...domestic pets. In addition, they may be transported through ship ballast water or other forms of accidental release. Whereas many species may not be able to survive in foreign conditions, others are able to adapt to new environments (National Ocean Service. Although, nonnative species can be harmless to new environments, harmoniously integrating themselves into the ecosystem, exotic species often cause severe environmental harm becoming “invasive”. An invasive species is an organism that has unbalanced the dynamic of their new habitat. Invasive organisms often exhibit advantageous traits that allow them to over take native populations by depleting food sources and creating unfair competition for mating grounds, habitats, nests, etc (National Ocean Service)....
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...earth. In the past the theory has been discussed but not generally accepted, most geologists believing the continents to be fixed in place and subject only to vertical movements, such as those observed during mountain uplift. In recent years, however, a sound body of evidence in support of a modified form of the drift theory has been found. Ideas are becoming precise and unified, with emphasis on a moving, evolving ocean floor. The new theory is called plate tectonics. Early Theories Soon after the Atlantic Ocean had been mapped, about three hundred years ago, it was noticed that the opposite coasts had similar shapes, but it was not until the middle of the 19th century that accurate maps were published demonstrating that the two coasts could be fitted together quite closely. Some geologists then suggested that the fit of the coasts was not an accident--that the continents were once joined and had subsequently drifted apart. None of the suggestions were taken seriously. In 1912, however, the German meteorologist Alfred Wegener investigated the fit of the Atlantic coasts more carefully than had his predecessors and grouped all the continents together into one great land mass, which he called Pangaea. He supposed that the mass began to break apart about 200 million years ago. He also showed that some geological features on the opposite coasts could have fitted together, and that there were many striking similarities between the fossil plants and reptiles on the opposite coasts...
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...deployed naval and air forces of the “Kreigsmarine” and “Luftwaffe” to engage the United States and her Allied forces over the Atlantic Ocean. The Battle of the Atlantic served as the “longest, largest, and most complex” naval battle in history, resulting in 3,500 Allied merchant ships and 175 Allied warships being destroyed in addition to over 72,000 Allied casualties (Syrett, 1994). In an attempt to obstruct the movement of merchant shipping, supplies, equipment, and forces into Britain, Admiral Karl Dönitz, German U-Boat Fleet Commander, deployed several U-Boats in “wolfpack” formations to inflict fear and destruction on Allied convoys....
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...Furthermore, both individuals each have two options, either to accuse the other person or not to cooperate with the police. In most cases, the individuals choose a self-serving option in order to save themselves. However, this theory does not only have to apply to prisoners but can also apply in economics in regards to firms and their competition and how cooperation between companies can often lead to a greater good (Dixit & Nalebuff, 1991). These two theories occur often in day-to-day life and seem to reveal how humans are predisposed to think of themselves first before thinking about the good of others. This paper will examine the extent of these theories related to the overfishing of Northern Cod on the eastern cost of Canada and how these phenomena have affected the physical, population and economic geographies of the area. According to Torsten Berhardt, the Atlantic/maritime region of Canada includes the provinces of New Brunswick, Newfoundland & Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island (2002). Berhardt goes on to explain that these provinces all include a mix of rocky uninhabitable highlands and much more...
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...only some have been proven to have some truth behind the myth. Legends can date back thousands of years and in lots of cultures are passed down through generations orally. Sum legends are so popular that they are known all over the world and a person could give sum information on the legend just from hearing about it. An example of this would be the Legend of Atlantis! Known all over the world Atlantis is one of the most popular legends of all time. Its story dates back to around 420 BC maybe even before then. It was first told about by a philosopher by the name of Plato in his Critias and Timaeus dialogues, the first recorded references to Atlantis. (Atlantis – Lost Civilization) Plato claimed that Atlantis was a huge island in the Atlantic Ocean the size of North Africa. (Atlantis, the Antediluvian World, by Ignatius Donnelly, [1882]) He told of the people and that they were unusually educated and technologically advanced far greater than other cultures at the time. (Summary of the legend) According to Plato the result of a massive flood possibly bought on by a Earthquake or submarine volcanic explosion caused the great city to sink below the sea.(Summary of the legend) Now for thousands of years people have been debating whether Plato’s “lost city” was fact or fiction. Many Scientist such as Professor Charles H. Hapgood, of Keene State College at the University of New Hampshire believe that there could have been a lost city like the one Plato states even if they don’t believe...
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...Marta Pond Chef Ken Mertes CUL135 12 April 2010 Seafood Research Paper: Flounder (Greenaway) Flounders belong to the order Pleuronectiformes. The scientific name of the yellowtail flounder is Pieuronectes ferrugineus; of the starry flounder, P. stellatus; of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus; of the summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus. The market name is flounder or sole. There are many common names associated with the flounder: yellowtail flounder, yellowfin sole, summer flounder, starry flounder, winter flounder, California sole, and Dover sole to name a few. (The Editors of The Encyclopædia Britannica), (The Editors of Seafood Business) When it first hatches from its egg, the free-swimming flounder has an eye on either side of its head, like most other fishes. After a few days, however, the flounder begins to lean to one side and the eye on that side begins to migrate to the side with the other eye; the side with both eyes eventually becomes the top of the fish. After this transformation, this flatfish becomes a bottom-dwelling fish, with the blind side losing its coloration and becoming the bottom of the fish. With this development, a number of other complex changes in the bones, nerves, muscles, and digestive tract occur. The pattern of the migration of the eye is genetically determined. Some flounders have the eyes and coloration on their former right side (family Pleuronectidae); other flounders have the eyes and coloration on their...
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...GLOBAL WARMING: Energy, Fall 2005 v30 i4 p36(2) It could get a lot warmer. (GLOBAL WARMING) Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2005 Business Communications Company, Inc. If humans continue to use fossil fuels in a business as usual manner for the next few centuries, the polar ice caps will be depleted, ocean sea levels will rise by seven meters and median air temperatures will soar to 14.5 degrees warmer than current day. These are the stunning results of climate and carbon cycle model simulations conducted by scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. By using a coupled climate and carbon cycle model to look at global climate and carbon cycle changes, the scientists found that the earth would warm by 8 degrees Celsius (14.5 degrees Fahrenheit) if humans use the entire planet's available fossil fuels by the year 2300. The jump in temperature would have alarming consequences for the polar ice caps and the ocean, said lead author Govindasamy Bala of the Laboratory's Energy and Environment Directorate. In the polar regions alone, the temperature would spike more than 20 degrees Celsius, forcing the land in the region to change from ice and tundra to boreal forests. "The temperature estimate is actually conservative because the model didn't take into consideration changing land use such as deforestation and build-out of cities into outlying wilderness areas," Bala said. Today's level of atmospheric carbon dioxide is 380 parts per million (ppm). By the year 2300, the model...
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...this paper I hope to shed some light on the theory of continental drift and explain the various ideologies that attempt to explain these theories. The first term that must be understood in order to grasp the theory of continental drift is plate tectonics. The idea of plate tectonics dates back to the 1600’s, but was not given much credibility until 1915. It was at this time that meteorologist Alfred Wegner released a book based on his study of the continents. He proposed that the continents of the earth were once connected. This idea was based not only on the fact that the continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle, but also the fact that there are similar fossils of both plants and animals found in the areas which would be connected if the continents were put back together. Wegener called this one continent world Pangaea.. Although Wegener offered the most credible evidence of continental drift to date, only a few others were confident in his theory. Most geologists ridiculed him for his ideas. The major flaw with Wegener’s theory was that he could not explain how the continents moved. His idea was that the continents simply drifted, forcing their way through the ocean floor. This simply was not enough to convince skeptics. It wasn’t until 1928 that a more credible explanation of how continents could be moved was introduced. Arthur Holmes presented a theory that proposed that not only were the continents moving, but that they were moving because the ocean floor...
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...Prepared by: Brian S. Sheridan Course: BIOL181: Life in the Oceans Assignment: Written Assignment 1 – The Spanish Mackerel Date: 02/18/2012 Physical Description and Habitat - In the Atlantic Ocean there are three fish groups of Mackerel. The (Scomberomorus maculatus) or more commonly referred to as the Spanish mackerel are “mid-level pelagic carnivores” (noaa.gov) that have closely related cousins. The other types of mackerel that are related to the Spanish are the larger but less spotted King mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) - and the (Scomberomorus regalis) known as the Cero mackerel. All types of mackerel are migratory pelagic fish. They inhabit, feed and spawn in areas of the Atlantic spanning from the Gulf of Mexico to Northern parts of the eastern United States. Although there are subtle differences between the three types, this paper will focus mainly on the Spanish mackerel. The male and female Spanish mackerels vary in size. The male usually averages out to a length of about nineteen inches while the larger sized female mackerel can grow as long as thirty three inches (Wikipedia). The Spanish mackerel’s are a stunningly colored fish. They are mainly silver from its head to tail, however the upper back almost glows green, while its sides have layered yellow spots, standing out further due to its mainly black shaded dorsal fin and tail. Mainly looking for prey the mackerel tends to stay in shallower water, sometimes noticed snorkelers and...
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...CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY Study Site The study will be conducted in the Municipal marine water in Don Marcelino, Davao Del Sur. Don Marcelino is the 3rd class municipality in the province of Davao Del Sur, Philippines. According to the 2010 census, Don Marcelino has a population of 41,942 people in 6, 991 households. This municipality lies along latitude 6°15’5” North, and longitude 125°39’57” East and the original name is “lawa”. The fishing distance from the shoreline is estimated about 600- 800 m. Fishery Profile of Don Marcelino Davao del Sur Don Marcelino Davao del Sur has a fifteen barangays in a total land area of 40.73 (km2) according to the LGU. Out of fifteen barangays, ten are coastal barangays; Cali-an, Kinanga, Kiobog, Lanao, Lapuan, Lawa, Linadasan, North Lamidan, South Lamidan, and Talagutong. The total coastline of Don Marcelino is 46.8 km and has a total number of 8,980 fishermen in 1,821 fishing families. 15 15 Fig.1.1 Map of Don Marcelino Davao del Sur Construction of the Gear Troll line will be assembled with four rolls (#80) monocline nylon that will serve as the mainline. Mainline measures 20/25 meters in length. Branch lines will use (#40) monocline nylon. It will measure about 5 meters in length with hook at the end. Each line will have the specific hook sizes connected (#12-13, #14, #16, #18) and will be attached into the swivel. 16 16 COLOR BLUE/WHITE LURE LURE/BAIT COLOR BLUE/WHITE LURE LURE/BAIT Fig.1...
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...Jones Legl 110/Compare and Contrast Paper November 7, 2011 In August 2011, the New Jersey Supreme Court decided on new guidelines making it easier for defendants to request pre-trial hearings to question the validity of eyewitness identifications. Under the new guidelines, a hearing must be held when a defendant presents evidence that the identification of a suspect by a witness may have been influenced. The influence could be any number of factors including police behavior, level of stress during the event, lighting and length of time between the event and the identification. If the evidence is admitted, the jury must be given an explanation giving details of the factors that could contribute to misidentification. Two articles discuss this decision, “Court Raises Bar for IDs by Witnesses” written by Caitlin Dineen for The Press of Atlantic City (October 8, 2011) and “In New Jersey, Rules Are Changed on Witness IDs” by Benjamin Weiser for The New York Times (August 24, 2011), and offer interesting viewpoints on the issue. This paper will discuss those viewpoints. The Press of Atlantic City article did not go into extensive detail as to what the new ruling entailed, instead, it chose to interview local attorneys to get their views. James Leonard Jr. states, “I think it’s going to be a valuable tool for defense attorneys.” While on the surface this new guideline would appear to make prosecution more difficult, Ocean County executive assistant prosecutor...
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...Natural Resources and Energy Paper People, Science, and the Environment SCI 256 “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed.” (Gandhi, 2011) Did Gandhi have foresight into the destructive ways of humans? Earth seemed to have endless amenities that would take humans a lifetime to consume. With the abundance of these amenities, have humans failed to conserve and nurture nature’s gifts in the name of greed? In this paper, the subject to identify and discuss will be the effects that a growing human population may have on the marine ecosystem’s resources, including loss or harm to population of wild species; discuss one management practice of sustainability and conservation of natural resources in the marine ecosystem. Finally, the paper will identify is the risks and benefits of extracting or using one type of nonrenewable and one type of renewable energy resource from the marine ecosystem. From a distance in space humans look at this planet called Earth. Earth covers the massive blue oceans of life. Planet Earth humans call home consist of numerous types of land and marine species from the deepest part of the ocean to the clear shallow water of sandy beaches that lie within an ecosystem. The marine ecosystem is so complex but at the same time it is not complicated. Humans cannot see creatures with the naked eye but can spot a massive blue whale from a distance;...
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...Bio 324 12/01/12 Plastics in the ocean Imagine the massive breadth and spread of our great state of Texas. Now imagine every milli-inch of that piled high with trash: bottle caps, cigarettes, cigarette lighters, tampon applicators, plastic nets, discarded flip flops, Frisbees, soda bottles, milk jugs, diapers, six-pack rings, busted tennis rackets, empty pens, shampoo bottles, empty squeeze bottles of jam, you name it. Now take that image, double it, and plunk into the water. That's what is floating around the eastern corner of a 10-million-square-mile oval known as the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Nicknamed the "Eastern Garbage Patch," this buoyant stew of toxic pollution-most of which is plastic-is only one of five such garbage heaps caught in the swirling high-pressure currents characteristic of gyres. The others reside in the South Pacific, the North and South Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean. And each year, perhaps unwittingly, each one of us adds to plastic to the heap. Plastic makes it into our oceans in a variety of ways. About twenty percent of it comes from goods lost from boats: i.e. accidental loss of fishing tackle and other recreational gear, massive shipping containers carrying millions of plastic items washed overboard during severe storms; litter from pleasure boats, or illegal dumping of unwanted goods. Beachgoer’s debris is also a contributor. The other eighty percent is swept in from land. Just as Nonpoint Source Pollution from fertilizers...
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..., Veerle A. I. Huvenne , Eduardo Isidro , Daniel O. B. Jones12, Galderic Lastras8, ´ ˆ Telmo Morato1,2, Jose Nuno Gomes-Pereira1,2, Autun Purser13, Heather Stewart14, Ines Tojeira15, 8 16 5 Xavier Tubau , David Van Rooij , Paul A. Tyler 1 Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal, 2 Laboratory of Robotics `ncies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain, 4 Norwegian Institute for Water Research and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal, 3 Institut de Cie (NIVA), Marine Biology section, Oslo, Norway, 5 Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom, ¨ 6 Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway, 7 Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany, 8 GRC `ncies Marines, Departament d9Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geocie `ncies Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona, Geocie Spain, 9 Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom, 10 Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands, 11 Institut Francais de Recherche pour l9Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bastia, France, 12 National Oceanography Centre, University of ¸ Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom, 13 OceanLab, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen...
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...The Effects of Trash In our Oceans When someone sees trash in the water do they ever wonder just how much trash is out there? Or how it is affecting marine life? You should. In 2013 Kyra Schilling, lead author of this study, was able to look at the sea floor at a depth of 365 meters, and continued to the depth of 4,000 meters. What they found was a lot of trash, one-third of the trash was plastic, of these objects half were plastic bags. Metal was the second common form of debris found, aluminum cans, steel, and tin cans were found. Other things were found as well that include rope, fishing equipment, glass bottles, paper, and cloth. Kyra made a good point, “We don’t usually think of our daily activities affecting life two miles deep in the...
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