...Everybody Atom opened the doors of Lionel’s Law Firm on his way home after a long day at work. He strolled down the sidewalk looking around at the many different faces of the city of New York. He noticed how people look different, have different cultures, have different clothes, and personalities, and thought about how different people were. As Atom was daydreaming he felt his phone vibrate in his pocket. He looked at his phone and it read Ashley, his wife. He answered the phone. He continued walking home as his wife argued with him on the phone. He stepped to a curb, half looked for cars, and began walking across the street. A car came flying by and hit him, he then flew 30 feet into a building and died. “Woah, where am I?” Atom said as he awoke in all white...
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...convention cold, by convention color: but in reality atoms and void." Those are the words of Democritus, one of the founding fathers of the ancient atomic theory, on his philosophical viewpoint on the nature of matter. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and India, but today, the atomic theory is not mere philosophy, but a scientific concept or model of the fundamental nature of matter. How it went from a philosophical belief called atomism to an empirically-proven, well-studied, scientific concept is what I’m going to explain throughout this essay; focusing on two renowned scientists of the early 20th century, Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr, who made significant contributions to this growing theory of the atom and its structure (the composition of the atom). The Atom before Bohr and Rutherford The modern model of the atom was built upon the many vital discoveries of the major scientists throughout history since the birth of the theory in ancient Greece. Bohr and Rutherford were able to make the discoveries and scientific conclusions they made because they were “standing on the shoulders of giants.” To begin with, Democritus, although not entirely correct, laid a philosophical foundation for the scientists-to-come on the fundamental nature of matter. Fast forward to two thousand years later, in 1803, John Dalton publishes the first evidence-based theory of the atom in a set of five principles about the atom, coining it as the atomic theory. Although having...
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...Pure chemical substances are classified as ionic, metallic, covalent molecular and covalent network. In this essay I will describe the nature of each bonding present in these different types of substances and use this to explain the physical properties they exhibit and their structures. Ionic compounds are compounds that are composed of positive and negative ions. An ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions are held together in a lattice structure by ionic bonds. Usually, the positively charged portion consists of metal (cations) and the negatively charged portion is an (anion) or polyatomic ion. Ions in ionic compounds are held together by the electrostatic forces between oppositely charged bodies. The positive and negative ions in these compounds are thought to be arranged in an orderly three-dimensional lattice. For example, the structure of sodium chloride is shown. In the lattice, each positive sodium ion is surrounded by six negative chloride ions and each negative chloride ion is surrounded by six positive sodium ions. The position of the ions is fixed and apart from vibration about these fixed positions no other movement of the ions occurs in the solid compound. Each ion in an ionic solid is held in the crystal lattice by strong electrostatic attractions to the oppositely charged ions around it. These electrostatic forces between the positive and negative ions are called ionic bonds. Because ionic compounds have high melting points, in other words considerable...
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...Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell) Chapter 1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life 1) Which of the following statements about the leopard is false? A) Leopards are the largest cat in the genus Panthera. B) Leopards, like lions, can roar. C) Leopards prefer to eat their kill in trees. D) Leopards are well-adapted for nocturnal hunting. E) Leopards are normally solitary animals. Answer: A Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 2) Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy as it increases in complexity? A) ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, tissue B) cell, molecule, organ system, organ, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community C) organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, community, cell, ecosystem, molecule D) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem E) ecosystem, molecule, cell, tissue, organism, organ system, organ, community Answer: D Topic: 1.1 Skill: Factual Recall 3) What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system? A) The tissue level of organization is more inclusive than the organ system level. B) Tissues are not composed of cells; organ systems are composed of cells...
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... a depiction of the arrangement of atoms in molecules and polyatomic ions ____ 2. a covalent bond in which only one pair of electrons is shared ____ 3. a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared ____ 4. a covalent bond in which the shared electron pair comes from only one of the atoms ____ 5. a covalent bond between two atoms of significantly different electronegativities ____ 6. a type of bond that is very important in determining the properties of water and of important biological molecules such as proteins and DNA Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | network solid | e. | tetrahedral angle | b. | bonding orbital | f. | VSEPR theory | c. | dipole interaction | g. | sigma bond | d. | bond dissociation energy | ____ 7. energy needed to break a single bond between two covalently bonded atoms ____ 8. symmetrical bond along the axis between the two nuclei ____ 9. molecular orbital that can be occupied by two electrons of a covalent bond ____ 10. 109.5 ____ 11. shapes adjust so valence-electron pairs are as far apart as possible ____ 12. attraction between polar molecules ____ 13. crystal in which all the atoms are covalently bonded to each other Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 14. What information does a molecular formula provide? a. | the number and kind of atoms that are bonded by the transfer of electrons...
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...school year The 2012-2013 year was fun and educational. Even though some of the classes were hard, I still managed to pass it. I love learning new things and have fun in class and meeting new people every day and make new friends. In English, the teacher helped us prep for the GRAD TEST, which was very smart. While prepping for the GRAD TEST I gained some new knowledge like how to make the essay sound very interesting. I was very excited seeing my score that I got from the practice essay since the teacher grade the same like how the GRAD TEST will be graded. However, the history day essay was very fun, too. It was fun because I got to research about the topic that I picked and I picked “Birth Control”, which was a very interesting topic. Some of the information that I learn from “Birth Control” while I was researching was that between 1910 and 1915, 300,000 women died in childbirth. That’s more than all of the men who died in the U.S. wars from the Revolution to World War 1. History day essay was also fun because I get to use the information that I had research on “Birth Control” onto my essay that I am writing. In French, the teacher was very good at teaching because he is very easy going and I understand everything he is teaching. Another thing about my French teacher is that he is very nice and he gives out candy to his students. Also learning different languages gives us more knowledge on the culture and also improves our communication skills with others in different languages...
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...= 35.0459 g/mole) diffused at a faster rate (dAve = 25.8cm), resulting in the formation of a white ring around the glass closer to the side of the heavier substance (HCl, M = 36.4611 g/mole; dAve = 10.8 cm). The agar-water gel set up was composed of a petri dish of agar-water gel containing three wells. Drops of potassium permanganate (KMnO4), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and methylene blue were simultaneously introduced to each well. Methylene blue, having the largest molecular weight, displayed the smallest diameter (18 mm) and diffused at the slowest rate (0.3668 mm/min.). Thus, the higher the molecular weight, the slower the rate of diffusion. INTRODUCTION A substance in the gaseous or liquid state consists of molecules or atoms that are independent, rapid, and random in motion. These molecules frequently collide with each other and with the sides of the container. In a period of time, this movement results in a uniform distribution of the molecules throughout the system. This process is called diffusion (Everett and Everett, n.d.). Diffusion occurs naturally, with the net movement of particles flowing from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Net diffusion can be restated as the movement of particles along the concentration gradient. 3 According to Meyertholen (n.d.), there are several factors which may affect the rate of diffusion of a substance. These factors include the size of the particle or the molecular weight of the substance...
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...Pre-AP Biology Chapter 2 Test Chemistry of Life Multiple Choice (1 point each) Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____b 1. The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains |a. |protons. |c. |neutrons. | |b. |electrons. |d. |ions. | ____c 2. If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its mass number would be |a. |3. |c. |7. | |b. |4. |d. |11. | c____ 3. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and |a. |a different number of |c. |a different number of neutrons.| | |electrons. | | | |b. |a different number of |d. |the same number of neutrons. | | |molecules. | | | ___d_ 4. Which of the following is...
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...Assignment #3 Documented Essay: Chemistry SCI 110 Professor Denise Stiglich Describe the difference between a mixture and a compound As described in the text book, a mixture has unlike parts and a composition that varies from sample to sample (Tillery, p. 200). The book provides an example of sand from a beach. It has a variable mixture of such things as bits of rocks, minerals and sea shells (Tillery, p. 200). A compound is a pure substance that can be decomposed by a chemical change into simpler substances with a fixed mass ratio (Tillery, p. 201). So the difference is that a compound is made up of two or more elements that have a composition that is constant. And a Mixture is an aggregate of two or more substances that are not chemically united. Suppose that you have a pure substance. How can you tell whether it is a compound or an element? The way you can tell if a pure substance is a compound or an element is that an element is made up of one kind of atom. For example, gold is an element. If you were to keep cutting the gold until you only had one particle of gold that couldn’t be cut anymore, you would have one atom. A substance that is a compound has two or more elements. For example, water is a compound that is made up of two different elements, hydrogen and oxygen. What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond? As stated in the text book, an ionic bond is defined as the chemical bond of...
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...Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell) Chapter 1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life 1) Which of the following statements about the leopard is false? A) Leopards are the largest cat in the genus Panthera. B) Leopards, like lions, can roar. C) Leopards prefer to eat their kill in trees. D) Leopards are well-adapted for nocturnal hunting. E) Leopards are normally solitary animals. Answer: A Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 2) Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences correctly lists that hierarchy as it increases in complexity? A) ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, tissue B) cell, molecule, organ system, organ, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community C) organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, community, cell, ecosystem, molecule D) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem E) ecosystem, molecule, cell, tissue, organism, organ system, organ, community Answer: D Topic: 1.1 Skill: Factual Recall 3) What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system? A) The tissue level of organization is more inclusive than the organ system level. B) Tissues are not composed of cells; organ systems are composed of cells. ...
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...Natalia Blyznyuk Chemistry October 27, 2011 Essay Question:How is atomic structure related to the patters of the physical and chemical properties of an element illustrated on the periodic table? The periodic table consists of elements that are grouped together based on the knowledge that the elements have similar properties. The periodic table is arranged by periods and groups. The atomic number usually increases when moving across a row or period. The atomic structure of an atom consists of an electron, a proton, and a neutron. Electrons have light particles and a negative charge. Protons have heavier particles and have a positive charge. Neutrons also have heavier particles but do not a charge thus being neutral. Elements are commonly classified ad metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. The trend that elements contain are: Ionization energy, atomic radius, melting point/density, electronegativity, and reactivity. Atoms get bigger when one moves down the group and smaller when one moves to the right (moving across). The largest atomic radius is considered to be found in the bottom left corner of the periodic table. Along with high reactivity, the bottom left corner is also know to have low electronegativity and low ionization energy. The upper right corner on the other hand is the opposite. The upper right corner has high electronegativity, the smallest atomic radius, high ionization energy, and is very reactive. A broad amount of dense elements are found in the middle...
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...What is Important, Magnesium, Chromium or Nitrogen? When Democritus first discovered atoms, he had questioned, “If you break a piece of matter in half, and then break it in half again, how many breaks will you have to make before you can break it no further?” All atoms compose elements in which have uses currently in our domain. These elements, have economical values, environmental influences, as well as generate a service within our society. Through the fragments of history we have learned the purposes and prominence of certain elements in our world. This following essay will compare and contrast all of magnesium chromium, and or nitrogen. We will converse the importance of one element in contradiction...
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...OPPapers.com FREE ESSAYS AND RESEARCH PAPERS Join Login Writing Service Resources Help Saved Docs Contact Us SEARCH Get Better Grades Today By Joining OPPapers.com and Accessing Over 650,000 Articles and Essays! GET BETTER GRADES Home Page »Science »Chemistry Research Papers There Is No Hope of Doing Perfect Research (Griffiths, 1998, P97) There Is No Hope of Doing Perfect Research (Griffiths, 1998, P97) Syed Hussamuddin Ahmed Course name: Instructor: Date: 04 / 11 / 2010 There is no hope of doing perfect Research (Griffiths, 1998, p97) Research implies ‘searching again’. It is a careful study of a subject, especially in order to discover new facts or information about it (http://www.oxfordadvancedlearnersdictionary.com/dictionary/research). Research can be Qualitative or Quantitative (Research, wikipedia) It is a methodical investigation into a subject in order to discover facts, to establish or revise a theory or to develop a plan of action based on the facts discovered (Research, Microsoft Encarta Dictionary, 2009). Data is collected on a particular subject from various sources.Psychology differs from person to person, because of this the synthasised information results in inaccuracy. Results derived from a research never change in a perfect research. But this is rare. Thompson laid down his atomic model resembling a water melon, and electrons embedded Is this essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access...
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...Chapter 2: Chemistry and molecules of life -Homeostasis- The maintenance of an internal environment -Energy- The ability to do work -Metabolism- Chemical reactions in a cell that allows it to use energy -Element- A chemically pure substance that cannot not be broken down -Matter- anything that takes of space -Atom- smallest unit of an element -Proton- positively charged particle inside nucleus -Electron- negatively charged particle around nucleus -Neutron- uncharged particle inside nucleus -Nucleus- core of an atom -Covalent Bond- strong bond from the sharing of electrons between two atoms -Molecule- atoms together by covalent bond -Organic Molecule- carbon based molecule with at least one C-H bond -Inorganic Molecule- lacks carbon and C-H bond -Carbohydrate- organic molecule made up of sugars -Protein- organic molecule made up of amino acid -Lipids- organic molecule that repels water -Nucleic Acids- organic molecule made of nucleotides DNA/RNA -Macromolecules- organic molecules made up of living organisms (carbohydrates,protiens,nucleic acids) -Monomer- one chemical subunit -Polymer- molecule made up of individual subunits -Monosaccharide- monomer of a carbohydrate -Amino Acid- monomer of a protein -Nucleotide- monomer of a nucleic acid -Cell- basic structure of living organisms -Phospholipid- lipid that forms a cell membrane -Phospholipid Bilayer- double layer lipid that characterizes biological...
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...has commonalities, while still being unique. For example insects all have a hard exoskeleton and numerous legs, but they all have different rolls to play on earth, as well as different shapes and sizes. Another good example is humans. We're all built with the same general composition, but each of us are unique within those boundaries. 2. While waiting at an airport, Neil Campbell once overheard this claim: "It's paranoid and ignorant to worry about industry or agriculture contaminating the environment with their chemical wastes. After all, this stuff is just made ofthe same atoms that were already present in our environment~How would you counter this argument? While waiting at an airport, Neil Campbell once overheard this claim: "It's paranoid and ignorant to worry about industry or agriculture contaminating the environment with their chemical wastes. After all, this stuff is just made ofthe same atoms that were already present in our environment. How would you counter this argument? Yes, that’s right cause the chemicals present in our environment every now and then are the same chemicals that are present in the industrial and agricultural wastes that are contaminating our environment Put in mind first that chemicals is used in large amount may leads or brings us to toxicity or poisoned. In fact these chemicals are made for the benefit of some other people but in the other hand, let's not get away with the possibility that, these are also disadvantage for the others. ...
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