...ships on Tokyo Bay on July 8th, 1853. In order to understand the tense relationship between the U.S. and Japan, there needs to be a historical background. Using Walter LaFeber’s “The Clash” as a basis to this historical background until America’s entrance into World War II. Before jumping into the 1990s, a discussion about Japan’s economy after 1945 and Shintaro Ishihara’s argument that Japan will be first among equals. Shintaro Ishihara argues that Japan’s technological advancement should be used to control over...
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...Paper, I will be discussing the role of Japan in WWII as well as the short term and long term consequences of said role. Today Japan and the United States are close allies, but from 1941 and 1945, they fought a bitter and bloody war-Why did they fight this war? The answer to that question, from the American perspective is simple: the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. The Americans were angry at the Japanese for their invasions of first Manchuria (1931), then China (1937), and later French Indochina (1940). After the Japanese moved into Indochina, President Roosevelt ordered a trade embargo on American scrap steel and oil, on which the Japanese military depended. But the American people felt that Asia was far away, and a large majority of voters did not want to go to war to stop Japan. The surprise attack on the Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 changed this, outraging was the prevailing sentiment among Americans, along with a pretty unanimous belief that it was time to go to war with Japan. Why did Japan decide to attack the United States? This question is a little bit more complicated. Japan was fully aware of the fact that the United States was economically and militarily powerful, but it was not afraid of any American attack on its islands. Japan did worry however, that the Americans might help the Chinese resist the Japanese invasion of their country. When President Roosevelt stopped U.S. shipments of steel and oil the Japan, he was doing exactly this: the Japanese...
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...The Western Exploitation of Japan, China, and India History is filled with stories of one culture influencing and exploiting other cultures. Perhaps the greatest example of this is the Western exploitation of Asia. Throughout the nineteenth century various Western powers used their might to exploit the country of Japan. Japan however was not alone in this unfair treatment; China and India were also subject to Western influence. However, the way these influences took place differed in a variety of manners. While Japan and China underwent similar events, with a forced end to isolation and unequal treaties, India was completely taken over by foreign powers. Japan was ever wary of foreign influences to its culture; since the beginning of the seventeenth century the Tokugawa Shogunate had enforced a strict isolationist policy. By the mid-ninteenth century Japan had become too valuable of an economic foothold for the West to leave be. In 1853, President Millard Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew Perry to end Japanese isolationism. When the Japanese government saw the smog-belching, technologically superior, battleships pull into the Tokyo harbor they knew they had no choice but to give into any demands the Americans made. This led to the first of many unequal treaties, the Treaty of Friendship, which opened up several ports to American trade and established an American consulate. The first consul, Townsend Harris, forced even further concessions with the Harris Treaty in 1854. This...
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...dropped on Hiroshima by an American B-29 bomber. The decision to do so has become one of the most controversial topics in scholarly debate. The two major arguments among historians, such as Herbert Feis, Barton Bernstein and Martin Sherwin, are that on the one hand, the atomic bomb was dropped to end the war with Japan and on the other, that the bomb was dropped by the Truman administration to make the Soviet Union more manageable. I am in more agreement with the latter and this essay will argue that the decision to drop the atomic bomb was an American attempt to inhibit Soviet diplomatic ambitions rather than an attempt to bring the war to a quick end. The American decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan was without doubt influenced by the desire to end the war since that is what it accomplished. Truman assured after the bombs had been dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki that “the dropping of the bombs stopped the war and saved millions of lives.”[1] The dropping of the atomic bombs prevented an American invasion on Japan, the approximate cost for this exceeded $500,000 and more than a million lives would have been lost. Herbert Feis argued that many in the Truman administration believed that a land invasion of Japan would not have been sufficient enough to cause Japan to surrender quickly and unconditionally and thus Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb was a quick solution to ending the war with Japan and a way to prevent further loses of American lives. This argument is...
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...AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT RELATED TO COMMON PROBLEMS OF CHINA, JAPAN AND NORTH KOREA This paper identifies some common issues that East Asian countries are struggling to deal with and how they are unique in some aspects and similar in others to problems that Western nations face. This paper focuses on the countries of China, Japan and North Korea and look primarily at the issues that arise from these nations’ struggle to shape their national identity on the world stage as well as how these nations are dealing with the ever increasing force of globalization. This paper also looks at the role that the United States plays in shaping or dealing with these issues, as well as how an American citizen might play a role in perpetuating or resolving these dilemmas. Through this work it should be made more clear what problems East Asian nations share and reveal that they must deal with them in a way that is both uniquely domestic but also influenced by factors that arise from the United States and other International actors. Common Problems in China, Japan and North Korea and American Involvement There are two major dilemmas that are addressed in this paper that are shared by these three nations. The first can be identified as an issue of International Sovereignty where these countries all have a vested interest in exerting their will in the international arena but all have limited ways of making this happen. Associated with the issue of establishing their sovereignty ...
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...the world beyond its origin. Anime in essence, is distinctly unique and easily distinguishable from “Western Cartoons” including the style of art, but most importantly the depth of plot due to the fact that much of Anime is influenced directly by Japanese culture. Death, angst, violence and the complexity of human emotions are frequent in Anime which helped its influences to stretch to adult audiences, broadening their market for all age groups. Some key models and figureheads of Anime include Osamu Tezuka, referred to as “the father of Anime” and Hayao Miyazaki, both of whom greatly helped achieve the success of Anime even outside of Japan. Conventions celebrating Japanese Animation is becoming more common, one of the biggest outside of Japan being Anime Expo in Los Angeles, the largest fan-base convention in North America with forty thousand attendees each year. Despite the variety of criticisms and hardships that Anime has received through time since its beginning in history, its influence has endured and thrived, and progresses its way to continually grow bigger to spread outside of Japan and to the rest of the world. First, there is great significance in understanding the difference between Anime and Western Animation to help support how Anime has benefited from their overall...
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...Discuss the nature of Japan prior to arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry in mid-1800s. (i.e. What was Japan's attitude toward outsiders? Did they openly welcome merchants, traders, missionaries, etc. from other countries?) Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States Navy sailed into Tokyo harbor aboard the frigate Susquehanna along with two steamers and two sailing vessels on July 8, 1853. Perry, who represented the U.S. government went to talk and forced Japan to enter into trade with the United States. Perry demanded a treaty which would allow trade and the opening of Japanese ports to the U.S. merchant ships. This took place during the era when all Western powers were seeking to open new markets for their manufactured goods. They also wanted to find new...
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...As you may know, different management styles are required in different parts of the world. It is important to choose the right management style for each situation, which is a key to success for an organization. All managers use a management process which consists of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. So they have to perform many roles in an enterprise. What they can do with various situations will totally depend on their style of management. A management style is an overall method of leadership used by a manager (Lessem et al, 1999). This essay will first demonstrate different types of management styles, and then discuss three key factors that can influence management style, with reference to Japan and America. Each of the management style below has its unique features and if they will be well understood and used, they can give scope to maximum effect in the specific field. In daily management, there are usually four management styles. The first is autocratic management style (Wallace et al, 1988) which also called instructive management style. In instructive management style, managers give instructions to the subordinates or teams about what to do, how to do, when to do in every possible way without getting any opinion or suggestion. The management behavior module is: I come to decide what you would do. It might save time when making decisions, but it could lessen the motivation of the staff. Autocratic management style may be suitable in circumstances when a quick...
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...which have in turn impacted the culture itself. The automobile industry is one of the largest technological industries that have developed in Japan. The growth of the automobile industry in Japan has had both positive and negative effects on the Japanese culture. The Japanese culture in 1950 prior to the accelerated growth of the automobile industry was complex and comprised of practices and institutions which developed based upon both ancient beliefs and contemporary influences. Ancient beliefs were a result of spiritual ideas, and internal political and economic structures that developed over time on this island nation, for the most part isolated from the western world until the 1800s. Western political and economic influences had an effect the culture thereafter. Spiritual beliefs in Japan are primarily an outcome of the influence of Shintoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, with some impact made by Christian missionaries who arrived on the island in 1600s. Shintoism, the earliest religious belief system of the indigenous people of Japan, is the belief that spirits that abide in natural elements (kami) influence all aspects of daily life. Buddhism, brought to Japan from China in the mid sixth century, first introduced the idea of the afterlife and the possibility of rebirth through spiritual progress. Confucianism also brought to Japan during the same period, lead to the development of...
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...China’s workforce is four times the size of American’s. If China’s productivity approaches American level and Chinese workers become one quarter as productive as American workers, the two nations’ GDPs will be equal. That is what’s happening. China’s economic fundamentals give no reason to assume that China’s growth will stop. It’s political system is under pressure and probably have to evolve but there is also no reason to assume that this cannot happen in a way that allows China’s economy to keep growing. He concluded that China most likely will overtake the United States to become the largest economy in the world in the next few years. As China’s economic growth is translating into growing strategic and political power, it is no longer willing to accept the status quo and US as the sole leader in Asia. Fear and honor, as White argues, are the mainsprings of rivalry between United States and China. China fears that if America remains the leader in Asia, it will use its power and position to limit China’s growth, constrain its influence and undermine its political system. America fears that if China becomes more powerful, it will push America out of Asia, threatening America’s global position. The military balance between America and China is critical to the choices America must make about its role in Asia. China has expanded its sea-denial capacity, which enables it to deny the American navy access...
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...quotation may be taken to mean something different for both cultures; namely, the United States and Japan. Much of this has been influenced by worldwide events that happened following the 19th century in both countries. Both nations have since prospered, and we are currently seeing a joining of both cultures. In fact, neither the West nor the Eastern country of Japan may be distinguished one from the other any longer. They have truly made the most of this new global environment where we find ourselves today. Almost all non-Western cultures have been influenced by the mores of the West, including countries in Asia. In general, this means that many of these cultures are becoming influenced by Western cultures, namely that of America. For example, in many Asian nations McDonalds and other American influences like Starbucks and clothing stores are coming to their countries. They are being influenced by Western culture, hence the "decentering of culture." What’s more, I spent some time in Japan a few years ago and was surprised to see such a preponderance of Western society in an area that was so far from home. However, the decentralization of Asian culture may go both ways, meaning that although we in the U.S. have influenced Japan greatly, so have they made significant gains on our shores. One only needs to review popular culture to see the effect of Japanese style on American youth. This includes such items as cinema, Pokemon, anime, pop music, television dramas such...
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...express themselves through the art they produce. In specific, Japan and South America share many similarities and differences in the historical context, symbolism, form, and content of their artworks. The Japanese respected nature, disciplined themselves mentally and religiously, and practiced a specific religion, Shinto, collectively as a country, and their art displays those things. The South Americans were made up of several different subcultural societies, who practiced their own religions and were very rhythmic with the natural and supernatural worlds. The forms of art used by these two cultures shed light...
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...Q1. ans: They were descendants of Japan’s first indigenous people. They were self-sufficient fishers, hunters, food collectors, and lived in permanent villages. they were also considered non-humans. Q2. ans: The Russo-Japanese War was 110 years ago. The war killed upwards of 125,000 people, and limited Russian influence in Northeast Asia. The shogun and the bakufu were warned to be prepared for the trouble that came from the outside world. Q3. ans: China already had some knowledge about Europeans, but the change was in 1543 when the portuguese were the first europeans to arrive in Japan, creating a great impact, because of firearms, which were unknown. In Japan the portuguese also reseted trade, the first global trade since they had a lot of outposts and forts linking Japan and Europe for the first time. But the the Bakufu in Japan decided to expel all the foreigners....
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...growing into an international organization. They receive requests for custom artwork and prints to be installed from facilities throughout the United States and the world. Splashes of Hope is doing research to find a country to expand their business and manufacturing process. Expansion in a country high in creativity and manufacturing skills is the next stage. The human resources department views Japan as a leading country of choice for the globalization of Splashes of Hope therapeutic art division. Japan has a long history of adopting of imported ideas (Japan painting, 1994). They established a copying process ranging from emulation to synthesis (Japan painting, 1994). The majority of the labor force would consist of routine intensive labor. Evaluation and understanding of communication practices and cultural differences between the United States and Japan will insure success in expanding the business in Japan. Language and Communication Differences The official language of Japan is Japanese. Despite of the importance Japan culture within the global economy, comparatively few Americans speak the language. The Japanese language has no true ties to any other linguistic family. In addition, Japanese writing is significantly more complex than the writing of...
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...Wrestling Observer Hall of Fame 2015 – The Role of Historical Influence Emphasised on Wrestling Observer Hall of Fame ballots are the notions of value to the industry, trend-setting, and positive historical significance. All of these criteria may lie within the broad domain of "influence", however, much like the majority of the non-drawing related Hall of Fame criteria, a great deal is left to the voter's interpretation. How did historical context affect the success of a performer's run? Did the legacy the candidate leave result in further creative, artistic, and monetary victories in the business? Did the candidate perhaps define a role, and if so, would it have come about or been drastically different without them? These are all natural...
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