...Athens and Sparta are both city states of Ancient Greece, but have you ever wondered which is better? .Athenian boys are homeschooled from when they are born to when they are the age 6. Then they graduate at age 20 but if there family is rich, they graduate at age 25. They have also have had way more cultural achievements then Sparta has ever had. Athens is the smarter and more educated city state. Athens was the superior city state because they were more educated. One reason they were a first-rate city state because they were more educated, for example they sent kids to school when Sparta left them alone in the cold. This shows that Athenians was more educated than Spartans.In conclusion I think Athenians were smarter than Spartans. They...
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...choice or moral freedom h. Dignity and autonomy of human beings 4. Persian Wars – who fought, why, who won, how, significance i. Who Fought? i. Persians vs. Greeks j. Why? ii. Fundamental differences, East vs. West iii. Disputed territory in Asia Minor iv. Greece as a stepping-stone to Europe k. Who Won? v. The Greeks l. How? vi. Superior Military Skill m. So What? vii. Persians locked out of Europe forever viii. Athenian Imperialism ix. Delian League – Greek alliance between city states to prevent future attacks from Persia x. Launches them into Athenian Golden Age 5. Sparta –description, major contributions, contrast with Athens * Formed Delian league to fight against Athens * Experienced Land Military while Athens had an Experienced Navy * Athens was focused on cultural expansion while Sparta loved war 6. Cosmologists – role in origins of Greek philosophy, methods, examples, significance Methods n. Physical Matter o. Mathematical Order – Pythagoras p. Logical Proof – Mataphysics q. Mechanical Structure Impact r. Critical Analysis s. Systemized Knowledge 7. Plato’s Theory of...
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...values and lifestyles. The Athenians believed in excellence and heroism, and found science, philosophy, and intellectual pursuit to be intriguing. The Spartans were militaristic and concentrated on obedience. Thus, while Athens was in the process of transitioning from an aristocratic form of government to a democracy, Sparta was in the mist of training young boys and girls on endurance and loyalty to the state. Considering that Sparta was imbued with militarism, it fortified much of Ancient Greece's mainland. Therefore, in 499 BC, Aristagoras, the tyrant of Miletus, scouted for assistance from the fellow citizens of Ancient Greece's mainland. Aristagoras instigated a rebellion against the Persians, because he persuaded the Persians to attack Naxos and the expedition failed. In an effort to protect his life and avoid retaliation from the Persians, he fomented a revolt against the Persians. He first approached the Spartans, since they were the most dominating city-state in Greece. The Spartans refused to aid Aristagoras so he then asked the Athenians. The Athenians agreed and sent twenty ships. The Athenians conquered the Lydian capital, Sardis; desecrating its lands completely. The Athenians returned to Athens, and the Persians dominated the remaining rebellious Greek city-states. Darius I redeemed control over Persian Empire, and initiated an invasion of the Greek peninsula because of Athens engagement in the destruction of Sardis. The Athenians and Spartans were supposed...
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...Artistic Monuments The Age of Pericles refers to the period in Greek history that spans from the Persian Wars in 448 BCE to the death of Pericles 429 BCE or the Peloponnesian War in 404 BCE. Pericles was an Athenian general, politician and orator known for his noteworthy achievements. He gave Athens an unmatched splendor. Hence, his name denotes the Athenian Golden Age. High Italian Renaissance peaked in the 15th century. The Renaissance is known for numerous cultural achievements. Works of art by Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci and architectural structures such as The Duomo and St. Peter's Basilica were created during this time. On the Greek side, the Age of Pericles also produced various works of arts known for perfection. The works were religious such as Temple of Olympian Zeus, Temple of Apollo in Delphi, the massive project Acropolis of Athens which was built by the best architects, sculptors and workers during their time. The Acropolis was considered the most perfect monument in Greek art. During the High Italian Renaissance, Italy's condition was less than perfect but it somehow inspired the citizens to build the best architectural structures. The Age of Pericles saw an era of progress for the Greeks and through the financial aid of the Delian League, Greek art and sculptures also flourished during this time. High Italian Renaissance plunged Italy into turmoil was wars and invasions spread. In sharp contrast, Age of Pericles saw relative peace...
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...variety of ways. The artwork that will be examined will be the Parthenon from the Classical Greece period, The Scraper from the Hellenistic Period, and the tombs from the Etruscan Civilization. The Parthenon is a great example of the Doric style of architecture from the Classical Greek period, as shown in Figure 1. The Parthenon was built by Perikles, the great Athenian leader. It was built on the highest point and was the largest building on the mainland. (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, pp. 66-121) The Parthenon was made of marble and was built in 447-432 BCE. Parthenon is a temple dedicated to the Goddess Athena. ("The Parthenon") An image of Athena made out of gold and ivory stands in the Parthenon. (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, pp. 66-121) The Greeks believed she helped them defeat the Persian Empire during the Persian Wars. The Parthenon is known to symbolize wealth and power of the Athenians. Tax money of the people was used to pay for the building. Ironically, the building was used as a state treasury, which held tax money that the Dalian League collected. The society was proud of its culture and political achievements. ("The Parthenon") The society also formed the first Democracy. The society saw themselves rising to the same level as the Gods. Perfection was very important to this culture. Their representation through the unparalleled precision, mathematical skills, the imposing dimensions, and their visual illusions created the design of the Parthenon. The people of...
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...They see themselves as monopolizing. Rivalry between Phoenicians and these new Greeks. 2. Alphabetic Writing Writing will return to the Greek world during this period. When it does it won’t be like Linear A or B. It will be based on an alphabet that the Greeks borrowed and modified the Phoenicians alphabet. Homer- iconic poet of Greek literature. He came from the region of Ionia. Produced famous epics of the Trojan War. Legends of the great Mycenaean heroes. Different traditions focused on different heroes. Responsible for two of the great monuments. The Iliad and the Odyssey. Achilles Agamemnon Odysseus Hector Ajax Paris Helen of Troy Penelope Important element- arête means excellence. Surpassing Excellence. Achievement, accomplishment. Exceed potential. Also mental. Ex. Odysseus is smarter than anyone else. He outwits Gods. Virtue of this society. Also is very competitive. Forever contending against one another. Individualistic quality. Have to be the best. Character trait that is the center of Greece. 3. Polis e. Polis literally means city. f. Greeks meant g. Oligarchic rule of Basileis Greece is made up of city-states. Each city will undergo its own political history. At the beginning of the archaic period almost all were Oligarchic. Oligarchic is rule by the few, Basileis- landed aristocrats. Owned most of the land in the...
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...Antigone - commentary notes The Myth •Characters of a tragedy were not invented from scratch each time the writer composed a new play. •Images and stories inspired by myths were connected with every form of artistic expression and ceremonial ritual, proving that the greeks were not only familiar with a great number of mythical stories, but also made them to define themselves in the world and communicate their specific cultural issues. •In tragic theatre the characters were mentally close to the audience and shared the values of the democratic period in Athens. •The geographical characteristics of the mythical location, which usually existed in reality, could also be used in the stories and affect the dramatic events of the play. •The Theban saga of Lais and his children was one of the most popular in the Greek literary and iconographic tradition. The Festival •The tragedy of Antigone was presented in the theatre of Dionysus as part of a drama competition that took place every year during the city Dionysia, one of the city’s numerous festivals. •The city Dionysia, which was dedicated to Dionysus, god of fertility, wine and theatre, was one of Athens’ greatest annual festivals and aimed to celebrate the god’s arrival in Athens as well as the city’s wealth and prosperity. •The event took place in mid to late march when seagoing again became possible after the winter. •A rough schedule of the festival can be made as it developed...
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...Plato and Play Taking Education Seriously in Ancient Greece Armand D’Angour In this article, the author outlines Plato’s notions of play in ancient Greek culture and shows how the philosopher’s views on play can be best appreciated against the background of shifting meanings and evaluations of play in classical Greece. Play—in various forms such as word play, ritual, and music—proved central to the development of Hellenic culture. In ancient Greece, play (paidia) was intrinsically associated with children (paides). However, both children and play assumed a greater cultural significance as literacy—and, consequently, education (paideia)— developed during the classical age of 500–300 BCE. Uniquely among ancient thinkers, Plato recognized that play influenced the way children developed as adults, and he proposed to regulate play for social ends. But Plato’s attitude toward play was ambivalent. Inclined to consider play an unworthy activity for adults, he seemed to suggest that intellectual play in some form, as demonstrated in the dialectical banter of Socrates, could provide a stimulus to understanding. Key words: education in ancient Greece; play and child development; play and education; play and Plato; Socratic dialectic Among various plausible misquotations that surface from time to time is a piece of popular wisdom attributed to Plato to the effect that “you can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a year of conversation.” It was quoted by Alaska Governor...
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...least 7000 years. Situated in southern Europe, Athens became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC and its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of western civilization. During the early Middle Ages, the city experienced a decline, then recovered under the later Byzantine Empire and was relatively prosperous during the period of the Crusades (12th and 13th centuries), benefiting from Italian trade. Following a period of sharp decline under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Athens re-emerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent Greek state. Contents 1 Name 1.1 Geographical setting 2 Antiquity 2.1 Origins and early history 2.2 Reform and democracy 2.3 Classical Athens 2.3.1 Early Athenian military history 2.3.2 Artists and philosophers 2.3.3 Peloponnesian War 3 Athenian coup of 411 BC 3.1 Corinthian War and the Second Athenian League 3.2 Athens under Macedon 3.3 Hellenistic Athens 3.4 Roman Athens 4 Middle Ages 4.1 Byzantine Athens 4.2 Latin Athens 4.2.1 Burgundian period 4.2.2 Aragonese period 4.2.3 Florentine period 5 Modern history 5.1 Ottoman Athens 5.2 Independence from the Ottomans 5.3 Modern Athens 5.3.1 Population influx 5.3.2 Athens under the Nazis 5.3.3 Postwar Athens 5.3.4 Athens today 5.3.5 Recent historical population 5.4 Notable Athenians 5.5 Ancient sites in Athens 6 Notes 7 Further reading The contest of Athena and Poseidon. West Pediment of the Parthenon...
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...this statement correct? In 469BC, one of the most important philosophical influences in the Ancient Greek civilisation was born. Socrates’ teachings would continue to heavily impact on philosophical thought throughout the ages. Socrates began as a stonemason, but quickly made the change to a life pursuing the answers to all moral problems with emphasis on the right conduct by which one should live their life. His teachings attracted groups of young men who adopted his methodologies and became fascinated with the ideas he presented, which although popular with some, were often in conflict with the politicians in Athens at the time. Socrates lived through one of Athens’ most advanced eras and he saw firsthand the rise of the Athenian Empire. He often passed judgment and was highly opinionated on many issues which were putting Athens on the map, including democracy. He also promoted honesty and virtue as key contributors to a happy life. Socrates was one of only a few philosophers to be recognised for his work in his lifetime and this indicates that he must have been significant in some capacity. However, Athens was an ever-expanding empire, which meant that their culture was heavily impacted on by not just Greek people on the inside but also by the countries that they conquered and the foreigners who came to Athens as slaves or traders. These outside influences must be balanced against the interior influences of men such as Socrates to explore to what extent philosophy...
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...grasping the concepts of time and that ideas of the past could influence those of the present, through trial and error the development of Greek chronology help achieve the documentation of the Greek experience. Greek historians grew from works of fiction with some historical significance to the systematic study of people and culture as their society progressed through wars and cultural change. War is a universal experience which has occurred since the birth of the human race. It is also the muse of historians around the world. In early Greek society war provided a gateway to heroes, glory, and gods. The famous Trojan War described in Homer’s Iliad epic gave descriptions of Achilles, Hector, Paris and Helen of Troy which were intertwined with the gods Athena, Apollo and Hephaestus. Homer entertained the populace with the “actions of gods and the deed, passions, glories, and defeats of a few heroes,” but also cataloged a few historical significant items. Subsequent the Great Persian War (in 490 and 480/79 BC) inspired Herodotus in writing his Histories migrating from heroes and gods to a more common cultural history. His descriptions still held a dramatic flair which was pleasing to the populace but held a more chronological account of events. Following the Great Persian War was the Peloponnesian War (430-404 BC) and brought forth Thucydides. His accounts of the war provided an analytical view on events and identified sources to actions and political structure. Nevertheless historiography...
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...What makes the history of an individual nation often are the legacies and remainings of its ancestor. These could come in forms of intangible works such as literature, music or art and tangible objects like monuments, architecture, and sculptures. No matter what form they are, it could not be denied that those pieces of history are invaluable parts of that nation, creating its cultural heritage and values. They not only provide a glimpse into the past of that nation, but also play a vital role in the creation of the history of mankind as a whole. However, when individual historical pieces originating from one country but are held abroad without the former’s approval, controversies occur. In 1801, Thomas Bruce, seventh Earl of Elgin, serving...
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...horse, use weapons and command troops. He conquered the Greeks and then led them into battle against the Persians. He liberated Egypt. He then defeated Persia and marched his troops across Iran and Afghanistan, and could go no further because he got sick and died. According to most accounts, he was intelligent, handsome, and a successful military leader, one who cared about his men and paid attention to even the lowest soldier. He respected his enemies by giving them glorious funerals (Darius of Persia) and/or awarding them large expanses of territory after defeating them (King Porus of Paurava). He is credited with playing a huge part in the spread of Greek culture into all the regions he conquered, leading to a flourishing of trade, cultural diversity, art and architecture, education, philosophy, math and science up until the rise of the Roman Empire. By some accounts his quests reached as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far east as China and he died at the age of 33. Despite all of his accomplishments, both contemporary historians and historians through the ages have seen Alexander in a different light. In this light, Alexander's military prowess were only possible due to the actions of his father, Philip II. The Greeks rejected and rebelled against his rule, but could do nothing about it. His conquests were not so much brilliance as luck and an aversion to ruling his actual empire, and his darker side, in which he had a ferocious temper, allowed him to needlessly...
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... 1 Factors determining citizenship: - Parents are citizens -Born within a county -Marriage to a citizen -Naturalization 2 History * 2.1 Polis citizenship * 2.2 Roman ideas of citizenship * 2.3 Middle Ages * 2.4 Renaissance * 2.5 Modern times 3 Different senses of citizenship -International citizenship -Commonwealth citizenship -European Union citizenship -Subnational citizenship Citizenship education * United Kingdom * Ireland citizenship in Bangladesh CITIZENSHIP: Citizenship laws are based upon the Bangladesh Citizenship Order dated 1972. Questions concerning persons born before March 26, 1971, should be directed to the Bangladesh Embassy. (UKC-Commonwealth Nation) BY BIRTH: Birth within the territory of Bangladesh does not automatically confer citizenship. Only persons born before March 26, 1971 would be deemed Bangladesh citizens by birth. BY DESCENT: Rules stated below apply to persons born after March 26, 1971. Child born of a Bangladesh father, regardless of the child's country of birth. Child whose grandfather was a citizen of Bangladesh, regardless of the child's country of birth. Child born of a Bangladesh mother and an unknown or stateless father, regardless of the child's country of birth. OTHER: Person who was a permanent resident of Bangladesh on March 26, 1971, is granted citizenship, unless disqualified by law at that time. BY NATURALIZATION: A person...
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...Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the Therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Contents Introduction Carl Rogers. Background and Influences Theoretical Constructs Strengths and Weaknesses Conclusion Notes References Introduction In this essay I will be discussing the viability of Person-Centred Therapy as an exclusive method of treatment for clients. Without an appreciation of this approach it would be difficult to judge the merits of the claim as laid out in the main essay title. Therefore I will begin with an introduction to Carl Rogers, his background and influences. In this essay I will explore the main theoretical constructs. Following on from this I will look at the advantages of this approach and consider its success in treating psychological disorders. Although Carl Rogers inspired many, he was not without his Critics. Therefore I will include the difficulties and doubts expressed by other Practitioners in order to get an opposing viewpoint. I will end with my evaluation of the claim itself and the reasons why I have arrived at my conclusions. Carl Rogers Background and Influences Carl Rogers was born in Illinois, Chicago, in 1902. His parents were middle-class, respectable and hard-working. His Father was a Civil Engineer and his Mother a stay-at-home housewife. Carl was the fourth child in a family of six children. Rogers’...
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