...time published “The Brick Moon” in The Atlantic Monthly. It is a imaging fiction talking about development and explore of an artificial satellite. On the other hand, this is perhaps the first treatment of space habitats idea in writing. In 1903, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the space pioneer, research about rotating cylindrical space colonies and plants fed by the sun, in Beyond Planet Earth (Kenneth Syers. Oxford, 1960). In the 1920s John Desmond Bernal and others research about giant space habitats. In late 1950s and 1960s, Dandridge M. Cole research about hollowing out asteroids and then rotating them to use as settlements in various magazine articles and books, notably “Islands In Space: The Challenge...
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...The Apollo project was a series of space flights dedicated to getting American astronauts on the moon. It was run by NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Apollo was a follo-up to NASA’s Project Mercury, which had put the first American into orbit around the Earth. Apollo officially began in 1961, after President John F. Kennedy declared that the U.S. would put a man on the moon during the 1960s. To give more background information, the country was involved in the Cold War. In October of 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1—the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth. That marked the beginning of a space race, an informal competition between the superpowers to see who could do more with space technology. The Soviets...
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...The real reason Apollo missions made countless trips out of space was because they were in competition with Russia. We wanted to get to the moon first to prove we were more worthy than the Russians, who'd scared everybody with Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite, and Yury Gagarin, the first human in orbit. Russia was achieving things out of space that the United States weren’t. President John F. Kennedy refused to keep coming in second so he helped fund extra money to NASA and insisted that they try to land a man on the moon before the decade was over. NASA didn’t want the President looking crazy making promises that he couldn’t keep to the Country so they tried their hardest to come up with the best spaceship and the best plan to get us on the moon. On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly in space, even though he didn’t quite actually make it to the actual moon that was more than the NASA had ever traveled. On July 21st, 1969 achieved their goal of landing Americans on the moon. At 2:56 UTC, Neil Armstrong became the first astronaut ever to walk on the face of the moon. Additional flight objectives included scientific exploration by the lunar module, or LM, crew; deployment of a television camera to transmit signals to Earth; and deployment of a solar wind composition experiment, seismic experiment package and a Laser Ranging Retro reflector. During the exploration, the two astronauts were to gather samples of lunar-surface materials...
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...being destroyed on its way to the moon. He also invented the Whipple shield which was designed to help protect spacecraft from space debris. During 1954, Dr. G. M. Clemence believed that the probability that one or more small satellites revolving around the Earth closer than the moon were “very good.” He reasoned that they were moving too fast to be captured by usual photographic methods and that they were concealed in Earth's shadow most of the time. In...
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...Every incredible moment in history has been certainly on the internet, which has then been followed by many conspiracy theories, the Apollo moon landings are doubtlessly one of those moments. On July 21, 1969, two astronauts set foot on the lunar surface, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. Since then, NASA has been accused of staging the landing at a soundstage in Hollywood despite all of the compelling evidence to the contrary. The iconic photograph of Buzz Aldrin going down the ladder of the lunar module Eagle, caused many conspiracy theorists to claim that they could have taken the photo using an artificial light source. They were right, but, Nvidia, a computer graphics chipmaker proves a new digital reconstruction of the Apollo 11 landing...
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...According to some scientists, the moon is not a natural satellite rotating around Earth but actually an artificial one. Furthermore, some believe that beneath the lunar surface is a hollow society developed by aliens. Of course, no proof of this exists yet but the evidence continues to grow. MOON CONSPIRACY GETS ATTENTION OF SCIENTISTS There are various conspiracy theories out there but per pass one of the most interesting is the Hollow Moon Hypotheses. In the past, some have thought Earth's satellite was made of cheese or maybe not even real at all. Scientists have easily dismissed those ludicrous claims but the concept of the hollow Moon is beginning to gain traction. Unlike past conspiracies, there seems to be some evidence dating back...
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...as The Brick Moon by Edward Everett Hale illustrate how little was actually known about outer space, and the physical and practical limitations humans must overcome to escape Earth’s gravity. The Brick Moon is a science fiction short story written in the 1800s and it is one of the first known writings to describe the construction and launch of not only an artificial satellite, but also a space station (Wikipedia, 2011). The story The Brick Moon outlines some of the building blocks for modern day space technology and travel but the approach used in the book is impractical for real world application. The Brick Moon is written from the perspective of one of the main characters and recounts how he and his friends planned, funded, constructed, and eventually launched a satellite or manmade “moon” into space. The purpose of the Brick Moon was to act as a navigational aid for ships at sea. The idea was based around the North Star, which sailors used as a guide to determine their latitudinal location; the inventors wanted to launch the Brick Moon to orbit along the Prime Meridian so that sailors could just as easily gauge their longitudinal location (Hale, 1869). The characters even go so far as to consider the possibility of launching multiple moons to form a ring like Saturn’s around the Earth, but rather than running horizontally it would run vertically. Multiple moons would ensure that at any given time and at any given place on Earth at least one of the moons would be visible...
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...The Space Race was a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in space exploration from 1957-1975 . The Cold War rivalry between the two nations focused on being firsts in space exploration to show a sign of superiority. The Space Race involved launching satellites, suborbital and orbital human spaceflight around the Earth, and manned flights to the Moon. It first began with the Soviet Union’s launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite on October 4. 1957, and ended with the Apollo-Soyuz human spaceflight mission in July 1975. The Apollo-Soyuz project symbolized an easing in the relationship between the Soviet Union and the US. The Space Race was originally a missile-based arms race that occurred just after the end of the World War 2. The Space Race all began in Germany during the beginning of the 1930s and continued during World War II when Germany researched and built ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets hoping they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and going long distances. The head of the German Army's Ballistics Branch, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, created a team of engineers to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles' ban on research and development of long-range cannons. At the end of the war, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers...
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...June 20, 1969, the Apollo 11 moon lander set down on the moon, a moment frozen in time just the same as the footprints frozen on the surface. Although, that is not exactly what happened; humans did not land on the moon in 1969. The supposed first man to walk on the moon, Neil Armstrong, delivered a famous quote known as “That’s one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind” (FACT CHECK). One of the main reasons why America was pushing to put a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s was to further the Cold War between America and Russia and hopefully make amends, this included a space race between the two nations. (Moon Landing) Many people are unaware and have never been informed that there were ten unsuccessful attempts to the moon before Apollo 11....
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...film you can see that the risk and tenseness of his film has a lot of suspension. The setting of this film is has been made so it is the same as Shakespeare, apart from the fact that he S I Romeo is supposed to be in an orchard but instead he is in an over grown garden beneath Juliet’s balcony. The screen play in this film is very tense and the suspense in the film is very dramatic. This is because the garden is so close to her balcony and you wonder if she would here Romeo climbing through all of the trees. The setting in this made it very realistic because in the period of time that this film was set, you wouldn’t expect a big and artificial setting, so in this film they only have the moon light and the candle light coming from the house. This gives the feeling that it was at the end of the party and that Juliet is supposed to be in bed. The moon light makes the whole scene seem very romantic and tense. With the candle light Romeo can see Juliet but she can’t see him, it is almost like there is a spot light on Juliet. The movement in this is very minimalistic; this is shown by Juliet leaning over the edge of her balcony, and Romeo hiding in the trees until he speaks to her. The casting of the film was very much the same as Shakespeare would’ve had it, Juliet is very young and Romeo is also very young. The costumes help create this effect because Juliet Is in a very tight white dress this shows purity and Romeo is still in what he wore to the party. All of the costumes are very...
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...on July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong stepped foot on the moon. He was not only the first human, but the first American in doing so. The race to the moon ended on that day and the United States proclaimed as the victor among their immediate competitor, the Soviet Union. Over the next 4 years, an additional eleven men would leave their footprints in history, all similar Neil, being American. Since then, countries all over the world have attempted to surpass the U.S. for a chance at being first in space exploration and development. None has been a bigger competitor for the U.S. than Russia. Because of the advances the United States has and continues to make, the...
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...The Moon Landing On the day of July 20, 1969 the United States of America accomplished a colossal feat that astonished the world. After years of trial and error the United States of America was able to beat all odds and all other countries in putting a man on the Earth’s moon, two men to be exact. Neil Alden Armstrong, the first man to lay his feet on the moon’s surface and Edwin Eugene “Buzz” Aldrin Jr. who shortly followed became symbols of America’s self-proclaimed superiority. The controversy of this topic lies in many questions. What events took place that led up to the moon landing? Who was involved? How and why did we put a man on the moon and be the first? History itself can give us these answers but there is also one question that seems to still have people talking to this day and that is, did it really even happen or could it possibly be the United States of America’s greatest hoax? The Cold War began approximately in 1945 at the end of World War II. The United States, Great Britain and some other allied counties decided they wanted to contain communism in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R) and China. Although the United States of America and these communist enemies did not get in any physical battles during this war there was definitely a lot of unspoken threats and the flexing of muscles between the two super powers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. One of the two biggest contests or “races” between the two countries began when...
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...THE UNIVERSE When we look up in the night sky we can see the stars and the moon. And because it is natural to be curious, we ask questions and we want answers. When our view was limited by what our eyes could see, the sky was our Universe. Then the telescopes deepened our view, photography enhanced it, and spectroscopy broadened it. The universe grew from a sky of stars to a realm of galaxies, to an expanding universe of galaxies. Many people believe that nature, the sun and moon, the star, even human beings never had a beginning. There is an endless, external cycle of birth, life and death that constantly repeats itself and it never began and will never end. In the Book of Genesis in the Bible, it was written that at first the world did not exist and that God is the only one who existed. So He created the world. The universe is the totality of everything that has ever existed. It is so large that it contains billions of stars, and all of the planets, galaxies and all of space. The study of the universe is called Cosmology. Traditional Views about the Universe 1. Geocentric Universe Greeks believed that the earth was a sphere that stayed motionless at the center of the universe or the geocentric (Earth-centered) view. Orbiting the earth were seven wanderers (planetai in Greek) including the sun, the moon and the known planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Greece was centered as the “Golden Age” of early astronomy. Claudius Ptolemy created the book Almagest...
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...gathering berries and nuts, were facing a lack of food. A giant monolith appeared on Earth one day and began to experiment with many of them, probing and developing their minds. Among those in whom the monolith took an interest was Moon-Watcher, the only man-ape who walked fully upright. At night, a few select man-apes were taught and during the day, they innovated. Moon-Watcher discovered that he could fashion tools with which to kill animals for sustenance—the man-apes' hunger problem was solved. Time passed and the man-ape evolved. His brain grew, he invented language and organized into civilizations, and he invented weapons—first knives, but then guns and finally nuclear missiles. Such innovations had been central in man's dominion over earth, but "as long as they existed, he was living on borrowed time." Eager to embark on another space mission, Dr. Heywood Floyd arrived at the Florida launch location after meeting with the president. He offered no comment to the press, nor would he reveal the details of mission to the crew that served him so faithfully on board or to his Russian friend whom he encounters at the joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. space station, a stop on his journey to the Moon. Upon his arrival, Floyd is greeted by a top official of the Moon colony and whisked off to a meeting. A lead scientist explains that they had found a magnetic disturbance in Tycho, one of the Moon's craters. An examination of the area had revealed a large black slab, called Tycho Magnetic Anomaly-One...
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...Squidoo – Squidoo has an interesting blog post on why this author believes that the 1969 moon walk was a hoax. With many reasons to back up this argument, this writer uses many scientific and image-proven facts to get this point across. The article is broken down into the following categories, and is able to give evidence for each topic: 1960’s Technology, Time Frame, Photographic evidence analysis, Astronauts on wires, footage we weren’t meant to see, and so on. If you like reading articles that make you question your once strong beliefs, take a gander! Moon Hoax News – Moon hoax News is a blog dedicated to covering the latest in the hoax’ news over the years. Running since 2007, this site is dedicated to these beliefs. This site encouarges readers to delve into their own investigations of the hoax. Covering current issues about the Obama administration to modern day UFO spottings, this blog’s range of topics will keep you browsing. The Conspiracy Behind The Apollo Space Mission – This basic article written by Greg Scott, from the archives of articlebase.com, throws out the obvious (and not so obvious questions to those who are new to the topic) questions such as: Is there a breeze on the Moon? What Happened to the Stars? Keeping it simple, Greg states that it is only fair to be equally critical to both sides of the argument, and “like most conspiracy theorists, proponents of the hoax theory use lots of faulty evidence and misleading pseudo-science.” World History Blog...
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