...organization of South Asian nations, which was established on 8 December 1985 when the government of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka formally adopted its charter providing for the promotion of economic and social progress, cultural development within the South Asia region and also for friendship and cooperation with other developing countries. It is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. ASEAN:- The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam then joined in 1984, Viet Nam on in 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN. * Objective of research project:- SAARC:- * It aims at increasing people to people contact and sharing of information among the SAARC members. * It encourages active collaboration in economic, technical and scientific fields * It promotes qualiy of life and economic growth in the region. ASEAN:- * To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation. * To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional...
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...ASEAN Vision Vision statement can be a great asset to just about any type of organization. The vision statement takes into account the status of the organization and serves to point the direction of where the direction of where the organization wishes to go. The vision statement helps provide mission of the corporation business or non- profit entity. There are six vision of ASEAN, which is A Concert of Southeast Asian Nations – envision the ASEAN region to be, in 2020, in fully reality, a zone of peace, freedom and neutrality, as envisaged in the Kuala Lumpur Declaration of 1971., A Partnership in Dynamic Development – will forge closer economic integration within ASEAN. A Community of Caring Societies - an ASEAN community conscious of its ties of history, aware of its cultural heritage and bound by a common regional identity, and lastly is An Outward-Looking ASEAN – playing a pivotal role in the international forum, and advancing ASEAN’s common interests. We envision ASEAN having an intensified relationship with its Dialogue Partners and other regional organization based on equal partnership and mutual respect. The challenges and purpose solutions There are four challenges that appear to the ASEAN Vision. The four challenges to the ASEAN vision is that some business people will lose out. This is will touch on the failure to achieve the failure to achieve the production efficiency. Second challenge of the ASEAN is lies in convincing the relevant agencies of each country to...
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...Sangeeta Dutta ASEAN (The Association of Southeast Asian Countries) was established on 8th August 1967 in Bangkok by the five original member countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, and Philippines. In 1984 Brunei Darussalam joined ASEAN followed by Vietnam in 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar in 1997 and Cambodia in 1999. It is a geo-political and economic organization of ten countries located in Southeast Asia. The main objective of ASEAN is the acceleration of economic growth, social progress and cultural development of its members along with the promotion of regional peace. Originally, ASEAN was meant to be an association of countries engaged in nation building. The end of World War II saw the emerging of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Singapore as sovereign independent nations. Nation building was often vulnerable to foreign intervention. It was important for the governing people to have free hands to conduct their policies without interference from neighbouring countries. Small countries like Singapore and Brunei are always in fear of the influences exerted by bigger neighbouring countries like Indonesia and Malaysia. ASEAN was established to ensure sovereignty stayed resolutely located at the national level. The primary principle of ASEAN was noninterference. ASEAN is open to the participation of all States in the Southeast Asian region which are willing to subscribe to its aims, principles and purposes. ASEAN aims to represent...
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...October 2011: 1 | | Cabinet approves Bill to share mining profits | * Mines and Mineral Development and Regulation (MMDR) Bill, 2011 * Provides for mining companies to keep aside 26% of their net profits for a Mineral Development Fund to be used for development and rehabilitation of project-affected people in the tribal areas of the country * For the non-coal companies, amount will be equivalent to the royalty they pay * Appointed a regulatory body for overseeing the functioning of the mining sector and measures to tackle illegal mining | Maoist problem in West Bengal | * In Jangalmahal region of West Bengal * Maoists: Operations by security forces and peace talks cannot go together. | Yasin Malik's arrest sparks protests | * After police detained JKLF chairman Mohammad Yasin Malik for taking out a rally against the death sentence awarded to Afzal Guru | Court allows export of unused endosulfan | * SC has allowed the export of unused stock of endosulfan. * But the ban on use and production of the pesticide will continue | FDI in beekeeping | * GOI allowed 100 per cent FDI in beekeeping, also known as ‘apiculture' under automatic route * Other areas in which the permission has already been given: * Plantation * Horticulture * Seeds * Cultivation of vegetables and mushrooms * Animal husbandry * Pisciculture * Aquaculture | 2 | | Neelima's application for visa rejected | * American Consulate in Mumbai rejected Magsaysay...
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...of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) On 8 August 1967, in Bangkok, five governments in Southeast Asia established a political and economic organization, namely the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with preliminary concerns about Communist intrusion among the region. The founding members comprise of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. ASEAN, later, aimed to increase the economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region, and promoting regional peace and stability under the motto “One Vision, One Identity, One Community.” ASEAN was opened for participation by all states in the Southeast Asian region sharing the same aims, principals and purposes. Therefore, Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999. ASEAN, recently, consists of 10 member states, is seen as a successful model for developing countries that promote peace, stability and integration. ASEAN covers a land area of 4.46 million square kilometers, which is 3% of the total land area of Earth, and has a population approximately 600 million people, which is 8.8% of the world’s population. The sea area of ASEAN is about three times larger than its land counterpart. In 2011, ASEAN combined nominal GDP had growth to US$ 2.07 trillion, with the average per capital income of US$3,416 a year. In 2010, intra-ASEAN trade was 25.4% which was slightly higher than...
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...The future of tourism in ASEAN Introduction With the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War, there was no longer a pressing need for ASEAN countries to fear their Communist neighbours such as Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. These countries had started to abandon central planning and implement market-oriented economic reforms from the early 80s, changes which had significant implications for trade and investment opportunities and indicated the need for enlargement of the ASEAN regional grouping in order to maintain its relevance (Wong, Mistilis & Dwyer, 2011a). The momentum to expand ASEAN was further accelerated by the need to strengthen the region’s voice in international trading bodies such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, the World Trade Organization, and in negotiations with the European Union (Tan, 2003). Between 1995 and 1997, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (CLMV) joined ASEAN. They are sometimes referred to as newer members with less-developed economies. With the ASEAN Concord II in late 2003, Southeast Asia charted an ambitious path toward creating a community (AC) founded on economic, security and socio-cultural pillars. In contrast to the EU on which the agreement is loosely based, have rested on open dialogue and concensus processes that have allowed politically and economic diverse nations to cooperate at the regional level. The progress of on ASEAN Concord II will rest on strong regional diplomacy and management...
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...ECIPE OCCasIOnal PaPEr • no. 2/2010 REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN ASIA: THE TRACK RECORD AND PROSPECTS By Razeen Sally Razeen Sally (razeen.sally@ecipe.org) is Director of ECIPE and on the faculty of the London School of Economics www.ecipe.org info@ecipe.org Rue Belliard 4-6, 1040 Brussels, Belgium Phone +32 (0)2 289 1350 ECIPE OCCASIONAL PAPER ExECuTIvE SuMMARy This is the season for regional-integration initiatives in Asia. There is talk of region-wide FTAs, and there are east-Asian initiatives on financial and monetary cooperation. But grand visions for Asian regional blocs are not achievable. Regional economic integration is most developed in east Asia, but only because of manufacturing supply chains linked to global markets. South Asia is the most malintegrated region in the world. And east and south Asia are much less integrated in finance than they are in trade and FDI – due to highly restrictive national policies governing financial markets. Asia’s existing FTAs are “trade light”. They are largely limited to tariff cuts, but have barely tackled non-tariff regulatory barriers in goods, services and investment, and are bedevilled by complex rules of origin requirements. An APEC FTA initiative has gone nowhere – entirely predictable given such a large, heterogeneous grouping. An east-Asian or a pan-Asian FTA, by discriminating against third countries, would compromise regional production networks linked to global supply chains. Moreover, huge economic...
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...2009 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC) The Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC) is a detailed classification of industries prevailing in the country according to the kind of productive activities undertaken by establishments. The 2009 PSIC was patterned after the UN International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev. 4, but with some modifications to reflect national situation and requirements. The PSIC was revised to (1) reflect changes in economic activities, emergence of new industries, and the structure of the economy (2) to take into account the new technologies employed which affect the organization of production and shifting of economic activities and (3) to realign with the ISIC revisions for purposes of international comparability. The PSIC serves as a guide in the classification of establishments according to their economic activity useful for economic analysis. * It serves as a framework for data collection, processing and compilation to ensure uniformity and comparability of industrial statistics produced by various entities in both government and private sectors, including those involved in statistics and research activities. * It provides an effective mechanism for the integration of large numbers of statistics being collected for decision-making and policy formulation. * It serves as a basis in the construction of input-output (I-O) table. * It provides a basis for anticipating the emergence of new industries ...
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...ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations | The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional trade arrangement. It is also possible to hear about AFTA, that means the ASEAN Free Trade Area. We can start by a reminder of what is a trade arrangement? This is a pact, which includes a wide ranging tax, tariff and trade arrangements including investment guarantees. Today, the ASEAN counts ten Southeast Asian countries. It is important to notice that it was established on the 8th August 1967 in Bangkok, with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, which are Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. The five others members entered lately, Brunei, Burma, Vietnam, Laos and the last one Cambodia. The date of its creation is known as the ASEAN day. Moreover we can add that the motto of ASEAN is the following: "One Vision, One Identity, One Community". Let’s answer to few questions in this presentation. First of all, we will see what the ASEAN is in detail, that means the structure (Charter, structure, summit, chair, secretariat). Then, how is it useful ? What are its goals? We will continue with key figures and statistics, to finish with the opportunities and future projects. I/ WHAT IS ASEAN? HOW IS IT ORGANIZED? * THE ASEAN CHAIR Each year the ASEAN chair changes, it is a rotation between the ten Member States. The chosen country is in charge of the chairmanship during the ASEAN Summit, the ASEAN Coordinating Council...
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...Regional Perspectives on ASEAN - the United States Enhanced Partnership By Endra Introduction The signing of the ASEAN declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand marked the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As the regional organization, the top priority of ASEAN is to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region. Later on other countries in the region also joined this organization as follows; Brunei Darussalam in 1984, Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar (Burma) in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999. The ten-member organization is enhancing partnership, not only nations in the region, but also outside the region, especially with the United States (US). The relationship between ASEAN and the US has entered its fourth decade of partnership. Since the first engagement in 1977, both sides have experienced the ups and down of partnership. This relationship will become more significant as it broadens the sectors of partnership in the future. Initially, starting with economic and development cooperation, the enhanced relationships, with cooperation on politic, regional security, counter terrorism and transnational crimes, has achieved a new era of “comprehensive partnership.” For the next decade, regional development in Asia Pacific will require the partnership to become more comprehensive. Several key issues in the region...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PeeLeaf is a brand of chocolate bar with candied peels and leafs on the inside. The product will be launched locally in 2013 by Cadbury, a subsidiary of Kraft Foods Inc., the second largest confectionery company. This presentation includes business review, environmental analysis, customer segments, marketing objectives, sales promotion, marketing strategies, controls and projected financial statement of PeeLeaf in the Philippines. In 2010, total imported chocolate sales equaled to 3 billion pesos and expected to increase significantly due to better economic conditions. Cadbury is highly confident that their new product will be successful in the Philippines for the years to come. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Strengths Cadbury is a company, which is reputed internationally as one of the topmost chocolate provider in the world. The brand is well known to people and they can easily identify it from others. Cadbury, one of the world leaders in chocolate, is well-known force in marketing and distribution. Users have a positive perception about the qualities of the brand. Fruits and Vegetable Peels and Leafs prices are considerably lower than Cocoa, thereby, decreasing the cost of production. Availability of wide variety of pack seizes, which provided the consumers with several different options based on their level of disposable income. Sales and marketing is year-round, with an increased focus during the...
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.... The country’s 16 provincial governors are appointed centrally, and in turn appoint district chiefs in a chain of administrative positions from the top down. Only the village head is elected, from a list of candidates drawn up by the district chief. The LPRP has influence at all levels of government. It has party cells in each ministry and in all provincial administrations. This characteristic of Lao PDR politics and government often presents a chalenge fortimely and informed decision making. Fairly routine administrative or technical decisions are frequently seen as political and are referred to senior officials who are busy with many responsibilities. Four official mass organizations function under LPRP direction: the Lao Front for National Construction, the Federation of Lao Trade Unions, the Lao Women’s Union and the Revolutionary Youth Union. The government has an official policy of people’s participation, and there have been pilot projects in local participatory planning mechanisms. However, these initiatives are still incipient and there is little significant popular participation in policy issues to date. The government is also predominantly male, with the only exception in the National Assembly, which is 25 percent female—a higher percentage than in a number of industrialized countries. The national average for women’s participation at all levels of government is 1.6 percent. On average, less than 5 percent of LPRP members are women, and there is only 1 woman...
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...the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the GMS5 countries (GMS countries minus Yunnan province in China) and China entered into the ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Under the ACFTA, each country is obligated to implement gradual tariff reductions for the exports of ACFTA partners. As a result of the commitments made in the ACFTA, tariff rates of Chinese exports to GMS5 countries have been lowered, as have been the tariff rates for exports from GMS5 countries to China. An analysis of trade flows before and after the ACFTA has shown that trade between China and the GMS5 countries has increased significantly since the signing of the ACFTA, in particular for goods whose tariff rates were reduced under the ACFTA. A similar trend can be observed in the trade relationship between China and Cambodia, although some Cambodian exports eligible for lower tariffs have seen relatively slow growth due to difficulties faced by exporters in meeting China’s import standards for agricultural products such as cassava, live animals and fish. These findings suggest that the ACFTA has been a significant driver of the rapid expansion of trade between the GMS5 countries and China, at least for products that do not have to comply with extensive health and food safety standards. Relative First, China is a huge and dynamic economy, and its growing demand for goods and services from ASEAN could serve as a new engine of growth. ASEAN looks to China as its future primary export...
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...FDI IN ASEAN AND SAARC: A COMPARISON OF THE TWO MAJOR TRADING BLOCKS Foreign direct investment Foreign direct investment is a foreign investment that establishes a lasting interest in or effective management control over an enterprise. Foreign direct investment can include buying shares of an enterprise in another country, reinvesting earnings of a foreign- owned enterprise in the country where it is located, and parent firms extending loans to their foreign affiliates. International monetary fund (IMF) guidelines consider an investment to be a foreign direct investment if it accounts for at least 10 percent of the foreign firm's voting stock of shares. However, many countries set a higher threshold because 10 percent is often not enough to establish effective management control of a company or demonstrate an investor's lasting interest. Entities making direct investments typically have a significant degree of influence and control over the company into which the investment is made. Open economies with skilled workforces and good growth prospects tend to attract larger amounts of foreign direct investment than closed, highly regulated economies. FDI is the sum of equity capital, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown the balance of payments. FDI usually involves participation in management, joint-venture, transfer of technology and expertise. There are two types of FDI: inward and outward, resulting in a net FDI inflow (positive or negative) and "stock...
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...The East Asia’ Regional Economic Integration Tutor: Griffith, Edward Student ID: 20647046 Student Name: Hong Xu (Eric) Word Count: 2369 Date of Submission: 18/1/2016 The East Asia’ Regional Economic Integration In the past twenty years, the East Asian economies realized the freedom of foreign trade and direct investment (FDI) because of the influence of GATT/WTO and APEC and as a result, it further promotes the economic growth of East Asia. The mutual economic dependence of each countries has increased a lot and therefore, close economic cooperation among Asian countries is necessary for healthy economic development. Many countries try to deepen their cooperation by establishing agreement and carrying out negotiation or discussion (Kawai 2004). Besides, the East Asian countries want to have their own institutions where they have vital voice in decision making after the financial crisis. As a consequence, the regional economic integration become an inevitable trend. The structure of this essay is organized as follows. The first part of this essay will discuss the driving forces of...
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