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Assimilation

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Assimilation is the process by which immigrants become part of the mainstream culture of their new country, lessening the differences between immigrants and native born Americans. Research often distinguishes between cultural assimilation, in which ethnic and cultural norms from the previous country become less prevalent, and other factors such as socioeconomic success and educational equity, referred to under the umbrella of structural assimilation. Assimilation, especially cultural assimilation, has been a controversial debate in American policy making, affecting education, health policy, and other areas. Previously, many believed that total assimilation was necessary for the healthy functioning of American society. Today, many embrace multicultural or segmented assimilation theories, which view multiculturalism and distinct ethnic identity as a strength rather than a weakness.
Immigration and assimilation is a divisive topic that has been heavily debated in America ever since we became a country. There are two stories that explore the assimilation issue from different viewpoints’; in Mary Pipher’s story; “The Beautiful Laughing Sisters – An Arrival Story”; provides the viewpoint of immigrants leaving a hostile home for America. Elizabeth Wong details her journey to break with her culture and become Americanized in, “The Struggle to be an all American girl.” and (McWhorter, 2010 pp522-529). At debate today is whether immigrants and their families should blend into American culture even if it means breaking with their past. Once cultures intermingle, they are forever changed. American culture was initially shaped by many European races and cultures coming together through shared ideals and values which has attributed to our diversity. However, other races did not always have a choice; Native American Indians were forced to assimilate or be segregated and many today live separate on reservations. Our text, “Pathways: Writing scenarios” suggests to improve the reading experience it is important to connect it to your own personal experiences (McWhorter, 2010 p 40) Our American history and attitude towards immigration has been conflicted ever since we formed our nation. Black people were initially brought to America as slaves and were segregated for the greater part of the 20th century. In the mid 19th century, during the California gold rush many Chinese people came to America to work as cheap labor and provided the needed workforce to build our railroads (Ashabranner, 1993). The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was enacted to regulate immigration and excluded certain classes and races of people who were undesirable as immigrants, prior to this America had no formal immigration policy (Kennedy, 1964). This era in our history is a bit reminiscent of when the Borg encountered the Enterprise and tried to assimilate the crew in Star Trek the Next Generation series; “( . . . ) Resistance is futile. We wish to improve ourselves. We will add your biological and technological distinctiveness to our own. Your culture will adapt to service ours.” (Bole, 1990) Although we are a nation of immigrants, we have not always accepted immigrants freely into our culture. This attitude seems to be fueled by racism and many cultures were segregated; many major cities still have ethnic ghetto and “Chinatown” areas.
Elizabeth Wong’s journey to embrace being an “all American girl” left her with the sad realization that she lost part of her cultural identity along the way. Her last two sentences are very revealing and show she regrets the loss of her native culture; “At last, I was one of you; I wasn’t one of them. Sadly, I still am.”(McWhorter, 2010 pp528-529) Her sadness is important; in hindsight, she finally understood why her mother wanted her to attend Chinese school. There is still hope that she will accept and embrace her Chinese culture and integrate it into her version of the all American girl and become truly multicultural. Another side of assimilation is when people want to immigrate to avoid persecution in their native home; Mary Pipher, details the journey of two sisters from Iraq and Saddam Hussein’s persecution to their freedom in America; her tone is one of respect throughout the story (McWhorter, 2010 pp522-526). The girls; Shireen and Meena described their arduous journey to get here and how they worked hard to prepare by learning the English language; which was their sixth language. (McWhorter, 2010 pp522-526) Shireen is noted to have said that “In America, we have rights.” She pronounced “rights” as if it were a sacred word.” (McWhorter, 2010 pp522-526) When Mary Pipher asked if they had problems the sisters responded that they were “easy problems” (McWhorter, 2010 pp522-526). The sisters seem to have embraced the American ideology, and are proud to be Americans, and will blend in well with American culture. The sisters’ transition into American culture was easier since they were willing to adapt to the new environment. Their story is reminiscent of the early settlers that came to America in search of freedom.
It seems our culture is a mixture of many cultures and is uniquely American even with all the conflict to resist incorporating the many cultures. Many cultures have managed to retain part of their cultural identity and blend in with the dominant culture; Merriam Webster defines this as acculturation. (Merriam, Webster, 2010) Benjamin Disraeli, a British Statesmen in the late 19th century, may well have referred to America when he stated; “In a progressive country change is constant; change is inevitable.” (Disraeli, n.d.) The influence other cultures have made over the years can be found in our language, music, clothing, architecture, and food just to name a few. Our American English is distinctly different from the “Queen’s English” we left in Britain. Our architecture varies across the country and is influenced by the culture that settled in the area. Tacos, burritos, eggrolls, barbeque, pizza, corn bread, soul food, Cajun food, and Tex-Mex are a few examples of how other cultures have influenced American food. In addition, German schnitzel became chicken-fried steak when they settled in America since beef was plentiful and more economical. It took awhile for these cultural influences to become Americanized, just as it takes time for immigrants to adjust. a In conclusion, America’s journey while not always easy and not without conflict is enriched by its immigrants. Immigrants choose to come to America because there is something in our culture that is missing in their own culture. Immigrants can blend in with American culture and retain their own cultural identity by passing along the best of both cultures.

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