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Arthropoda Research Paper

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Evolution of Arthropods
Introduction
Phylogenomics is a crossing between the studies of evolution and genomics. This field of study focuses on the analyses of genome data and evolutionary reconstructions. In regards to arthropod evolution, Phylogenomics rebuilds an arthropod tree where the monophyletic Arthropoda splits into Pycnogonida & Euchelicerata and Myriapoda & Pancrustacea. With respect to the interrelationships of the three existing clades of Panarthropoda, a sister group relationship between Onychophora and Arthropoda is supported by RNA transcripts and microRNAs, although this hypothesis forces the occurrence of the same derived character in unrelated taxa, so in characters of the segmental ganglia that are shared by tardigrades …show more content…
Arthropod palaeontology has nearly continued with the same pace, with discoveries from preserved fossils providing information on the earliest stages of arthropod history and the transition from non-arthropod Ecdysozoa to crown-group euarthropods. Konservat-Lagerstatten translates to Conservation Lagerstatten, which is a concentration and conservation of sedimentary deposits of fossils. This paper will continue the discussion of arthropod evolution using sister groups, fossils, and divergence as …show more content…
The relationship of Arthropoda and Onychophora within this presumed clade, named Panarthropoda, is not widely debated, but the third member, the Tardigrada, has been rather less justified, especially in phylogenomic studies. An attraction between tardigrades and nematodes was a recurring theme of multilocus and transcriptomic analyses, which resolved tardigrades with nematodes under some analytical conditions and, conflictingly, grouped them with pan arthropods under alternative conditions. Reanalysis of data sets that have generated the tardigrade–nematode group, coupled with an expanded sampling of genes, showed that signal for that group increases under conditions expected to exacerbate long-branch attraction, whereas conditions designed to counter this kind of systematic error found increased support for the alliance between tardigrades and other Panarthropoda (Edgecombe and Legg 2014). The phylogenomic analysis was congruent with the topology (Tardigrada (Onychophora +Arthropoda)) and the discovery of unique microRNAs in that study supported the same groupings. Thus, from a molecular perspective, monophyly of Panarthopoda and a sister group relationship between onychophorans and arthropods are the best supported

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