...In 1859, The United States-Japan Treaty of Amity and Commerce came into effect (Dower 3), ending Japan’s long period of isolationism and bringing not only commercial exchanges in boomtowns like Yokohama but also cultural exchanges that would spark an artistic movement. The opening of the ports in Japan was a result of external pressures from other nations, including the United States’ president at the time, Millard Fillmore, and the Unites States Navy Commodore Matthew Perry. Upon doing so, the West was exposed to the beauty of the art of the Japanese ukiyo-e. The ukiyo-e became influential to the Impressionist movement in Europe which inherited several of its key components from the Japanese artists. To determine the extent of the importance...
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...societies. Japan is an island nation in East Asia. It is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The Japanese culture has expanded its horizons in many countries and regions. In special, Brazil, where the Japanese immigrants represents the second biggest Japanese descendent group out of Japan. Its values and habits has an important presence in Brazilian territory. One of the important aspects of this culture is the Japanese food. Japan has a rich culture of arts, architecture, literature, music, etc. Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture, ink painting and calligraphy on silk and paper. Japanese ceramics are among the finest in the world and include the earliest known artifacts of their culture. In architecture, Japanese preferences for natural materials and an interaction of interior and exterior space are clearly expressed. Since Japan is very far away from Maldives, collecting information was mainly from the internet and library. Introduction Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it borders China, North Korea, South Korea, Russia, Taiwan, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, and the East China Sea. It is an archipelago of 6,852 islands, most of which are mountainous and many are volcanic. Figure 1: Japan The government system is a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy. The chief of state is the Emperor and the head of government is the Prime Minister. Japan has a...
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...Analysis of the Authors Interpretation of Postwar Japan and Purpose in the Writing of “Reckoning with War in the Museum” In “The Reckoning with War in the Museum”, Laura E. Hein paints a picture about postwar Japan through her summary depicting the history of the then freshly built Modern Art museum, Kamakura, founded just after World War II. The Kamakura Museum of Modern Art was established in 1951 by Kanagawa Prefecture, led by assistant director Hijikata Teiichi, and designed to create a new institution that would exemplify a democratic aesthetic as well as inhibit Japan from repeating such a devastating war. The curators sought for a museum that embodied both the concept that artistically Japan was an exact copy of modern Europe and the idea of a single national civilization in Japan. This is significant because this was all occurring around the time when Japan was still under the Allied Occupation. The occupation aimed to make japan into a peaceful democratic country from 1945-1952. During this time, Japan’s people were very stressed out with changes affecting every bit of their lives including changes in disarmament, liberalization, democratization, modernity, and the overall stress to reach perfection as an Asian country with other countries watching their every move. However, Japan was also unified by the strong aspiration to avoid repeating this disastrous experience. For example, as Laura Hein states, “postwar Japanese saw their task as reshaping Japanese society...
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...societies within Australia. The purpose of this research was to not only discover how exactly Japanese culture is recognised within Australian society today; but also to identify how Australians have gravitated towards the culture in general, allowing for major aspects to become part of their everyday life. The start of this research began to look at past views of Japan in Australia (which covered the White Australia Policy, and attitudes during and after World War II), and contrasted this with Australians present day perspectives of Japan. The research then continued to look at traditional cultural aspects of Japan such as; Japanese dining and mannerisms, sport, religion and spirituality, and visual arts, and then continued to discuss exactly how these aspects have impacted and influenced Australia and its members of society. The findings of this research reached a conclusion that although Japan was once perceived extremely negative by Australians, its influence within the Australian wider community is not only undeniable, but immensely beneficial and constructive to society. Introduction The culture of Japan is a multi-layered and intricate system that has been developed and sustained for over thousands of years. The Japanese culture combines both ancient and contemporary aspects, allowing it to become one of the most prestigious and influential civilisations. Due to this, the Japanese culture (and its traditions) has become increasingly prevalent in non-Asian countries...
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...Jacob D’Alessandro Museum Art Assignment Professor Huntington April 29th 2014 The Daiitoku Myoo “King of Wisdom” was an important figure to the Heian period of Japan during the late 12th century and followed along with the idea of Buddhism and the continuation of Japanese styled art. During the development of Japan culture the Japanese went through many eras of changes in art and religion that led up and developed the Heian period. These eras were called the Jomon period which dated between 10,500-300 B.C. during this era clay ceramics were used especially in the northeastern portion of Japan, the Yamai period also used clay figurines. The Kofun Period was different because the “Government had developed centralized and could control the flow of resources from outlying regions to its center near Nara on the island of honshu”(Pearson Richards 5). They establishment of Haji made with a coil and slab technique. In the Asuka period they started importing three colored ware from china. However once Japan developed into the 8th century (Heian period) the establishment of dark color and green ware were seen in Japanese culture art work. Now what was the Heian period? There were to different era’s of this time the early Heian period and the late Heian era. The earlier stage of the Heian era is characterized by “attempts to the incorporate Chinese influence”(Shoten18). There was a distinct difference in the later Heian era regarding the style of the Japanese art. The works of the early...
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...When asked to describe the differences between late Japan and China it is likely that a great deal of people will prove unable to name major defining attributes that separate the two neighboring countries in their respective cultures. While Japan and China are very similar in some ways, and throughout history have been known to borrow everything from ideologies to cuisine from each other, it is important to note that there is an insurmountable amount of differences between the two countries across the board. This essay will be focused on addressing some of these major differences within the art of the countries during their later periods starting with the Ming Dynasty of China and the Muromachi period of Japan. It was under the Ming Dynasty,...
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...Case: Japan – Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages, 1998 Facts: Japan has imposed a higher tax on imported vodka than that of the local manufactured shochu, an alcoholic beverage. The US, Canada, and the EU view this as a violation of GATT Article III, paragraph 2, which states imported products should be taxed the same as similar domestic products. Japan and the US want this to be interpreted according to an “aim-and-effect” test. Japan also does not believe vodka is a similar product to shochu and the tax on the alcoholic beverages did not violate Art. III:2 because its the tax/price ratio was neutral. Procedure: World Trade Organization, Dispute Settlement Panel Issue: 1- Can the aim-and-effect test be applied to this situation? 2- Are vodka and shochu similar products? 3- Will a neutral tax/price ratio be sufficient enough to meet the Art. III:2 requirements? Holding: (1- No, 2- Yes, 3- No) Japan has to bring their taxes on alcoholic beverages into compliance with Art. III:2. Reasoning: (Lacarte-Muro, Bacchus, and El-Nagga) A. Rule: Art. III:2 has a requirement for all WTO members which states that all states should enforce the same internal taxes on products as they do on similar domestic products. Similar products have to follow the principles of paragraph 1. Art III:1, which states taxes cannot be enforced to protect a domestic production. Similar products are determined one case-by-case basis with familiar end-users and the same physical characteristics. ...
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...Province" portrayed village life in Japan before an outside influence cultivated change. A Lovely view of Mt Fuji, softly painted scenery, and dream-like people bring together the essence of village life. Another example of a painting supporting the idea is “Kakitsubata (Iris)” which, explains and narrates, a much similar time in history. A third painting, “True View of the Post Office at Edobashi” enclosed here will bring to light the introduction of westernization into Japanese culture via traditional life. “Industrialization went hand-in-hand with political and cultural Westernization.” (Dower, 1) A fourth painting, “Illustration of Ladies Sewing,” depicts the use of a modern machine. Does Japan seem resilient to change or does it embrace it? Again, two of the paintings suggest heavily that Japanese culture remained similar up to a certain date. The other example is a painting that is opposite of what was previously portrayed. While Japanese Village Life progressed at a normal rate; regardless of western influence, Western culture influenced how Japan went from a traditional way of life to a more modern way of life. Although, Japan kept many of its cultural identity; despite the western influence. Leichleiter 2 | “Enoshima in the Sagami Province”By Katsushika Hokusai | In the painting, ‘Enoshima in the Sagami Province,’ artist Katsushika Hokusai observed a scene worth painting and interpreted it as such. He was able to produce his art in an incredible time known as the...
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...so he went on to drink all the water from the pot that was how tea is found (Liu, 2012). In Tang Dynasty, the Chinese tea and tea culture was spread to eastern countries, especially Japan. Though tea originated in China, but it was carried forward in Japan. Nowadays, tea has become a famous drink in the world. There are many types of tea in China and Japan. The main Japanese tea is Sencha, Genmaicha and so on. (Stevens, 2013). In China, the Green tea, Black tea, Oolong teas are very popular. There can be various mixtures of flowers with green tea, black tea and oolong tea (Liu, 2012). In China, tea can be used as a gift for business and etiquette. However in Japan, tea is a kind of art. Japanese tea art is famous all over the world. In my portfolio, I will compare and contrast the Chinese and Japanese tea types. The quality of tea and tea arts. As I am a tea lover, I would gain more tea knowledge about the two types of tea and its culture. 2. Background information At first，tea was valued for its medicinal qualities. It has long been known that tea aids in digestion, which is why many Chinese prefer to consume it after their meal. Tea hastens the discharge of nicotine from the body, this is an interesting side effect for smokers who like drinking tea. Chinese tea culture has been spread to Japan in the Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty (581-601) by some monks who studied...
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...When comparing two different cultures, art may be used to bridge gaps as well as solidify separation between the two cultures. Cultures express themselves through the art they produce. In specific, Japan and South America share many similarities and differences in the historical context, symbolism, form, and content of their artworks. The Japanese respected nature, disciplined themselves mentally and religiously, and practiced a specific religion, Shinto, collectively as a country, and their art displays those things. The South Americans were made up of several different subcultural societies, who practiced their own religions and were very rhythmic with the natural and supernatural worlds. The forms of art used by these two cultures shed light...
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...beings such a small island Japan is actually has a huge cultural impact on the world. Most of it's early cultural has been influenced by other countries and empires mainly China and has since the early B.C era of times has evolved into the prosperous culture we have today. Japan today is rich and diverse and unique from any other Asian country and culture today. In Ancient Japan before the the establishment of city states, Japan was no different from any other early civilization were they had many hunter gathering villages and tribes. The men in this culture typically Hunted and the women stayed at home and harvested and domestic work. The thing that make Japan so unique is that other early civilization did not put such a heavy influence on pottery and art like the early Japaneses did. This period in Japaneses history is known as the Jōmon period. Art in this era is consisted of pottery and vases decorated in many beautiful gems such as Jade. Even there weapons had an artistic appeal to it. This early Art influence has molded Japan into the innovative country it is today. The Heian period is noted as the peak of Japan ancient culture were its art and literature are still a very influence part of today's culture. During this time the Chinese involvement in Japan had reduced to a minimal and many Chinese invention were expanded upon and made better and more useful. This advancement of already useful goods is tradition that still has strong impact in japans culture today. With the...
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...Geisha “Gei” means arts or performances, and “sha” means people of Japanese. When we think of geisha’s what comes to mind are women dressed in bright clothing culture clothing, white painted faces and a dainty walk. What we don’t consider is the lack of emotion, strict code of silence and secrecy. Geisha, just like prostitutes are trained to have a strict code of silence and protectiveness toward their clients. Elderly geisha could be considered Madams, who provided training to new recruits. Over the centuries, elderly geisha have also developed a deeply routed tradition of secrecy. Elderly women behind the mask have fulfilled a destiny rooted in Japanese history. Although associated with prostitution, many modern day women continue to seek this tradition. My research however, revealed contradictory information on whether or not geisha were actually prostitutes. The majority of my research material stated geisha actually started as men jesters and musicians who entertained in brothels. This continued until 1751 when the first document record of female geisha appeared. Most documented material on geisha treated them as images of lovely passive girls whose purpose was solely in male entertainment and pleasure or as prostitutes or courtesans. During the time period of 1751 it was not uncommon for actors to double as prostitutes. It was also not uncommon for Meiji government officials to select geisha for their wives. It is still said that geisha inhabit a separate...
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...Running head: HEALING ART Healing Art Student Name Strayer University BUS520 Professor Name Date Healing Art Splashes of Hope is a growing company that creates therapeutic art and alternative methods in healing. The artists at Splashes of Hope provide inspiration and hope to patients who otherwise would be viewing a blank wall while receiving chemotherapy. The custom-made murals are a therapeutic distraction technique in pain management in a healthcare setting. The artwork installation on entrance doors and in elevators lobbies also welcomes patients. Globalization Splashes of Hope is blossoming and growing into an international organization. They receive requests for custom artwork and prints to be installed from facilities throughout the United States and the world. Splashes of Hope is doing research to find a country to expand their business and manufacturing process. Expansion in a country high in creativity and manufacturing skills is the next stage. The human resources department views Japan as a leading country of choice for the globalization of Splashes of Hope therapeutic art division. Japan has a long history of adopting of imported ideas (Japan painting, 1994). They established a copying process ranging from emulation to synthesis (Japan painting, 1994). The majority of the labor force would consist of routine intensive labor. Evaluation and understanding of communication practices and cultural differences between the United States and Japan will insure success...
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...JAPAN III. Geographical setting A. Location- Island in East Asia B. Climate-Tropical in south to cool temperate in north C. Topography-mostly rugged and mountainous IV. Social institutions A. Family 1. The nuclear family- Close relations with immediate family 2. The extended family- Not so close of a Relationship 3. Dynamics of the family a. Parental roles b. Marriage and courtship- 4. Female/male roles (changing or static?) B. Education 1. The role of education in society a. Primary education (quality, levels of development, etc.)- High quality, mostly all public b. Secondary education (quality, levels of development, etc.)- High quality, students tend to start going to private c. Higher education (quality, levels of development, etc.)- High quality, students mostly attend private university 2. Literacy rates- 99%: Men=99.9% Women=99.7% C. Political system 1. Political structure- Constitutional monarchy 2. Political parties- Liberal Democratic Party & Democratic Party of Japan 3. Stability of government- Relatively Stable but high turnover of Prime Ministers 4. Special taxes- Income, Enterprise, Property, Consumption, Vehicle Related, Liquor, Tobacco, Gasoline, and Income Taxes 5. Role of local government D. Legal system 1. Organization of the judiciary system- Summary Courts, District Courts, High Courts, Supreme Court 2. Code, common, socialist, or Islamic-law country? - Code 3. Participation in patents, trademarks, and other conventions E...
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...The Heavenly Horses Exhibit: Two Thousand Years of Chinese and Japanese Equine Art which runs from June 14, 2014 to February 22, 2015 at the Bowers Museum chronicles approximately two thousand years of aesthetic representations of the horse in Chinese and Japanese culture. The prominence of the horse to Chinese and Japanese art, on the one hand, demonstrates the extent to which the horse functions as a crucial element of these societies, both on a practical level, present in the lives of these people, and on the level of the symbolic, representing various norms and motifs fundamental to these societies. The choice of the horse as object for artistic representation demonstrates the aesthetic beauty of the horse, making it such a consistent choice for the themes of artists from these cultures. From another perspective, however, these two points are thoroughly interrelated in the long tradition...
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