...BA 3322 – Report (Lecture 4 – Auditing the Revenue Cycle) Drea Tech Company has been growing rapidly and has recently engaged your firm as its auditor. It is actively traded over the counter (OTC) and management believes it has outgrown the service capabilities of its previous auditor. However, on contacting the previous auditor, you can learn that a dispute led to the firm’s dismissal. The client wanted to recognize income on contracts for items produced but not shipped. The client believed the contracts were firm and that all the principal revenue-producing activities were performed. The change in accounting principle would have increased net income by 33% during the last year. Drea is 32% owned by Anthony Dreason, who has a reputation as a turnaround artist. He bought out the previous owner of Drea Tech (formerly named Johnstone Industries) there years ago. The company’s primary products are in the materials handling business, such as automated conveyors for warehouse and production lines. Dreason has increase profits by slashing operating expenses, most notably personnel and research and development. In additional, he has outsourced a significant portion of component part production. Approximately 10% of the company’s product is now obtained from Materials Movement, Inc., a privately held company 50% owned by Dreason and his brother. A brief analysis of previous financial statement shows that sales have been increasing by approximately 20% per year since Dreason...
Words: 2017 - Pages: 9
...CHAPTER 10 Auditing Revenue and Related Accounts 1 Explain the concept of accounting cycles and their impact on audit approaches, and identify the accounts in the revenue cycle. 2 Discuss the importance of proper revenue recognition and the characteristics of revenuerelated fraud. 3 Describe the major types of fraud and misstatements that have occurred in the revenue accounts. 4 Describe how to use analytical procedures to identify possible misstatements in the revenue cycle. 5 Assess inherent and control risk regarding revenue cycle accounts. 6 Use audit procedures to test the effectiveness of controls in the revenue cycle. 7 Link the auditor’s control risk assessment to the development of substantive tests of accounts in the revenue cycle. 8 Describe the factors that influence the effectiveness and efficiency of audits of account balances. 9 Apply auditing concepts to test revenue. 10 Apply auditing concepts to test accounts receivable. 11 Describe fraud indicators in the revenue cycle and related audit procedures. 12 Evaluate the adequacy of a client’s allowance for doubtful accounts. Th om so n LEARNING OBJECTIVES Le ar ni ng ™ The overriding objective of this textbook is to build a foundation to analyze current professional issues and adapt audit approaches to business and economic complexities. Through studying this chapter, you will be able to: CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter illustrates the audit concepts developed in Chapters...
Words: 33572 - Pages: 135
...Module 6 – Ethical Dilemma MarlaJean Moreno ACT 450 – Principles of Auditing Colorado State University – Global Campus Professor: Brian Weaver May 15, 2016 Auditing Ethical Dilemma The primary purpose of the audit exercises conducted by all corporate entities is to assure the related stakeholders of the financial statements and other disclosures made by the entity of presenting a true and fair view of the undertakings of the corporation. Keeping that in mind, the auditor bears a fiduciary relationship with the various users of the financial statements issued by any company. The auditors in charge of providing assurance are under a delicate relationship of trust endowed upon them by related stakeholders to the entity under auditory concern. The various stakeholders of the company define the users of the financial statements disclosed by a commercial enterprise. Employees within the organization depend on the financial depiction presented by the company in order to ascertain their relative benefit and possibility of continuing gainful employment. Beyond the actual premises of the business, the information disclosed by the entity allows people who may have interaction with the company to make educated estimates regarding the business operations and activities. These include people who are in business transactions with any organization under concern. Suppliers and other corporate entities working in unison to allow a commercial enterprise to be able to deliver on its business...
Words: 985 - Pages: 4
...REPORT OF COOPER AUDITING FIRM OF APOLLO SHOES, INCORPORATED To: The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Apollo Shoes, Incorporated The ____ Auditing Firm audited the balance sheets of Apollo Shoes, Inc. beginning December 31, 2008 and 2009 and the reports shared to the revenue, complete revenue, investors’ equity, and cash-flow for the period of two years that ended on December 31, 2008. ___ Auditing Firm has evaluated the manager’s statements of Apollo Shoes, Inc. that is placed with the attached Management’s Report in the part of the Internal Control-Over Financial Reporting. In this part, Apollo Shoes, Incorporated has retained effective internal control over financial reporting beginning December 31, 2008, the concern of a variety of standards, of the Internal Control Integrated Framework distributed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Apollo Shoes’ organization has a responsibility to uphold accurate financial statements, keeping effective internal control over financial reporting, and evaluation of internal control over the financial reporting system. __ Auditing Firm is accountable for issuing a professional judgment that will exemplify a complete evaluation of the financial statements, organization’s evaluation, and efficiency and success of the organizations internal control over financial reporting according to the auditing decisions of __ Auditing Firm. ___ Auditing Firm has performed the audit in agreement with the...
Words: 918 - Pages: 4
...“Where were the auditors?” Current Issues and Perspectives “Round Trip” revenues, “Swapping” revenues, “Vendor Financed” revenues, “Cookie Jar” reserved revenues, “Channel Stuffing” revenue, Enron’s impenetrably murky and creative accounting, WorldCom’s financial accounting shenanigans, obfuscated financial reporting practice, corporate malfeasances, the list goes on and on. Abuses in financial reporting have raised a red flag on the efficacy of the audit process and auditors’ objectivity in certifying the credibility of their clients’ earnings statements. The pervasive practice of “earnings management” is threatening the very integrity of financial reporting. Public criticism of the accounting profession, heard for some time, reached a crescendo in the aftermath of the Enron bankruptcy. “Where were the auditors?” This question has been much asked since Enron, with almost no warning, sought bankruptcy protection a mere four weeks after its announcement of the need to restate its financial statements. The follow-up question: “How could this happen to a company that had received an unqualified auditor’s opinion on its historical financial statements for so many years?” The Enron and WorldCom scandals have alerted the financial community and regulators to financial reporting abuses. Corporate governance is suddenly front-page news, forcing many corporations to restate earnings and leading to the passage of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act to hold corporate executives accountable...
Words: 429 - Pages: 2
...Case #3.4 – Sunbeam – Incentives and Pressure to Commit Fraud I. Technical Audit Guidance To maximize the knowledge acquired by students, this book has been designed to be read in conjunction with the post-Sarbanes-Oxley technical audit guidance. All of the post-Sarbanes-Oxley technical guidance is available for free at http://www.pcaobus.org/Standards/index.aspx. In addition, a summary of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is also available for free at http://thecaq.aicpa.org/Resources/Sarbanes+Oxley/Sarbanes-Oxley+–+The+Basics.htm. II. Recommended Technical Knowledge PCAOB Auditing Standard No. 5 Paragraph #9 Paragraph #11 Paragraphs #29-30 Paragraph #32 Paragraph #A8 (in Appendix A) III. Classroom Hints This case provides students with an opportunity to apply their technical knowledge about inherent risk and fraud risk to Sunbeam's business model during the 1990's. By providing details about Sunbeam business during this time, students are able to see the relationship between an audit client's business strategy and inherent risk assessment at the financial statement assertion level. In addition, this case provides students with an opportunity to think about fraud risk assessment during times of significant change at an audit client. To meet these objectives, this case illuminates a number of relevant issues about the development of Sunbeam. In particular, the case focuses on the changes that occurred at Sunbeam after hiring Albert J. Dunlap as...
Words: 2924 - Pages: 12
...Auditing & assurance Case 1.2 1. Consider the principles, assumptions and constraints of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Define the revenue recognition principle and explain why it is important to users of financial statements. According to the revenue recognition principle, revenues are recognized when they are realized or realizable, and are earned. Thus, it does not matter when the cash is received. To break that definition down, revenues are realized when products are exchanged for cash or claims to cash. Revenues are realizable when related assets received are readily convertible to cash or claims to cash. Revenues are earned when the products are delivered or services are performed. It is important for a company to abide by this principle as it is will help investors. By not recognizing revenues when the goods or services are delivered or performed, investors are given false information. If a company is paid before they deliver a good, they have not technically earned that revenue yet. By deferring revenue in such a way, investors are provided with overstated numbers, which makes the company seem like they are performing better than they actually are. 2. Provide one example of how WorldCom violated the revenue recognition principle in this situation. WorldCom violated the revenue recognition principle when they made “top-side adjusting journal entries, often very large, that were allegedly made during the quarterly closing process in order to hit revenue...
Words: 1059 - Pages: 5
...Introduction This assignment is to investigate the company’s financial and non-financial information before making an engagement for audit. Barnes Fischer’s is an auditing company which will investigate Ocean Manufacturing and upon evidence will decide whether to accept them as a client or not. Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. is a small- to medium- sized company which manufactures home appliances such as toasters, blenders, and trash compactors. In the past few years the company used to supply with moderate products at an affordable prices. The company sells its products to small retail stores at small quantity. And it only operates nationwide. However, the company is planning to be listed in NASDAQ and want their financial statements to be audited by a professional accounting firm. Internal Control of Ocean Manufacturing, Inc. Cash and Account receivables control According to the case study, Ocean Manufacturing has high accounts receivables, and if high accounts receivables it means most of the company cash in wedged in receivables account. In addition to that, Ocean Manufacturing staffs are also frustrated because they said that receivables billings are often late and inaccurate. This information strongly tells that the company’s receivables control is very weak. However, this affects the cash control, thus weak cash control can lead to liquidity problems in the company whereby, company will face shortage of cash to meet its short term obligations...
Words: 2282 - Pages: 10
...CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Auditing SOLUTIONS FOR REVIEW CHECKPOINTS 1-1 Auditors add credibility to financial information provided by the accountable party such as management (i.e. auditors make the financial or other information more likely to be true). Other common ways of characterizing this property of audited numbers is that the numbers are more accurate, have higher assurance, or are more reliable. These relate to different dimension of truthfulness, as we discuss later in the text. 1-2 Auditing is the verification of numbers provided by others. To attest means to lend credibility or to vouch for the truth or accuracy of the statements that one party makes to another. The attest function is a term often applied to the activities of independent PAs when acting as auditors of financial statements. Since financial statements are prepared by managers of an entity who have authority and responsibility for financial success or failure, an outsider may be skeptical that the statements are objective, free from bias, fully informative, and free from material error--intentional or inadvertent. The audit opinion of an independent-PA auditor helps resolve those doubts because the auditor's success depends upon his independent, objective, and competent assessment of the conformity of the financial statements with GAAP. The auditor's role is to lend credibility to the statements, hence the outsider will likely seek his independent audit opinion. 1-3 Client:...
Words: 1498 - Pages: 6
...Audit and Assurance Services Chapter 1 1 Learning Objectives 1. What is auditing? Distinguish between auditing and accounting. Importance of auditing in reducing information risk. 2. Distinguish audit services from other assurance and non-assurance services provided by CPAs. 3. Three main types of audits. 4. How to become a CPA? Identify the primary types of auditors. 2 What is auditing? Evaluating 3 Nature of Auditing Auditing is the accumulation and evaluation of evidence about information to determine and report on the degree of correspondence between the information and established criteria. Auditing should be done by a competent, independent person. 4 Audit Reporting -- (Expressing Opinions) The final stage in the auditing process is preparing the Audit Report, which is the communication of the auditor’s findings to users. 5 Information and Established Criteria To do an audit, there must be information in a verifiable form and some standards (criteria) by which the auditor can evaluate the information. 6 Accumulating Evidence and Evaluating Evidence Evidence is any information used by the auditor to determine whether the information being audited is stated in accordance with the established criteria. Transaction data Client inquiry Written and electronic Communications with outsiders Observations 7 Competent, Independent Person The auditor must be qualified...
Words: 2208 - Pages: 9
...executive vice president; Don-Allen Ruttenberg, and the company’s auditing firm; Deloitte & Touche, LLP, and its associates; Steven H. Barry, CPA and Karen T. Baker, CPA, were all found guilty, on some level, in the fraud of Just for Feet, Inc. Ruttenberg purposely gave the company’s accounting department false financial information causing the accountants to record over $5 million in fictitious accounts receivable. This, in turn, caused the income statement to be overstated by $5 million (Knapp, M., 2009). The company’s auditors Deloitte, Barry, and Baker included the false information in JFF’s 1998 financial reports. These false reports were prepared for public filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which resulted in shareholders of JFF to be defrauded. Ruttenberg, Deloitte, Barry, and Baker were brought to justice, and the company’s shareholders settled for $32.4 million in a class-action lawsuit (Knapp, M., 2009). Just for Feet Based in Birmingham, Alabama, Just for Feet (JFF) was established in 1977 and became a publicly traded company in 1994. Despite a period of slow growth in the retail industry, JFF expanded rapidly from 1994 to 1999. By 1998, the company’s exceptional revenue growth deemed it as the top-selling retailer of athletic shoes and apparel in the United States. In JFF’s 1998 financial statements, the company reported $689.4 million in assets, $774.9 million in revenue, and $26.6 million in net income (Securities and Exchange...
Words: 1962 - Pages: 8
...Case Study: Enron Corporation and Andersen, LLP----Analyzing the Fall of Two Giants The accounting issues involved in Enron’s case are: 1) Valuation issues with international assets; 2) Aggressive accounting treatments towards SPEs; 3) Negligence of information disclosure, and 4) Dereliction of duty of internal auditing department. The auditing issues involved in Enron’s case are: 1) Putting its reputation at risk, Andersen issued “clean” audit opinions on Enron’s financial statement; 2) Auditing and consulting services were provided by the same accounting firm, which led to conflict of interest and jeopardized integrity, and 3) The revenue of providing auditing service to Enron occupied so large a share of Andersen’s total revenue that it lost its independence when confronted to Enron. Questions: Q2. a. Every company should be headed by an effective board which is collectively responsible for the long-term success of the company. The board is responsible for providing entrepreneurial leadership of the company within a framework of prudent and effective controls that enables risk to be assessed and managed. The board should set the company’s strategic aims, ensure that the necessary financial and human resources are in place for the company to meet his objectives and review management performance. The board should set the company’s values and standards and ensure that its obligations to shareholders and others are understood and met. But the...
Words: 997 - Pages: 4
...distance discount telephone service, was founded by Bernard Ebbers in 1983. Bernard Ebbers became the CEO in 1985 and the company went public in 1989. Bernard Ebbers was also listed in Forbes as one of the richest men in the U.S. At its peak, WorldCom had about 20 million customers and 80,000 employees and was the second largest long distance carrier in the U.S. WorldCom grew largely by aggressively acquiring other telecommunication companies like MCI Communications. WorldCom also owned UUNET, who controls over 50% of the wires that internet service providers use to carry internet traffic all over the world. Even before the fraud began, the company was already going through financial difficulties due to a large amount of debt and declining revenue. Its $40 billion merger with MCI was the largest in history. They tried to merge with Sprint in mid-2000 but the U.S. Justice Department did not approve. How was the fraud perpetrated? The fraud was not perpetrated in lower levels of the organization. Upper management improperly booked $3.8 billion as capital expenditures, boosting cash flow and profit over 5 quarters, disguising an actual net loss for 2001 and the first quarter of 2002. WorldCom’s management did not account for expenses when it incurred them, instead hiding expenses by pushing them into the future. This made it seem as if they were spending less and making more money. This caused investor confidence to rise, and the stock price to increase at a time when other telecommunications...
Words: 4329 - Pages: 18
...1. Primary audit risk factors that were evident within Powder River’s operations are: • Fraudulent Financial Reporting Risk for Revenue • Other Areas of Fraud Risk. From year-end 2004 through the first-quarter 2008, defendant Brian Fox misled the investing public by fraudulently inflating the revenue and assets and fraudulently omitting major liabilities, of Powder River Petroleum International, Inc. (“Powder River” or the “company”) in the company’s Commission filings, and by making other false and misleading public disclosures. From year-end 2004, Powder River conveyed working interests in oil and gas leases to investors in Asia for over $43 million. Because Powder River promised full repayment of the working interest investors’ initial investment, with a 9% guaranteed annual return of principal, these transactions were, in reality, loans. But Powder River, with Fox as chairman, president, Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), improperly recognized the loan proceeds as revenue in the company’s financial statements. These bogus revenues were incorporated in Powder River’s quarterly and annual public filings with the SEC. 2. Because Powder River promised full repayment of the working interest investors’ initial investment, with a 9% guaranteed annual return of principal, these transactions were, in reality, loans. So it should be recorded as Liability and Payable interest. 3. Management assertions relevant to (a) Sales...
Words: 956 - Pages: 4
...Enron Corporation and Andersen LLP Enron was one of the biggest companies, in the industry of electricity, natural gas, and paper manufacturing. The Company's revenues in 2000 were 111 billion, which made Fortune magazine Comrade crowned her the most innovative in the United States for six consecutive years. At the end of 2001, the company declared bankruptcy with approximately -65.5 billion dollar in debt and the company’s share price fell within a few weeks from a high of nearly ninety dollars to only few cents. As of 2013, it ranks sixth largest bankruptcy of all time. Many decisions and risks that Enron took led them to their collapse. Enron faced risks as of any other energy company such as instability of prices, and as they grew to be a global company they faced foreign currency risks, and different regulations, policies and political risks unique to each country. The complex nature of Enron made the company face greater risks, and that pressure led them to adopt aggressive financial reporting practice, this model increased the likelihood of material misstatements. It enabled the management to overstate its revenue while not disclosing the actual value of its debt. The risk of fraud by management was high. The transactions involving SPE's essentially involved Enron receiving borrowed funds that were shown as revenue without recording liabilities. Also, the amount of misstatements was huge as Enron had hundreds of such SPE's. Complex financial derivative transactions were...
Words: 2037 - Pages: 9