232 sq mi | Website www.opec.org | | Currency | Indexed as USD-per-barrel | | | | Current members OPEC has twelve member countries: six in the Middle East, four in Africa, and two in South America. Country | Region | Joined OPEC[25] | Production (bbl/day) | Algeria | Africa | 1969 | 2125000 !2,125,000 (16th) | Angola | Africa | 2007 | 1948000 !1,948,000 (17th) | Ecuador | South America | 2007[A 1] | 0485700 !485,700 (30th) | Iran | Middle East | 1960[A 2] | 4172000 !4,172,000 (4th) | Iraq | Middle East | 1960[A 2] | 3200000 !3,200,000 (12th) | Kuwait | Middle East | 1960[A 2] | 2494000 !2,494,000 (10th) | Libya | Africa | 1962 | 2210000 !2,210,000 (15th) | Nigeria | Africa | 1971 | 2211000 !2,211,000 (14th) | Qatar | Middle East | 1961 | 1213000 !1,213,000 (21st) | Saudi Arabia | Middle East | 1960[A 2] | 8800000 !8,800,000 (1st) | United Arab Emirates | Middle East | 1967 | 2798000 !2,798,000 (8th) | Venezuela | South America | 1960[A 2] | 2472000 !2,472,000 (11th) | Total | 33,327,700 bbl/day...
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...militias locked in a bloody struggle of attrition. Members of Congress and Administration officials are debating options for responding militarily to President Bashar al Asad’s forces’ reported use of chemical weapons in attacks on rebel-held areas and civilians. After the U.S. intelligence community concluded that Asad’s forces used weapons in limited attacks earlier this year, the Obama Administration had signaled a pending expansion of U.S. civilian and military assistance to the opposition. Earlier in the conflict, U.S. officials and many analysts asserted that President Asad and his supporters would be forced from power, but had difficulty articulating how that outcome would take place within the timeframes they set forth. Recent developments suggest that both the opposition and the Asad regime face considerable challenges in their attempts to assert greater control over Syria. Increasingly, analysts have focused on the potential for the regime and its opponents to carve out strongholds and prolong the fighting. Rapid escalation or swift regime change could deal a decisive blow to actors seeking to advance goals contrary to U.S. interests, but it could also further jeopardize the security of chemical and conventional weapons stockpiles and/or lead to wider regional conflict. Opposition forces are formidable, but regime forces, backed by Hezbollah fighters and Iranian and Russian material support, have initiated...
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...inconceivable amount of money for survival. The need for survival doesn't become a paycheck to paycheck instance like in developed countries, but the need for survival is a day to day function. "Poverty is defined as the state or condition of having little or no money, goods or means of support (Poverty)." Many around the world ask the constant question of why we should care about developing the world. The connectedness of the world shows when problems arise in other countries it has the abilities to affect us and their allies. The paper will look into the underdevelopment of Gaza by identifying the weak institutions that make it so difficult to advance development, analyze the specific actions that the leadership of Gaza has taken and discuss whether or not the state's private institutions are working to improve development in Gaza. Gaza is the developing country I chose to further research about developing countries and citizens and governments way of life. Gaza is located in the country of Israel on the west coast called the Gaza Strip along the Mediterranean Sea northeast of Sinai Peninsula. The Gaza Strip is under Palestine control and considered separate from Israel. The country of...
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... Ah REGISTERATION NO :078 Submitted to sir saqib fareed sheikh GLOBALIZATION Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. In particular, advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the Internet, are major factors in globalization and precipitate further interdependence of economic and cultural activities. GATT General agreement on tariffs and trade, an international treaty (1948–94) to promote trade and economic development by reducing tariffs and other restrictions. it was superseded by the establishment of the world trade organization in 1995 History of GATT • Following World War II, the victor nations sought to create institutions that would eliminate the causes of war. • Their principles were to resolve or prevent war through the United Nations and to eliminate the economic causes of war by establishing three international economic institutions. GATT, 1947 Because the ITO was stillborn the provisional agreement for the ITO, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) became the agreement and the organization for establishing and enforcing, through dispute settlement, the international trade rules. • In 1995 this agreement on trade in...
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...On Bread and Circuses: Food Subsidy Reform and Popular Opposition in Egypt Ram Sachs Advisor: Professor Lisa Blaydes Center for International Security and Cooperation Stanford University May 21, 2012 ii Abstract In January 1977, Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat faced tremendous public protest after implementing relatively small changes to the country’s food subsidy regime. In contrast, during the 1980s, and more aggressively in the 1990s, the government of Hosni Mubarak implemented more consequential reductions to subsidies on core food items while avoiding popular protest on a similar scale. I argue that the Mubarak regime engaged in covert price increases, distribution controls, temporary policy reversals, and repression, which allowed it to successfully reduce food subsidies without igniting regime-threatening public opposition during this period. Following the January 2011 revolution, further reform efforts are unlikely as the transitional democratic politics and the increased number of political participants will block change in the short term. iii iv Acknowledgements This thesis has served to unite my academic experience at Stanford. Four years of preparation, and the past year of writing, have produced this exploration of food, politics, and the Middle East. The CISAC Honors Program has provided a fantastic interdisciplinary home for this pursuit. I am thankful to Professors Blacker and Crenshaw for their guidance in this yearlong process. I...
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