...Assignment 1: Computer Memory Hacking Albert Pigg| |Mr. De Monte’ Thomason| |CIS106| |05/09/16| Assignment 1: Computer Memory Hacking Hacking of Memory When it comes to the term “hacking” essentially the “hackers” are usually categorized in two categories, “white-hat” and “black-hat.” White-hat refers to the hacker affiliating themselves with light and justice. Black-hat refers to the hacker affiliating themselves with the darker side of the net and with malicious intent. What is “hacking”? Essentially it is accessing, altering, or such manipulation of data while circumventing preventative measures. There is however numerous preventative measures corporations, governments and other private institutions take to secure their data. (Harvey, 1985) Common Tools of a Hacker “To catch a thief, it takes a thief.” We’ve all heard it sometime in life likely. To first take the steps of understanding how to prevent hacking, we must familiarize ourselves with some of their tools. DDOS and DOS Attacks Denial of service attacks are a frequent occurrence on the internet. Often referred to as “DOS attacks”. DOS attacks are initiated by hackers sending packets, or bits of data, very repetitively to the victim’s computer until it is unable to communicate any other packets. (PBS, 2001) One such attack was executed against some big United States companies. On February 8th 2000, “MafiaBoy” or Michael Calce attacked sites such as Yahoo!, CNN, eBay, and E-Trade, with repeated DOS attacks...
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...Demetrius Hill CIS 106 Professor J. Merritt Assignment 1: Computer Memory Hacking November 15, 2015 As the years go by technology will continually advance at a superb rate. With that comes many risks. The invasion of privacy for individuals and business owners is a concerning matter. The target hackers are aiming for these days is the computer memory. Third party individuals create a backdoor to the hardware and software of a machine to gain access to the hidden functions they may hold. Hackers break into computer systems by exploiting security vulnerabilities, such as poor configuration of web servers, disabled security controls, or poorly chosen or default passwords. Hackers may modify existing computer resources and settings without consent and, in so doing, cause damage or disruption to computer systems or networks. It is easily attainable since its open source and free software. The ethical issues surrounding hacking, stem from several sources mainly dealing with order and control, and information ownership. What is difficult to decipher from all the media hoopla surrounding the terms, "hacker" and "hacking" is both the simultaneous sensationalism and the condemnation of said activities. Of course just recently, even a movie was made and was appropriately called Hackers. The term and all that it implies has truly entered our popular consciousness when Hollywood has made a box office movie on it. As the advancement of computer technologies and systems of information become...
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...NT1110 Computer Structure and Logic Assignment: Research Project Identity Theft Technology has become a big part of our lives, making it difficult for people to function outside of it. This is why we are so used to doing daily functions of life with technology. Even though this can make it very convenient for us by saving both time and money, there is a negative outcome in which, on average, 11.5 million people have been a victim of in the last eight years (appendix A). Identity theft, is when an individual steals certain information by hacking your computer, stealing your wallet, or even stealing your mail and uses it to his advantage by using your information to pretend he is another person to gain access to his/her financial status. Thus, in this essay, I will be explaining how this growing crime relates to the topics taught in class. Next, I’ll be going over the things I have learned while doing research on this specific topic. Lastly, I’ll use this information to show which direction this phenomenon is heading in the future. In this course, I’ve learned the basic components and functions/purpose that a personal computer needs as well as computer math and measurements or what I like to call it “computer code”. Computer codes as in 0’s and 1’s are the language of any computer. What makes computers so special is the speed in which the processor (along with other components) can solve complex...
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...Carnegie Mellon Course Overview 15-213 /18-213: Introduction to Computer Systems 1st Lecture, Jan. 14, 2014 Instructors: Seth Copen Goldstein, Anthony Rowe, Greg Kesden The course that gives CMU its “Zip”! 1 Carnegie Mellon Overview Course theme Five realities How the course fits into the CS/ECE curriculum Logistics 2 Carnegie Mellon Course Theme: Abstraction Is Good But Don’t Forget Reality Most CS and CE courses emphasize abstraction Abstract data types Asymptotic analysis These abstractions have limits Especially in the presence of bugs Need to understand details of underlying implementations Useful outcomes from taking 213 Become more effective programmers Able to find and eliminate bugs efficiently Able to understand and tune for program performance Prepare for later “systems” classes in CS & ECE Compilers, Operating Systems, Networks, Computer Architecture, Embedded Systems, Storage Systems, etc. 3 Carnegie Mellon Great Reality #1: Ints are not Integers, Floats are not Reals Example 1: Is x2 ≥ 0? Float’s: Yes! Int’s: 40000 * 40000 1600000000 50000 * 50000 ?? Source: xkcd.com/571 4 Carnegie Mellon Great Reality #1: Ints are not Integers, Floats are not Reals Example 1: Is x2 ≥ 0? Float’s: Yes! Int’s: 40000 * 40000 1600000000 50000 * 50000 ?? Example 2: Is (x + y) + z = x + (y + z)? Unsigned & Signed Int’s: Yes! Float’s: ...
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...2nd Edition Hacking the art of exploitation jon erickson PRAISE FOR THE FIRST EDITION OF HACKING: THE ART OF EXPLOITATION “Most complete tutorial on hacking techniques. Finally a book that does not just show how to use the exploits but how to develop them.” —PHRACK “From all the books I’ve read so far, I would consider this the seminal hackers handbook.” —SECURITY FORUMS “I recommend this book for the programming section alone.” —UNIX REVIEW “I highly recommend this book. It is written by someone who knows of what he speaks, with usable code, tools and examples.” —IEEE CIPHER “Erickson’s book, a compact and no-nonsense guide for novice hackers, is filled with real code and hacking techniques and explanations of how they work.” —COMPUTER POWER USER (CPU) MAGAZINE “This is an excellent book. Those who are ready to move on to [the next level] should pick this book up and read it thoroughly.” —ABOUT.COM INTERNET/NETWORK SECURITY ® San Francisco HACKING: THE ART OF EXPLOITATION, 2ND EDITION. Copyright © 2008 by Jon Erickson. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. Printed on recycled paper in the United States of America 11 10 09 08 07 123456789 ISBN-10: 1-59327-144-1 ISBN-13: 978-1-59327-144-2 Publisher:...
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...Assignment 1: Computer Forensics Overview CIS 417 Computer Forensics Computer forensics is the process of investigating and analyzing techniques to gather and preserve information and evidence from a particular computing device in a way it can be presented in a court of law. The main role of computer analyst is to recover data including photos, files/documents, and e-mails from computer storage devices that were deleted, damaged and otherwise manipulated. The forensics expert’s work on cases involving crimes associated with internet based concerns and the investigations of other potential possibilities on other computer systems that may have been related or involved in the crime to find enough evidence of illegal activities. Computer experts can also use their professional knowledge to protect corporate computers/servers from infiltration, determine how the computer was broken into, and recover lost files in the company. Processes are used to obtain this information and some of the processes are as follows; * Investigation process: Computer forensics investigations will typically be done as part of a crime that allegedly occurred. The first step of the investigation should be to verify that a crime took place. Understand what occurred of the incident, assess the case, and see if the crime leads back to the individual. * System Description: Next step, once you verified the crime did occur, you then begin gathering as much information and data about the specific...
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...Cyber-crimes: A Practical Approach to the Application of Federal Computer Crime Laws Eric J. Sinrod† and William P. Reilly†† I. Introduction Cyber-crime, once the domain of disaffected genius teenagers as portrayed in the movies “War Games” and “Hackers,” has grown into a mature and sophisticated threat to the open nature of the Internet. “Cyber-criminals,” like their non-virtual traditional criminal counterparts, seek opportunity and are attracted to vacuums in law enforcement. The news media is filled with reports of debilitating denial of service attacks, defaced web sites, and new computer viruses worming their way through the nation’s computers. However, there are countless other cyber-crimes that are not made public due to private industry’s reluctance to publicize its vulnerability and the government’s concern for security.[1] Along with the phenomenal growth of the Internet has come the growth of cyber-crime opportunities.[2] As a result of rapid adoption of the Internet globally, computer crimes include not only hacking and cracking, but now also include extortion, child pornography, money laundering, fraud, software pirating, and corporate espionage, to name a few.[3] Law enforcement officials have been frustrated by the inability of legislators to keep cyber-crime legislation ahead of the fast-moving technological curve.[4] At the same time, legislators face the need to balance the competing interests between individual rights, such as privacy...
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...Chapter-1 1.0 Introduction With the tremendous advancement of Internet, different aspects of it are achieving the highest peak of growth. An example of it is e-commerce. More and more computers get connected to the Internet, wireless devices and networks are booming and sooner or later, nearly every electronic device may have its own IP address. The complexity of networks is increasing, the software on devices gets more sophisticated and user friendly – interacting with other devices and people are a main issues. At the same time, the complexity of the involved software grows, life cycles are getting shorter and maintaining high quality is difficult. Most users want (or need) to have access to information from all over the world around the clock. Highly interconnected devices which have access to the global network are the consequence. As a result, privacy and security concerns are getting more important. In a word, information is money. There is a serious need to limit access to personal or confidential information – access controls are needed. Unfortunately most software is not bug free due to their complexity or carelessness of their inventors. Some bugs may have a serious impact on the access controls in place or may even open up some unintended backdoors. Security therefore is a hot topic and quite some effort is spent in securing services, systems and networks. On the internet, there is a silent war going on between the good and the bad guys – between the ones...
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...e-business practitioners. EC-Council is a global, member based organization comprised of hundreds of industry and subject matter experts all working together to set the standards and raise the bar in Information Security certification and education. EC-Council certifications are viewed as the essential certifications needed where standard configuration and security policy courses fall short. Providing a true, hands-on, tactical approach to security, individuals armed with the knowledge disseminated by EC-Council programs are securing networks around the world and beating the hackers at their own game. The Solution: EC-Council Press The EC-Council | Press marks an innovation in academic text books and courses of study in information security, computer forensics, disaster recovery, and end-user security. By repurposing the essential content of EC-Council’s world class professional certification programs to fit academic programs, the EC-Council | Press was formed. With 8 Full Series, comprised of 27 different books, the EC-Council | Press is set to revolutionize global information security programs and ultimately create a new breed of practitioners capable of combating this growing epidemic of cybercrime and the rising threat of cyber war. This Certification: C|EH – Certified Ethical Hacker Certified Ethical Hacker is a certification designed to immerse the learner in an interactive environment where they will learn how to scan, test, hack and secure information systems. Ideal candidates...
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...Hacking Vol. 2 Number 1 Internet for Dummies -- skip this if you are a Unix wizard. But if you read on you’ll get some more kewl hacking instructions. ____________________________________________________________ The six Guides to (mostly) Harmless Hacking of Vol. 1 jumped immediately into how-to hacking tricks. But if you are like me, all those details of probing ports and playing with hypotheses and pinging down hosts gets a little dizzying. So how about catching our breath, standing back and reviewing what the heck it is that we are playing with? Once we get the basics under control, we then can move on to serious hacking. Also, I have been wrestling with my conscience over whether to start giving you step-by-step instructions on how to gain root access to other peoples’ computers. The little angel on my right shoulder whispers, “Gaining root without permission on other people’s computers is not nice. So don’t tell people how to do it.” The little devil on my left shoulder says, “Carolyn, all these hackers think you don’t know nothin’! PROOVE to them you know how to crack!” The little angel says, “If anyone reading Guide to (mostly) Harmless Hacking tries out this trick, you might get in trouble with the law for conspiracy to damage other peoples’ computers.” The little devil says, “But, Carolyn, tell people how to crack into root and they will think you are KEWL!” So here’s the deal. In this and the next few issues of Guide to (mostly) Harmless Hacking I’ll tell...
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...1 2 Acknowledgements p.1 tr ©iStockphoto.com/Dennys Bisogno, etc t = top, b = bottom, l = left, r = right, c = centre Computer hardware and software brand names mentioned in this book are protected by their respective trademarks and are acknowledged. Scratch is developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at the MIT Media Lab. See http://scratch.mit.edu Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press, Hodder Education cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book. It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website in the URL window of your browser. Photo credits p.1 © peno – Fotolia; p.15 © Dmitrydesigner/Fotolia; p.16 ©iStockphoto.com/Karl Yamashita; p.57 © Romanchuck – Fotolia; p.58 t © C Squared Studios/Photodisc/Getty Images, m ©Dmitriy Melnikov - Fotolia.com, b © Popova Olga/Fotolia; p.59 © picsfive – Fotolia; p.65 © Manfred Schmidt – Fotolia.com; p.67 © dja65 – Fotolia; p.68 © Konstantin Shevtsov – Fotolia; p.69 t © Miguel Navarro/Stone/Getty Images, b © Piero Cruciatti/Alamy; p.73 © Jamdesign/Fotolia; p.78 and 79 © adisa – Fotolia; p.81 © Mykola Mazuryk – Fotolia; p.82 t © Mauro Rodrigues/Fotolia...
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...Journal - Week 1, Due 09.28.2014 Beginner’s Guide to Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses Beginner’s Guide to Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses. (2011, Mar. 04). Retrieved on September 26. 2014 from ICANN site: https://www.icann.org/resources/files/ip-addresses-beginners-guide-2011-03-04-en The Beginner’s Guide to IP Addresses is a publication by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the private sector, non-profit corporation which assumes responsibility for IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management, and root server system management functions. The publication is part of the Beginner’s Guide series, published in the interest of educating new users about internet issues. The document details IP addresses, why we need them, protocol version history, implementation/distribution methods, and how these topics affect users. This particular concept is not new to me, but reading the document provided a ‘refresher course’ on topics that I have not recently studied. I use this information and technology on a daily basis - but through the course of use it is easy to step away from the fundamental details. In follow up reading, I find myself curious about the success of implementing IPv6 addressing. I know that it can be done, but have not seen a great deal of evidence that it is being done. As of June, 2014 the percentage of users accessing Google via IPv6 reached a milestone. 4%. While the 4% mark...
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...The current architecture of the Riordan Manufacturing Company Inc. Wide Area Network and network security in place requires updated documentation. The purpose of this paper is to gather the existing information into a single format and evaluate the WAN and security documentation for an executive overview. Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. is an industry leader in the field of plastic injection molding. With state-of-the art design capabilities, they create innovative plastic designs that have earned international acclaim. Attention to detail, extreme precision and enthusiastic quality control are the hallmarks of Riordan Manufacturing. With facilities in San Jose, California, Albany, Georgia, Pontiac, Michigan and Hangzhou, China, the company is heavily dependent upon their communication networks. The documentation produced by this analysis will give the management at Riordan Manufacturing an understanding of their networks today, a plan for future upgrades and a baseline to evaluate security. The goal of this exercise is three fold. Our first will be to provide an inventory of the existing network components for Riordan Manufacturing designated by location, review the network security for each site, and our last goal is to document the current security plan for use in future planning. Because of the limited scope of the project, several assumptions must be made. The first assumption is that Riordan Manufacturing has accurate records of the current infrastructure and no changes will...
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...Contents 1. Introduction 2. Assessment Test 3. Chapter 1: Getting Started with Ethical Hacking 1. Hacking: A Short History 2. What Is an Ethical Hacker? 3. Summary 4. Exam Essentials 5. Review Questions 4. Chapter 2: System Fundamentals 1. Exploring Network Topologies 2. Working with the Open Systems Interconnection Model 3. Dissecting the TCP/IP Suite 4. IP Subnetting 5. Hexadecimal vs. Binary 6. Exploring TCP/IP Ports 7. Understanding Network Devices 8. Working with MAC Addresses 9. Intrusion Prevention and Intrusion Detection Systems 10. Network Security 11. Knowing Operating Systems 12. Backups and Archiving 13. Summary 14. Exam Essentials 15. Review Questions 5. Chapter 3: Cryptography 2 1. Cryptography: Early Applications and Examples 2. Cryptography in Action 3. Understanding Hashing 4. Issues with Cryptography 5. Applications of Cryptography 6. Summary 7. Exam Essentials 8. Review Questions 6. Chapter 4: Footprinting and Reconnaissance 1. Understanding the Steps of Ethical Hacking 2. What Is Footprinting? 3. Terminology in Footprinting 4. Threats Introduced by Footprinting 5. The Footprinting Process 6. Summary 7. Exam Essentials 8. Review Questions 7. Chapter 5: Scanning Networks 1. What Is Network Scanning? 2. Checking for Live Systems 3. Checking for Open Ports 4. Types of Scans 5. OS Fingerprinting 6. Banner Grabbing 7. Countermeasures 8. Vulnerability Scanning 9. Drawing Network Diagrams 10. Using Proxies 11. Summary 12. Exam Essentials 13. Review Questions...
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...[MARCH 2016] Group No. 1: 1. Ngo Thi Mai Lan 2. Nguyen Ngoc Hao 3. Nguyen Thi Tho 4. Mai Thị Thu 5. Nguyen The Tu ASSIGNMENT FOR E-COMMERCE Questions: 1. What’s difference between the virus, worm, and Trojan horse? 2. How would you protect your firm against a Denial of Service (DoS) attack? 3. Explain why an e-commerce site might not want to report being target of cybercrimals? 4. Is a computer with anti-virus software protected from viruses? Why or why bother? 5. Why the value of stolen information which prices range in underground marketplace is so wide? Answer: 1. The difference between the virus, worm, and Trojan horse Viruses, Worms, and Trojan are all part of a class of software called malware. Malware or malicious code (malcode) is short for malicious software. It is code or software that is specifically designed to damage, disrupt, steal, or in general inflict some other “bad” or illegitimate action on data, hosts, or networks. There are many different classes of malware that have varying ways of infecting systems and propagating themselves. Malware can infect systems by being bundled with other programs or attached as macros to files. Others are installed by exploiting a known vulnerability in an operating system (OS), network device, or other software, such as a hole in a browser that only requires users to visit a website to infect their computers. The vast majority, however, are installed by some...
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