...sustainable economic growth, countries and regional bodies are focusing on the drivers for local growth within the different economic spheres. An important group for driving growth is local actors as one of the key stakeholders in this process. Ideally these partners should come from the government, private sector, civil society and community groups. This is to enable inclusion of all stakeholders involved and for collective responsibility. Governments mainly have been under pressure to build or realign institutions to function at local level and to create policies for their stakeholders that are inclusive. For the developed countries, focus is on allowing for bottom-up approaches like the Enterprise Zones and Local Enterprise Partnerships while for developing countries with large informal economies and weak institutions, the approaches vary partly due to failed policies in the past and the slow economic growth. On the international scale, development organisations have been tasked with coming up with better ways of dealing with particular regions characteristics to avoid the ‘one size fits all’ approach that previously existed. This has been deemed to be a more effective way of achieving sustainable growth. (UN Habitat, 2009) However the issue around how effective this is and its measurement still remains an enormous uphill task for these partnerships. This has been difficult also due to the fact that in every aspect of development plans, partner countries and organisations are being...
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...Abstract The high poverty incidence is a problem of many countries that needs immediate attention. The government is expected to be taking measures on this issue. In addressing this situation, regulations should be passed. There is a need for an evaluation of the effectiveness of such solutions. This paper will tackle the poverty situation as it exists in the city of Hong Kong. Focus is on leading factors that cause poverty. An assessment of the effectiveness of the programs being implemented by the government is made. Some reports show that in general, the government’s actions are not sufficient to eliminate poverty. They also suggest that the existing ordinances only to serve as temporary remedies. Key words: poverty, absolute poverty, strategies, poverty threshold Social Security and Sources for Social Welfare Introduction What is poverty? There is a dilemma on how the concept of poverty is defined. In fact, there is no single universally accepted definition of the term since the situation varies widely across different countries. People coming from different places proposed their perspectives on the meaning of poverty. They present varying ideas on poverty, but they have something in common. One view is that the term poverty is something that restricts a person’s freedom. It is also seen as a limitation to acquire the necessary resources enough to live a normal life. Another view is that poverty is a situation that strips...
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...PG0-008 MAY 16, 2011 TEACHING NOTE Grolsch: Growing Globally Case Synopsis Grolsch reassesses its international strategy in light of the company’s recent acquisition by SABMiller, the world’s second largest brewer. Grolsch was the 21st largest global beer brand, sold 51.5% of its volume in international markets, and exported to 70 countries. However, its poor profitability in international markets, four countries alone accounting for two-thirds of foreign sales, and churn of markets and distribution partners raised concerns about the company’s international strategy and execution. Grolsch’s 60 years of history in foreign markets provides a rich backdrop to introduce a range of international strategy topics including: performance assessment, rationale for expansion, market selection, and choice of entry mode. Suggested Assignment Questions 1. Why did Grolsch globalize, and how well has it performed internationally? 2. What are the key elements and limitations of its emphasis on adaptation, in particular? 3. What lessons does Grolsch’s history afford about where to compete? What, specifically, do you think about the MABA process? 4. What lessons does Grolsch’s history suggest about how to compete in the markets targeted— particularly about modes of entry? 5. What other changes would you suggest to Grolsch's historical strategy? 6. Will the merger with SABMiller add value—or will it be a win-lose deal? Teaching Objectives This case...
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...International Strategy Assignment ¼ What are the main benefits that your company enjoys due to itsinternational presence? What are the keychallenges your company faces due to its international exposure ? First major benefit Sanofi Aventis enjoys from international presence is Economies of Scale. International expansion means access to a larger market and implies higher potential sales as well as manufacturing volumes. Research and Development of new products incorporate the most important fix cost for pharmaceutical companies. The general industry trend suggests that although non-R&D costs have declined recently, the cost of bringing new product to a market rose in two-digit rate and this development will continue (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/nov/21/pharmaceuticals-drug-research-costs-rise). Therefore the efficiency gains resulting from higher production level are even more crucial. Another benefit Sanofi Aventis enjoys is improved responsiveness to customer needs. The demand for pharmaceutical products is increasing around the globe, especially in BRIC countries. Therefore it was essential to establish international network of sites and sales channels in order respond to demand in flexible and timely manner. Additionally in order to ensure the product effectiveness it is sometimes important to conduct trials with local population that share characteristics distinct from other regions. Next important benefit are the location advantages. The sites Eastern Europe...
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...Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Final Report November 2005 Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Jens Henrik Haahr with Thomas Kibak Nielsen, Martin Eggert Hansen and Søren Teglgaard Jakobsen www.danishtechnology.dk jens.henrik.haahr@teknologisk.dk This study was carried out on behalf of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Education and Culture. Views expressed represent exclusively the positions of the authors and do not necessarily correspond to those of the European Commission. Contents Index 1. .......................................................................................................................... 2 2. 3. 4. Executive Summary................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Education Systems and Basic Skills................................................................. 4 1.2. Student Background Characteristics and Basic Skills.................................... 10 1.3. School Characteristics and Basic Skills ......................................................... 13 1.4. Individual Student Characteristics and Basic Skills....................................... 17 1.5. New Analysis and Data Collection Activities................................................ 19 Introduction........................................................................................
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...Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Final Report November 2005 Explaining Student Performance Evidence from the international PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS surveys Jens Henrik Haahr with Thomas Kibak Nielsen, Martin Eggert Hansen and Søren Teglgaard Jakobsen www.danishtechnology.dk jens.henrik.haahr@teknologisk.dk This study was carried out on behalf of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Education and Culture. Views expressed represent exclusively the positions of the authors and do not necessarily correspond to those of the European Commission. Contents Index 1. .......................................................................................................................... 2 2. 3. 4. Executive Summary................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Education Systems and Basic Skills................................................................. 4 1.2. Student Background Characteristics and Basic Skills.................................... 10 1.3. School Characteristics and Basic Skills ......................................................... 13 1.4. Individual Student Characteristics and Basic Skills....................................... 17 1.5. New Analysis and Data Collection Activities................................................ 19 Introduction....................................................................
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...Nelson College London | Course title | Unit number and title | BTEC HND in BUSINESS | Unit 7 : Business Strategy | Student name Student ID | Assessor name | | | Date issued | Completion date | Submitted on | 12th May, 2014 | | | | | Assignment title | Business Strategy | Assignment Brief Study of business strategy is vital for managers. Different strategic & audit tools help the managers to make appropriate strategic decisions for their respective businesses. Here, in this assignment, different strategic & audit tools along with various analysis methods have been covered. Theoretical framework of aspects of business strategy has been developed with appropriate examples in order to achieve all the assessment criteria. Task 1: Understanding the Process of Strategic Planning 1.1. Explaining Strategic Contexts & Terminology Organizations come to businesses with certain targets. They want to see themselves in certain expected positions in a certain period in future. They have certain goals & reasons behind their existence in the market & they identify definite means to accomplish them. These things can be expressed using different terminology - Mission: Companies have definite mission statements. The mission statement clarifies the purpose of the company for which it has entered into the market. In a nutshell, mission justifies the firm’s existence. (OREGAN, N and Ghobadian, A, 2002) According...
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...International Journal of Selection and Assessment Volume 17 Number 3 September 2009 Guidelines and Ethical Considerations for Assessment Center Operations1 International Task Force on Assessment Center Guidelines2 This document is an update of several prior editions of guidelines and ethical considerations for assessment center operations dating back to 1975. Each set of guidelines was developed and endorsed by specialists in the research, development, and implementation of assessment centers. The guidelines are a statement of the considerations believed to be most important for all users of the assessment center method. For instance, the use of job-related simulations is a core concept when using the method. Job simulation exercises allow individuals to demonstrate their abilities in situations that are important on the job. As stressed in these guidelines, a procedure should not be represented as an assessment center unless it includes at least one, and usually several, job-related simulations that require the assessee to demonstrate a constructed behavioral response. Other important areas include assessor selection and training, using ‘competencies’ as dimensions to be assessed, validation, participants’ rights, and the incorporation of technology into assessment center programs. The current guidelines discuss a number of considerations in developing and using assessment centers in diverse cultural settings. 1. Purpose staff of an assessment center; and (4) guidance on the...
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...Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, New York, USA Abstract Purpose – The choice of which country or countries to enter is a critical decision and needs to be made with considerable care and deliberation. Initial market entry decisions have typically focused on country evaluations based on macro-economic data. While appropriate in providing an initial screening of countries, other factors, notably contextual factors, can provide important insights in assessing international market opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of context at four distinct levels. Design/methodology/approach – The literature on the influence of context on consumption and purchase behavior is reviewed to provide a framework to understand contextual factors as a means to refine entry strategy and develop effective segmentation strategies. Findings – A wide range of contextual factors exert influence on consumption choices and contribute to within-country heterogeneity. These are typically examined at the macro-level, but also need to be examined at the meso-level, micro-level and situational level to fully assess market opportunities and establish viable market segments. Practical implications – Examination of contextual factors provides a richer and deeper understanding of which international markets to enter and which segments to target. Within-country cultural diversity, dramatic economic and regional disparities and marked differences in the infrastructure...
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...only use your university e-mail account to contact me. I will not reply to e-mails sent from private accounts. MODULE SUMMARY Global Marketing Management is the discipline of planning, organising and managing marketing resources on a global basis, to achieve an organisation’s specific marketing objectives. Marketing is regarded as a key area of management in both the private and not for profit sectors. This module examines how theories and methodologies of marketing management can be applied to ensure long-term success for organisations. AIMS The aims of the module are to: • to appreciate the importance of marketing as a management discipline in ensuring the long-term success of organisations across the ‘not-for-profit’, public sector and private sector business arenas and across the globe • to develop an understanding of marketing management in the broadest sense, of how marketing management approaches may have to be modified when seeking access to international markets and to be able to adopt a robust and objective approach to management decision making in both a domestic and in a global context • to appreciate the importance of culture in the formulation of and success of global marketing activities and to examine marketing ethics in a global context LEARNING OUTCOMES On successful completion of the module you will be able to: • appreciate the central importance of the marketing concept and of market drivers as interpreted through market research and analysis and...
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...Assessment M.Sc. Global Banking & Finance Alternative Investments Lecturer: | John Diamondopolus | Module: | Alternative Investments | Submitted by | Josip Sestan, Chetanna Chukwudum | Submitted: | 06.04.2014 | Content Tables III Figures III Abbreviations IV 1 Overview of Hedge Funds Strategies 1 2 What are Emerging Markets and why are they so important? 2 3 Why do Hedge Funds invest in Emerging Markets 6 4 DWS Invest Global EM Equities LC 8 4.1 Inside the DWS Invest Global EM Equities LC fund 8 4.2 Performance of the fund 10 5 Hedge Funds Performance in EM scientific paper review 11 6 Hedge Funds Strategies in EM and Africa 12 6.1 Investment strategies in more developed EM. 16 6.2 Hedge Fund Strategies within Africa and Sub Saharan Africa 19 7 Risk exposures in emerging markets 23 8 Conclusion 25 References 26 Tables Table 1: Hedge Fund Strategies 1 Figures Figure 1: Emerging Markets vs. Developed Markets 2 Figure 2: Emerging Markets vs. Developed Markets GDP growth in percentage 3 Figure 3: Development of the working-age population 3 Figure 4: EM vs. US: Consumption levels 4 Figure 5: EM dept. has exceeded EM 5 Figure 6: MSCI World vs. MSCI Emerging Markets 6 Figure 7: CS Hedge Fund Index vs CS EM Hedge Fund Index 7 Figure 8: Country distribution 8 Figure 9: Industry Sectors 9 Figure 10: Equity Share Distribution 9 Figure 11: Perfomanc of the fund 10 Figure 12: EM performance 13 Figure 13:...
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...license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 16 Analysis of Country Risk Chapter Objectives Identify the common factors used by MNCs to measure country risk Explain how to measure country risk Explain how MNCs use the assessment of country risk when making financial decisions Explain how MNCs can prevent host government takeovers 2 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. What is Country Risk Analysis Country risk is the potentially adverse impact of a country’s environment on an MNC’s cash flows. An MNC conducts country risk analysis when it applies capital budgeting to determine whether to implement a new project in a particular country or to continue conducting business in a particular country. 3 © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. Country Risk Characteristics Political Risk Characteristics 1. Attitude of consumers in the host country - a tendency of residents to purchase only locally produced goods. 2. Actions of the host government - A host government might impose...
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...accountable for, and capable of recognizing and addressing the risks within their purview. Moreover, risk awareness and appropriate risk-related skills can become an integral component of every individual’s responsibilities at every level. In these ways, risk transformation can enhance the organization’s ability to implement business strategies and achieve goals while addressing risks and complying with evolving regulations. This document is one in a series of four on the cornerstones of risk transformation (see Figure 1): • Strategy • Governance and culture • Business and operating models • Data, analytics, and technology As explained in Aligning risk and the pursuit of shareholder value: Risk transformation in financial institutions,1 when these cornerstone frameworks and capabilities are in place, risk management, risk governance, and regulatory compliance can be implemented in a more aligned and integrated manner. Figure 1: The cornerstones of risk transformation What vision drives the Organization? Business Model Operating Model culture What oversight ensures the strategy is executed? Governance Strategy What shared values guide the organization? Data Analytics and Technology What data, analytics and technology infrastructure enables execution? 1 How should execution be structured? Aligning risk and the pursuit of shareholder value: Risk transformation in financial institutions, 2013, Deloitte Implementing risk transformation...
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...International Strategy Advanced Strategy M2/MSc 2015-2016 Corporate (or Growth) strategy: Key questions? • Should the firm focus its activities on a specific market or diversify in several segments or sectors? • Should the firm limit its business to the local market or internationalize? • Which method of growth strategy should the firm choose? • organic development or • corporate, commercial, technical alliances with other stakeholders active in the business environment (clients, suppliers, competitors, R&D centres, academic units, …)? Key questions of Corporate strategy Why and how should the firm internationalize? International strategy analytical framework Location Advantage WHY? Outside-In approach HOW? Source: Exploring Strategy, 9th edition, Pearson, 2011 Inside-out approach Incentives and basic benefits of internationalisation Incentives Basic Benefits Extend a product’s life cycle Increased market size Gain easier access to raw materials Economies of scale and learning Opportunities to integrate operations on a global scale Location advantages To support strategic orientations! Opportunities to maximize the ROI (e.g. rapidely developing technologies) Get access to consumers in emerging markets Source: Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt, The Management of Strategy, 2011 Outside-in approach: Internationalisation drivers Why going international? The YIP’s matrix (Inter-country compensation...
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...Incarceration in the United States of America is one of the main forms of punishment, rehabilitation, or both for the commission of felony and other offenses. The United States has the highest documented incarceration rate in the world. There were 86,927 held in juvenile facilities as of the 2007 Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement, conducted by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. There were only 70,792 juveniles in juvenile detention in 2010. The key difference between adult and juvenile incarceration is the focus on rehabilitation for underage offenders, as opposed to punishment for adult convicts. Facilities for juveniles are run very differently, and people in such jails and prisons have access to different kinds of services and support. Minors are not imprisoned with adults until after they reach the age of majority, and this isolation supports the mission of preventing future crimes and giving juveniles a second chance at successful social integration. People believe juvenile offenders need discipline and support to prevent a return to crime when they get out. Juvenile incarceration facilities share some qualities in common with adult prisons, but inmates have access to education, incentive programs, and more social services and support. Drug treatment in such facilities, for example, tends to be more readily available. Inmates in a juvenile incarceration facility usually have a very tight schedule, set to impose discipline. Like adult...
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