...Reduce Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia? Grace Muiruri (NAME OF SCHOOL) Does Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Reduce Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that can be almost as disturbing to onlookers as it is to the sufferer because it is characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behaviors. The schizophrenic him- or herself may find it difficult to settle into any kind of regular patterns that might constitute a more or less ordinary life, or at least one that had some regularity and continuity to it. Adding to the schizophrenic's problem adjusting might be the reactions of others to ongoing delusions and hallucinations. Recent studies have suggested that cognitive behavioral therapy may provide at least one avenue of treatment for those delusions and hallucinations, one of the schizophrenic's most intractable problems. The delusions and hallucinations represent a significant impairment for the schizophrenic, and diminishes his or her ability to dependably comprehend reality and develop meaningful insights into his or her situation. There has been a significant amount of research into the question of whether or not cognitive behavioral therapy might play a role in ending, or making less frequent, or even diminishing the intense of, the schizophrenic's hallucinations and delusions. Shawyer et al. (2012) looked at the special problem of command hallucinations. Command...
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...Psychological Disorder Paper – Paranoid Schizophrenia The DSM-IV defines paranoid schizophrenia as “a type of schizophrenia in which the following criteria are met: A. Preoccupation with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations. B. None of the following is prominent: disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or flat or inappropriate affect.” And that “delusions and auditory hallucinations predominate in patients with this subtype of Schizophrenia while their affective and cognitive functioning remain relatively intact.” Auditory hallucinations means a person will hear voices, and with paranoid schizophrenia, they generally will give a running critique or command the person to do things. Some other signs of paranoid schizophrenia are anxiety, anger, violence, arguments, and suicidal thoughts. (Mayo Clinic) The surgeon general’s website states that “the cause of schizophrenia has not yet been determined, although research points to the interaction of genetic endowment and major environmental upheaval during development of the brain.” There are a few common anatomical abnormalities in the brain in those with schizophrenia, however “Researchers believe that the dysfunctions are present in brain circuitry rather than in one or two localized areas of the brain” The movie I watched was The Soloist. In this movie, a reporter, Steve Lopez, comes across a homeless man playing the violin. The man is Nathaniel Ayer, and the reporter learns he went to...
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...Research Paper Psychological disorders have always grabbed my interest because when I was younger seeing how narrowly exaggerated shows and movies portrayed the mentally ill made me wonder ‘wow are they really like that?’ and then seeing how some of their cases are uniquely different in person made me wonder how come? So the psychological disorder I chose to write about is schizophrenia because I admire how the human mind works. There are many different opinions on what schizophrenia is or might be for example, a science fiction author named Philip K. Dick believes the disorder is ‘‘not being able to fully comprehend a person’s universe…’’ while that might be true to some, the popular and less abstract belief, is that schizophrenia is a psychological...
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...depot injection but continues to experience distressing auditory hallucinations. Juho currently struggles with self-care,...
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...and Preventions | Final Project | | Chris Furtado | 12/7/2011 | Chris Furtado Crim 120 12/7/11 Final Project Option #3: Drug use and prevention. For my final project I’m focusing on illegal drug use in the juvenile society and how it affects their livelihoods, the different types of drugs teens are becoming addicted to and what new types of drugs they are experimenting with in their society, and why they choose to start using drugs. I will be researching the street cost of these drugs, and the ways that they are being introduced into the American market and juveniles are profiting from it, as well as researching the pharmacology, psychology, sociology, treatment, and the business of drugs. Then I will be finalizing my research with ways to prevent juveniles from becoming addicted to these types of drugs and who to further education juveniles about the dangers and harms of drug use. Researchers have determined that “youngsters who have conduct problems are more likely than others to be exposed to illicit drugs” (Abadinsky: 21). Most juveniles who have emotional and behavioral problems are more than likely to start abusing alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs, according to a study done by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The study done by the (SAMHSA) also found that juveniles were inclined toward substance abuse admitted to delinquent behavior such as stealing, cutting classes or skipping school, and hanging out with other...
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...Assignment Each student will present a written case study of a selected patient with schizophrenia and provide a critical evaluation of the assessment, treatment and management of the patient utilizing relevant research evidence. The work should include the following areas: 1. A critical analysis of the assessment and diagnostic process 2. A critical analysis of the management/ rehabilitation-medical, nursing and other management 3. Appropriate referencing Methodology A random method was used to select the patient for this study. The patient was chosen from a cohort of patients on a psychiatric ward. The aim was to critique the assessment, treatment and management of a patient medically diagnosed with Schizophrenia. Various sources of information were utilized in the collection of information for this project. A research of this caliber demands that sources of information are peer reviewed current and of scholarly sources. Therefore it was with this in mind that the information was collected using internet medical portals, journal article and appropriate text books with a wide variety of information on the topic of choice. The patient’s docket was also used because it is a primary source of information about the management of the condition. Introduction Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired communication with loss of contact with reality and deterioration from previous level of functioning at work, social...
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...Running head: SCHIZOPHRENIA 1 Schizophrenia Excelsior College SCHIZOPHRENIA 2 Abstract This paper discusses the features and symptoms of Schizophrenia. This paper addresses the issues associated with Schizophrenia such as stress. It also addresses the bio psychosocial explanations that are associated with the development of this disorder. In this paper I address the type of therapies used for the treatment of Schizophrenia. The remainder of this paper discusses the rationale uses of these therapies and the effectiveness for Schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA 3 Schizophrenia The key features of the disorder, including its symptoms Schizophrenia is a disorder that is characterized by unorganized thinking and odd perceptions that dysfunction in major activities within a person’s life. These sometime include withdrawals from society; they have delusions and also hallucinations. They also may not be able to show emotion, feel pain, pleasure. They also have a lack of facial expression. They suffer from depression, mania and paranoia. Schizophrenia is the main example of psychosis. Psychosis is a disorder that people suffer from, they become irrational and they have lost contact with reality. This...
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...general umbrella term for mental states traditionally characterised by a loss of contact with reality, during which sufferers may experience episodes of hallucinations and delusional thinking, distorted thoughts or behaviours, even personality changes. Current criteria for diagnosis includes experiencing one or more symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms; disturbed social cognition and functioning, bizarre behaviour, emotional labiality (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Traditionally treatment and conceptualisation of psychotic symptoms has been more the domain of psychiatry. The use of ‘psychosis’ as a term first emerged towards the end of the 1800’s as a new label for ‘madness’ and as a way of classifying illness of the mind. It wasn’t until the mid 1900’s there was a shift in the perception of psychosis and possible psychological processes contributing to psychotic experiences. Bentall (1993) further supported this by writing about understanding psychotic symptoms based on an individuals’ presenting distress/ difficulties rather than focusing on a medical model of psychosis treatment. Though Aaron Beck in the development of the cognitive approach to emotional disorders did explore the idea of adapting a cognitive model to psychosis in a paper in 1952, “Successful outpatient psychotherapy of a chronic schizophrenic with a delusion based on borrowed guilt”, it hasn’t been until the last few...
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...Introduction to Psychology Laura McCormick, Professor February 15, 2014 Abstract Schizophrenia, a classification of psychological disorders considered to be one of the most extreme in terms of psychological dysfunction and breakdown (Carson and Butcher, 1992). This disorder can result in a complete breakdown or alteration of reality. Schizophrenia is often termed psychotic in order to separate it from other disorders that are much milder in nature, such as Mood and Anxiety disorders. It is the goal of this paper to provide an overview of some of the issues and debates regarding this difficult and oft misunderstood disorder. What is Schizophrenia? Dementia Praecox, otherwise known as Schizophrenia, has been regarded as a uniquely distinct disease for well over a 100 years. This disease affects those areas that control how a person functions. It manipulates the individual’s thoughts, distorts their perceptions and causes hallucinations, particularly auditory. The person becomes delusional believing others can read their mind and thoughts of others are being placed in their head. According to the criteria for Schizophrenia described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013), individuals affected by this disorder suffer from disorganized thought processes, diminished emotional expressions (reduction in how physical expression of our emotions), and Avolition; a decrease in self-motivation. It...
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...Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Learning Team B PSY/300 November 17, 2011 Wanda Rush Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Society itself can play a role on an individual and have an effect on that person in many ways. Laws can be passed that can create severe punishments for antisocial behaviors which can have a strong desire for ethics and morals which comes through religious institutions. The primary reason why society can control behavior of some citizens is the natural need for growth and maturity. In this paper we will examine two mental disorders and two mental illnesses along with the similarities and differences from the perspective of psychology and school of thought for treating mental disorders. Normal psychology is described as a person appearing to be in good mental and physical health. He/she tends to be in compliance to societies expectations and would be generally considered a normal person by the general population. The patterns of behavior tend to be equivalent to those demonstrated by most of society. Society controls behavior by two different means. Tradition and Laws! First let us examine tradition. Traditions are simply rituals, which are as old as humanity and conducted so that everyone will behave in a socially acceptable way. For example, table manners are a universal claim, with variations existing in different cultures; they remain similar all around the world. Laws are established by society which...
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...Introduction Regardless of whether the psychosis is functional or organic, consciousness may be constructed from input from our senses, however when experiencing psychosis symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, may provoke the experience of stimuli such as hearing voices or visual disturbances that are not rooted in reality. There is some evidence that psychotic symptoms may be provoked or aggravated by emotional distress, the negative relationship between negative affect and psychotic symptoms, therefore, supports the use of psychological therapies, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Family Intervention (FI) in ameliorating psychotic symptoms. As such we should consider our choice strategy when targeting psychotic symptoms,...
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...Abstract The following research paper will be written on schizophrenia. I will discuss what schizophrenia is. I will discuss the history behind this chronic disease. Also, who is affected by it? In addition, how common it is in some people. And, I will talk about the different types. Furthermore, I will discuss the causes of schizophrenia. If schizophrenia is hereditary? And the different types of symptoms. Also, how it is diagnosed. Lastly, I will talk over the treatment for people with schizophrenia. What is Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness. It is considered one of the psychotic mental disorders and is described by symptoms of thought, behavior, and social problems. The thought problems associated with schizophrenia are described as psychosis, in that the person's thinking is completely out of touch with reality at times. An example of this would be, the sufferer of this disease may hear voices or see people that are not actually present or feel like bugs are crawling on their skin when there are none. The individual with this disorder may also have disorganized speech, behavior, physically rigid, significantly decreased feelings, and delusions, which are ideas about themselves or others that have no basis in reality (for example, the individual might experience paranoia, in that he or she thinks others are plotting against them when they are not). What is the history of schizophrenia? The term schizophrenia has only been in...
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...Paranoid schizophrenia, what must the nurse assess? How do they go about assessing? Upon assessing, how will the nurse manage the outcomes of the assessment? These important questions are what this paper will resolve. Through review of recent literature into the assessment and management of individuals affected by paranoid schizophrenia, this paper will discuss in detail how the nurse goes about assessing the patient, why assessment is vital, common outcomes of the assessment and finally go into detail on how the nurse manages a patient with paranoid schizophrenia. Stein-Parbury (2009) discuss the importance of providing an environment without distractions for an assessment to occur in, as this enhances the ability of both the patient and nurse to listen and understand. This can assist with patients with paranoid schizophrenia, experiencing perceptual disturbances or delusions. It is also important to provide a space that is private, thus giving the patient a sense of safety in disclosing personal information. Snyderman and Rovner (2009) highlight the importance of using a Mental State Examination (MSE), to assess the patients’ mental state and to aid in diagnosing a patients’ mental illness through identifying a range of sections including thought form, content and mood. It also enables the treating team to formulate a plan individualised to the patients needs. The following areas should be assessed in a mental state examination (MSE). Appearance including the physical characteristics...
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...and Therapy The purpose of this paper is to discuss abnormal psychology and therapy. First this paper will define what abnormal psychology is. Then this paper will compare and contrast normal and abnormal psychology. Then the paper will examine at least two mental disorders from the perspective of psychology. Next the paper will examine two mental illnesses from the perspective of psychology. Finally the paper will discuss the similarities and difference among two different therapies in the schools of thought in psychology for treating mental disorders. Normal and Abnormal Psychology Normal vs. Abnormal Psychology The study of "normal" psychology is simply the study of someone who is in good health both mentally and physically. Said person adheres to and is responsive to social norms, and engages in activities that are socially acceptable and do not stray from the norm. Normal psychology is the study of the mind and the study of behavior. When unusual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion are studied, it falls under the branch of psychology called Abnormal psychology. The control and understanding of behavior that is considered to be deviant or aberrant either statistically or morally, has been the subject of much research and debate. Psychologists who focus on abnormal psychology identify the different causes of various conditions all while employing and discovering diverse theories that derive from general psychology theories and research. However this is still much debate...
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...Bureau, 2001a). For the purpose of this examination, we will define adolescents as individuals between the ages of ten and eighteen years, although it is important to keep in mind that there are many different definitions and understandings of adolescents, most of which are not as directly related to chronological age (Santrock, 2001). Adolescents are a very special population because these are often the years in which childhood and adulthood become blurred, roles, expectations and needs change, as well as significant physical and psychological growth. As we also know, experimentation is often characteristic of adolescence and this experimentation can be physical, sexual or philosophical; all of which may possibly lead to drug use. This paper seeks to examine the question of whether or not drug abuse is related to psychosis in adolescents. Literature Review Adolescent Drug Use According to a national study in 2006, over 60 percent of reported that drugs were used, kept and sold on their school campuses on a regular basis. These drugs included popular illicit drugs such as marijuana and Ecstasy as well cocaine and prescription drugs (Eaton, 2006). While many people appear hopeful at the minor decrease in use of illicit drugs by adolescents in recent years, many fail to recognize the corresponding increase in teens using and abusing prescription drugs. Prescription drugs have become increasingly popular with...
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