History In 1869, Edward Everett Hale first time published “The Brick Moon” in The Atlantic Monthly. It is a imaging fiction talking about development and explore of an artificial satellite. On the other hand, this is perhaps the first treatment of space habitats idea in writing. In 1903, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the space pioneer, research about rotating cylindrical space colonies and plants fed by the sun, in Beyond Planet Earth (Kenneth Syers. Oxford, 1960). In the 1920s John Desmond Bernal and others research about giant space habitats. In late 1950s and 1960s, Dandridge M. Cole research about hollowing out asteroids and then rotating them to use as settlements in various magazine articles and books, notably “Islands In Space: The Challenge …show more content…
Most mirror geometries require something on the long term space travel to be aimed at the sun and so attitude control is necessary. People need to absorb energy from the sun all the time and keep away from the damage from the sun to themselves.
Designs and Solutions A human breathes about 9.5 tons of air per year, but oxygen only be 23 percent parts of that air, in gravity, and people only use a little over a third of the oxygen from each breath. That works out to a total amount of around 740kg of oxygen in a year. Which means, seven or eight trees can support (Luis Villazaon, 2015). The required oxygen also can be obtained from rock. Nitrogen is recycled nearly perfectly. Nitrogen in the form of ammonia may be obtainable from other planets or the moons of outer planets. As for food production, one proposed recycling method is start by burning the plants, garbage with air in an electric arc, and distilling the result. The output includes the carbon dioxide and water. They can be immediately used in agriculture. The nitrates and salts in the ash would effectively recycle as fertilizers. Other minerals could be chemically purified in batches or reused industrially. But this method is only a proof exist in NASA …show more content…
It was proposed in 1929 by John Desmond Bernal. His original proposal described a hollow spherical shell 16km in diameter, with a target population of 20,000 to 30,000 people. The Bernal sphere would be filled with air (Devil Bernal, John Desmond, 1929). In 1975 and 1976, as a series of studies held at Stanford University, for the purpose of research on designs for future space colonies, Dr. Gerard K. O’Neill proposed Island One, a modified bernal sphere with a diameter of only 500m rotating at 1.9 RPM to produce a full Earth artificial gravity at the sphere’s equator. The result would be an interior landscape that would resemble a large valley running all the way around the equator of the sphere. Island One is designed to provide a satisfied living and recreation environment for a population of around ten thousand people, with a “Crystal Palace” device used for agriculture. Sunlight was to be provided to the interior of the Island One using external mirrors to direct it in through large windows near the poles. The form of a sphere was chosen for its optimum ability to contain air pressure and its optimum ass-efficiency at providing radiation shielding (O'Neill, Gerard K, 2000). O’Neill envisioned the next generation of space traveler as larger version of Island One, which called Island Two. Island Two would be approximately 1800 meters in diameter, yielding an equatorial circumference of nearly six and a