...This page in: English Poverty Research FEATURED 1 / 3 Financing for Development Post-2015 Financing for Development Post-2015 The international community is working toward a new framework to promote sustainable development for all which will build on achievements to date and address new challenges arising from an evolving and complex landscape. Read More » RECENTLY PUBLISHED IMPLEMENTATION STATUS AND RESULTS REPORT Benin - BJ PRSC 9 Poverty Reduction Support Cdt. : P132786 - Implementation Status Results Report : Sequence 01 MacwilliamDavid CalSep 21, 2014 PUBLICATION Well begun but not yet done : progress and emerging challenges for poverty reduction in Vietnam Kozel ValerieSep 09, 2014 Vietnam has built a remarkable record of economic growth and poverty reduction over the last two decades. Using a poverty line set in the 1990s and since updated, Vietnams poverty rate fell from 58 percent in... POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER Estimating poverty in the absence of consumption data : the case of Liberia Dabalen Andrew, Graham Errol, Himelein Kristen, Mungai RoseSep 01, 2014 In much of the developing world, the demand for high frequency quality household data for poverty monitoring and program design far outstrips the capacity of the statistics bureau to provide such data. In these ... POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER Infrastructure gap in South Asia : inequality of access to infrastructure services Biller Dan, Andres Luis, Dappe Matias HerreraSep 01, 2014 ...
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...implementation of the provisions of the Convention and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including the programs of work and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation as well as the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising from their Utilization. It will also serve as the basis for the development of communication tools capable of attracting the attention of and engaging stakeholders, thereby facilitating the mainstreaming of biodiversity into broader national and global agendas. A separate Strategic Plan has been adopted for the Biosafety Protocol that will complement the present one for the Convention.8 2. The text of the Convention, and in particular its three objectives, provide the fundamental basis for the Strategic Plan. I.THE RATIONALE FOR THE PLAN 3. Biological diversity underpins ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services essential for human well-being. It provides for food security, human health, the provision of clean air and water; it contributes to local livelihoods, and economic development, and is essential for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, including poverty reduction. 4. The Convention on Biological Diversity has three objectives: the conservation of biological diversity; the...
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...different species. 3.DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-is concern itself with the study of human behavior in all its aspects of growth & development. 4.CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY-is concern with the investigation of the varied facts of marketing & buying behavior affects of advertising studies of mass media & other problems arising from the relationshipbetween the buyer & the seller. 5.EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-deals with observation and experiments in a psychological laboratory. 6.DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY-is a branch of study which deals investigates differences & similarities existing among individuals groups and races. 7. PSYCHOLOGY-applied in medicine it concerned with the treatment of mental diseases. 8.CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL-pertains to the diagnosis of psycho therapy of the milder behavior disorder. 9.EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY-deals with learning motivation & other subject in the actual eductional process. 10.SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY-is the study of the behavior of groups & individuals in their relationship to other group. 11.PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY-study between personality and behavior. 12.ADOLESCENE PSYCHOLOGY- study of behavior of man from poverty to later life approximately from 12-20 yrs.old. 13.SENESCENT PSYCHOLOGY- is the scientific of human behavior in old age. 14.ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY-is the scientific study of human behavior & the etiology or cause of personality defects. 15.BUSINESS PSYCHOLOGY- study of the principles of psychology as applied into business & deals particularly...
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...The increasing of proverty goes hand to hand with the increase of income inequality (Raphael, 2002). Being in poverty can harm the people’s health of thoses with low income. Poverty can affect health in a number of ways such as income provides the preerqisities for health, such as sheleter, food, warmth, and the ability to particapte in society; living in proverty can also cause stress and anixtey which can damage people’s health. (Raphael, 2002). • Low income can limits people’s choice to be healthy physicallly and mentally. The effect of poverty on health have been known since 19th.C and that poverty and income inequality has been define not in terms of having enough material resource to merely survive, but rather than having enough resource to particapte in society in a meainigful way (Raphael, 2002). Employment and Education inequality: • Employment provides income, experiences and new and help to structure a day-to-day life. But unemployment frequently leads to material and social deprivation, psychological stress, and the adapting of health- threatening coping behaviors (Mikkonen & Raphael...
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...upon measures of policy and governance. This has not been attempted intensely in the past aid effectiveness literature. The thesis disaggregates total aid into its various components to examine whether aid effectiveness is conditional upon the type of aid. Results indicate that there is little evidence that foreign aid alone has contributed to economic growth in a country. But there is some evidence that aid can be effective at increasing growth while a country has good governance and macroeconomic policy environment in place. Given that Bangladesh suffers from high incidence of poverty and that there is a large incidence of inequality and differences in well-being, the thesis studies the mix of donor policies aimed at promoting economic growth with the poverty situation in the country. Growth in Bangladesh has never been pro-poor, and the high level of inequality that prevails is likely to reduce the impact of growth on poverty. Findings indicate that the...
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...Condorcet had published his utopian vision of social progress and the perfectibility of man Esquisse d'un Tableau Historique des Progres de l'Espirit Humain (The Future Progress of the Human Mind) in 1794. Malthus' remarks on Condorcet's work spans chapters 8 and 9. Malthus' essay was in response to these utopian visions, as he argued: "This natural inequality of the two powers, of population, and of production of the earth, and that great law of our nature which must constantly keep their effects equal, form the great difficulty that appears to me insurmountable in the way to the perfectibility of society." The "Other writers" included Robert Wallace, Adam Smith, Richard Price, and David Hume. Malthus himself claimed: "The only authors from whose writings I had deduced the principle, which formed the main argument of the Essay, were Hume, Wallace, Adam Smith, and Dr. Price ..." Chapters 1 and 2 outline Malthus' Principle of Population, and the unequal nature of food supply to population growth. The exponential nature of population growth is today known as the Malthusian growth model. This aspect of Malthus' Principle of Population, together with his assertion that food supply was subject to a linear growth model, would remain unchanged in future editions of his...
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...the face of internal and external shocks that are faced from time to time. For developing economies like Bangladesh with significant underemployment/under exploitation of production factors, stimulating higher growth is imperative for rapid reduction and eventual elimination of endemic poverty, and is therefore an overriding priority. The stimulus provided by monetary policy in accommodating the growth aspirations must not however jeopardize macroeconomic stability and future growth; and the pursuit of monetary policy comprises of various supportive measures to attain the highest sustainable output growth while adjusting smoothly to internal and external shocks that the economy encounter from time to time. History and Objectives of Bangladesh Monetary Policy Objectives of the monetary policy of the Bangladesh Bank as outlined in the Bangladesh Bank Order, 1972 comprise of attaining and maintaining of price stability, high levels of production, employment and economic growth. In the decades of seventies and eighties, monetary policy in Bangladesh was conducted with full direct control on interest rates and exchange rates, as also on the volumes and directions of credit flows. The situation began changing in the nineties with the abolition of directed lending and gradual liberalization of interest rates; the change process culminating in transition to market based exchange rate of Taka from 31st May 2003. From then on, interest rate and exchange rate are both market...
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...Poverty increasing rates during the last 10 years have been an issue in Canada in general, and a huge one for aboriginal communities on the reservations and in their territories. This is brought to mind because of a recent surge in suicide attempts in the Cree community which has drown a national attention to the effects of poor living conditions on First Nation's children. The reality is that these children live in poverty, and the situation is getting worse. The most recent available data from the national household survey was last updated back in 2011, and it shows that child poverty rates in aboriginal communities living on the reserves rose to staggering 60% in 2010 (MacDonald, Wilson. 4) The indigenous child poverty at the reservations is structural and systematic: it reveals a history of racism that goes back to the time of colonization. Canada's long history of residential schools and the under-funding of basic services on reserves have left aboriginal communities experiencing living conditions many would expect to see only in developing countries, not in a rich nation such as Canada. Too many aboriginal children live in abject poverty, and in many cases, without hope of improved prospects in the future....
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...repression”-Oscar Romero El Salvador is a country plagued with gangs and poverty due to overpopulation. This is a country that has been in a constant struggle to maintain a stable government ever since their civil war from 1980-1992. It has been a constant struggle for El salvador to deal with old issues from that dark time and new ones that are arising because of it.. Gangs have taken over the small country of El Salvador and poverty continues to be a problem for the civilians. Even after the Civil War, El Salvador is recovering slowly from the destruction left from the war.The inequality of social classes, poverty,and military rule led Salvadorans to revolt against their own government. El salvador’s downfall first began in 1932, when the Central American Socialist Party was created. The peasants replied with...
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...floods, droughts, rainfall and extreme temperature. Research over the past few decades has done much to clarify the evidence that global climate is changing and these changes are largely due to human influence. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),(2014) linked the risks of climate change to the increase in emission of greenhouse gas through human activities resulting from increased in population and economic growth. According to World Health Organization (WHO), (2014) the increase in human activities has impose dextra force on the climate system, most especially the burning of fossil fuels result in the emission of greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide. They accumulate and cause extra heat on the surface temperature, increasing the climate variability and influencing climate change.As the atmosphere accumulates energy, it yields to the increasing greenhouse gas concentration causing climate change and extreme weather that may lead to natural disasters; heatwaves, storms, cyclones, floods, and droughts. The impacts of climate and extreme weather on human activities are numerous ranging from agricultural to social to industrial production.Disaster events such as storms, floods and landslides are responsible for more than half all of natural disasters occurring in Europe since 1980....
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...A. Introduction Hong Kong has been transformed from a city of poor migrants in the 1960s to one of the most affluent and influential cities in the world in the 21st century. Despite Hong Kong's impressive economic achievements, many people remain poor, especially the elderly. Increasingly also there are single parent families, the sick and disabled, and the unemployed. A group which experiences sever difficulties is new immigrants from China. These families suffer considerable hardship. As a result, Social Security becomes an important issue in Hong Kong. Social Security is societal and collective measures to provide financial and psychological security to people of the community against certain risk in and contingencies of life, especially when certain life-risk and contingencies can hardly be resolved by individuals' effort. The typical examples are retirement, accidents, misfortune, maternity, illness, death, poverty, disability etc. One of the aspects of social security measures is income protection at times of poverty, especially provide support for the immediate needs of the people. Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) in Hong Kong is an example. Social security can also diversify the risks and redistribute the resources within the society. It functions as a social insurance scheme. Attaining the goal of mutual help. Furthermore, social security likes a retirement scheme distributing the resources over one's lifetime. The Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF)...
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...POVERTY: A GLOBAL ISSUE Charles Williams Introduction to Sociology – SOC100 October 29, 2011 1. Describe how society defines poverty. Poverty is a condition in which a person or community is deprived of, or lacks the essentials for a minimum standard of well-being and life. Since poverty is understood in many senses, these essentials may be material resources such as food, safe drinking water, and shelter, or they may be social resources such as access to information, education, health care, social status, political power, or the opportunity to develop meaningful connections with other people in society. Poverty is the state for the majority of the world’s people and nations. Behind the increasing interconnectedness promised by globalization are global decisions, policies, and practices. These are typically influenced, driven, or formulated by the rich and powerful. These can be leaders of rich countries or other global actors such as multinational corporations, institutions, and influential people. In the face of such enormous external influence, the governments of poor nations and their people are often powerless. As a result, in the global context, a few get wealthy while the majority struggle. Poverty is also characterized by a chronic shortage of economic, social and political participation, relegating individuals to exclusion as social beings, preventing access to the benefits of economic and social development and thereby limiting their cultural development...
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...Write an analysis of causes of Africa internal conflicts (1000 word) INTRODUCTION Conflict usually occurs primarily as a result of a clash of interests in the relationship between parties, groups or states, either because they pursuing opposing or incompatible goals. Although the term war is sometimes used as a synonym for conflict, it is more usual to restrict the meaning of war to violent conflict, involving armed forces. But like war, conflict is and has been throughout history a normal way of conducting disputes between political groups within human society. As David Weeks puts it, “conflict is an inevitable outcome of human diversity and a world without conflict is not desirable, because it would mean a world without diversity.” Africa is a diverse continent – diverse in ethnic, religious and socio-cultural terms. The 1990s saw no diminution in the number of conflicts in Africa, and most forecasts predicted further increase. While Africa has had its share of inter-state wars, the majority of its conflicts were internal, and these internal conflicts appear to be increasing, as elsewhere. A tragic factor in this is that the civilian populations bear the brunt of the casualties in such conflicts, estimated at some 80-90 per cent of total casualties across the world. These conflicts cause not only casualties and refugees but contribute vastly to the spread of disease, malnutrition and starvation, social and economic decline and moral deterioration. AFRICAN CONFLICTS AND...
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...cities. However, cities are where the action is. Therefore, new subfield of anthropology emerged, urban anthropology, emphasizing issues of the cities in undeveloped and industrialized countries. This might be due to the reason that anthropology aspires to study universals and wider perspective of human condition. And also cities represent a ‘gateway; to fieldwork which mainly takes place in towns, peasants villages, rural areas etc. Gateway, not just in a physical sense of airports, train & bus stations, but also in sense of communication, expertise (universities, academics etc.), government etc. Although, to interpret issues of cities, the slums, & shanty towns can be done only in terms of forces which lead people to migrate from the countryside. 1. There are a lot of questions studied by both anthropologists and sociologists related to comparative studies of cities and understanding human ways. These phenomena are those of comparison of urban experience in underdeveloped countries. For instance, issues like kinship ties and stresses of urban life and its effects of crowding on aggression and frustration. Thus Anderson argues, on this topic, that due to cultural ways of dealing with crowding the pathological effects on urban Chinese living in Hong Kong are minimized. More importantly, Gideon Sjoberg, created so-called idealized model of the preindustrial cities, in other words, cities of antiquity. One can say that ancient’s city was of government and religion...
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...operations for the victims of the recent typhoon. It may seem evil that we didn’t help them especially if we are not affected by the typhoon at all. We deprived them from the help they needed. Another example is smoking. Smokers deprive themselves from having good health. Smoking can be seen as something evil, but in reality we’re not doing anything against God’s commandments. Sin is always evil, because we do things that are against God’s commandments, which is the basis of being good. Corruption is a good example of this, because we’re stealing from our neighbors. Another example is disobeying your parents and answering back to them. These two situations can be seen as something evil. Corruption deprives the people from the benefits that they are entitled to for the taxes that they are paying. The second situation deprives our parents from the respect that they deserve. These situations are also sins, because they violate the Ten Commandments of God, which is the basis of what is really good. 2. The free will of human beings is not the root cause of sin. It is separation from God that causes sin. Free will is a characteristic. It is the ability to survive and adapt in a dynamic creation. Every human being has this feature, to the extent that we may understand “will” as the appetite of a faculty. Separation from God simply results in the uncertainty, and therefore the self-determinacy of each and every human being. Physical and moral evil, although they usually occur on...
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