...between GDP growth and the proportion of agriculture is common in developed countries. In 2000, agricultural industry reached 4 per cent ($25 billion) of GDP and this proportion remains one of the highest in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries (Australian Government Productivity Commission, 2005).There are several reasons for this upward trend during this period, which are specifically, advanced technology, change in farm structure, the change in demands, and trade. Even though there has been negative impact on agriculture, those four areas have led to the high performance of agricultural productivity during this period. Over the last thirty years, the use of technology in the agricultural industry in Australia has changed and improved dramatically. Layton states that one of the key elements to increase in supply is new and more efficient technology (2012, p67). The adoption of new technology is essential for farmers to maintain the level of profitability and to shift production possibility frontier out (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). For instance, satellite technology has been installed when making decisions on land use and some larger farms have invested in more sophisticated machinery and equipment to produce crops more efficiently. Technology has been developed to improve the quality of herbicides, fertilisers and other chemicals to enhance farm lands. In addition, genetic modification (GM) technique makes farm products more resilient...
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...Word count: 1140 Question 1 A. To determine how a competitive market can arrive at price equilibrium, factors incorporating the demand and supply of lamb must be taken into consideration as well as the buying and selling decisions made by households and producers respectively (Jackson, et al, 2011). The lamb market is viewed as a competitive resource market where the demand curve is downward sloping and the supply curve is upward slopping reflecting the direct relationship between resource quantity supplied and prices (Jackson, et al, 2011). In order to perform demand and supply analysis, all things being equal or ceteris paribus (Jackson, et al, 2011) is maintained. The determinates shown as illustrated on Graph 1, that once the supply curve (S) and demand curve (D) intercept, Equilibrium price has been achieved. Forces in the market are constantly changing and producers must be aware of demographic and seasonal demand and supply in order to allocate there resources carefully and effectively to met price equilibrium. The market will constantly evolve and adjust accordingly once equilibrium is disrupted and by doing so lamb producers will shift resources accordingly. The market will constantly evolve until it discovers its equilibrium. The management factors such as drought has seen a switching of resources by farmers to utilize land in order to crop wheat and canola. Graph 1: [pic] Quantity of Lamb (per kg/ unit) ...
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...food items he loves. For example, he has to have bok choy instead of green cabbage from right here. Rice is another issue for us. It has to be jasmine rice from a South East Asian country. He swears there is a difference. In my opinion, it all tastes the same….bland. List all of the components of two of your meals. Meal 1: For breakfast I had eggs, Conecuh sausage, peaches, and iced sweet tea. Meal 2: For lunch I had a ham sandwich with Sargento Colby- jack cheese, Lays brand sour cream and onion potato chips, and a Jell-O pudding cup. I had a bottle of Aquafina water to drink. A. Where did each component of your meal originate? List the country that each part of your meal came from. (i.e., Did that glass of red wine come from Australia? Is the cheese from France?) Meal 1 – Breakfast My eggs Eggland’s Best eggs came from Jeffersonville, PA. My peaches came from Clanton, Al, which is about an hour north of my home in Montgomery, Al. Georgia is known as the “peach state”, but Alabama can give them a run for their money *wink*. My Red Diamond sweet tea came from Birmingham, Al. Birmingham is 75 miles north of Montgomery, just north of Clanton. My sausage came from Conecuh County, Al, which is an hour and a half south of Montgomery. Meal 2- Lunch My Hillshire Farm ham came from New London, Wisconsin....
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...BRAND AUDIT- PRESSED JUICE AND FINN COLD PRESS PREPARED BY: ANISHA D’COSTA, 4901923 PREPARED FOR: BRAND DYNAMICS MKT 70001, DATE 14/4/2014 Pressed Juices & Finn Cold Press | Anisha D’ Costa, 4910923 1 Executive Summary This report was written with a purpose of determining the viability of opening a Pressed juice bar for a potential investor, in Hawthorn-Glenferrie road market. This was achieved by conducting a brand audit of two existing and competing pressed juice bars who service in the area, namely; Pressed Juices and Finn Cold Press. This Brand Audit was performed by means of a physical visit to the Pressed Juice store, Hawthorn and collection of numerous secondary sources of data including online articles for research and analysis of the brand impact on consumers. Both these brands have a unique selling proposition of selling cold pressed juices, a trendsetter in the United States already, and recently in the Australian consumers’ hearts and minds. Pressed Juices have the leading edge of being the first ones to open in Melbourne whereas Finn Cold Press is the niche player when it comes to hand-crafted, naturopathically designed range of juices. Pressed Juices’ stores have incorporated its brand values of creating fresh cold pressed juices on a daily basis through its consistent branding practices seen in their 10 store designs across Victoria and New South Wales, brand elements and campaigns leading towards greater brand congruency. They are perceived as positively...
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...2. In the year 2009, the world was experiencing an economic recession. However, the economic downturn in Australia was not as bad compared to countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. This is due to the fact that the Australian government successfully managed to control the economy. During the recession, there is a recessionary gap which is the amount that aggregate expenditures fall short of the full-employment GDP. This fall in consumption will cause a decline in sales profit and revenue and cause some firms to collapse. In order to survive this harsh environment, firms will put more effort in saving cost which will cause an increase in the unemployment rate. The graph below will be used to illustrate the recessionary gap. E 45° C+I+G=AE C1+I1+G1=AE1 Real GDP Recessionary gap In order to fill up this recessionary gap, (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8080446.stm) the government also introduced a number of multi-billion dollar stimulus packages, including increased infrastructure spending and cash handouts to most Australians since the end of last year to lift consumer spending. In addition, the recovery of the Chinese economy has once again created massive demand on commodities which has greatly boosted the regional share markets (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8546717.stm). The stimulation will merely stimulate the economy but the effect will wear off and the crisis will be back. Sometimes, the effect of the fiscal policy is dependent on the country. Referring...
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...External Case Report The Warehouse is one of New Zealand’s largest retail stores. It is owned by The Warehouse Ltd and Stationary Warehouse is also part of this brand. These two stores are part of the retail industry. External factors are constantly changing the environment and industries that businesses operate in today. Analysing these factors is the best way to determine which aspects have the largest effect on the industry and the business. The retail industry in New Zealand is by no means small. This means that The Warehouse Ltd is constantly under threat from numerous competitors. Stores such as Farmers, Briscoes, Rebel Sports and Dicksmith all sell similar or the same products as The Warehouse Ltd products. In 2011 the total expenditure for the retail industry in New Zealand was $65,901,115 (Retail Research and Statistics, 2009-2011). This is a very high amount of expenditure which means rivals have plenty of opportunities to gain their share within the retail industry in New Zealand. The Five Forces Analysis is the best way to understand the key dynamics, drivers and forces which control the retail industry. The threat of new entrants to the retail industry is an important aspect. The Five Forces Model states that new entrants can pose to the industry consist of (Hanson, Ireland, Hoskisson, & Ireland, 2011): * Product differentiation * Economies of scale * Capital requirements * Switching costs * Access to distribution channels * Cost disadvantages...
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...and producing quality cheese for the Italian community of Montréal. During the seventies, Saputo acquired several production operations and food distributors, and developed its national distribution network, positioning itself in Canada as a leading producer of mozzarella. During the 1980's, Saputo established itself outside of Canada for the first time with the acquisition of 2 plants in the United States. In 1997, the Company completed its initial public offering in TSX. Saputo’s immediate family controls 35 per cent of the company, while his extended family including aunts, uncles and cousins controls roughly another 25 per cent. In 2006 Saputo enters the European market by acquiring controlling interest in a cheese producing company based in Germany. In 2007 Saputo once again enters the European market by acquiring controlling interest in Dansco Dairy Products Limited based in Wales, in the United Kingdom. On February 25, 2013, the Company announced the closure of its facilities in Europe. On January 22, 2014, Saputo has passed the critical 50 per cent mark in its takeover target Warrnambool Cheese and Butter. Saputo's holding in WCB is currently 52.7%. Structure The company operates its business through two sectors and five divisions, the Dairy Products Sector and the Grocery Products Sector. The Canada, Europe and Argentina (CEA) Dairy Products Sector consists of the Dairy Products Division (Canada), the Dairy Products Division (Europe) and the Dairy Products Division...
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...Hong Kong is an affluent free market economy with nearly no import tariffs, a net food importer with a high value food and beverages market and a good showcase and test market for foods from China and other parts of Asia. Its food trends are driven by food safety, increasing health consciousness, altering demographics and busy lifestyles and its trend in food consumption include organic, functional, convenience and snack food, chilled and frozen meat and food for gifts. The major food retail outlets in Hong Kong are supermarket chains and department stores, specialty stores, traditional markets and convenience stores. Hotels, restaurants, airlines and hospitals comprise the food service sector in Hong Kong and there is a trend toward quality food and non-Chinese restaurants like Japanese food, fast food, coffee and snacks and casual dining restaurants.[1] Hong Kong consumers are typically sensitive to price and not loyal to brands and prefer small and convenient packaging, with middle and high income young groups favoring premium Western food products. The qualities of clean and green production environments and high safety standards in connection with foods are seen as competitive advantages. Australian and Victorian producers in the Hong Kong market are particularly well-served in in-store promotion, alongside international trade shows and menu promotions of their products. Hong Kong is lenient in import regulations and standards, food labeling, organic certification and...
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...FLOWER MARKETING IN BANGLADESH 1. Introduction In these days a number of commodities are getting faster market response with the help of marketing activities. One wonderful and beautiful category, which is full of fragrance, is also moving towards a strong branding and marketing initiative. This natural category is the category of flowers. Flower is the symbol of beauty and serenity. It is the only entity which enhances beauties of anyplace where used. Many songs, poetries and literatures have been written on the dedication of flower. The magnificent creation of god, flower can purify the heart of human being and encourage to be simple and calm like nature. Flowers have been regarded as an embodiment of human taste and aesthetics. This unique and unparalleled nature of flowers has given rise to its commercial transaction all over the world. Bangladesh is not far behind in promoting this agricultural product. Bangladesh is a country of cultural heritage. Flower is interrelated with this culture. People purchase flower in various occasion. With the rising demand of flower cultivation is increasing in this country. Thus, Bangladesh has ventured to enter this growing export market. Today the trade of flowers is a promising trade and a number of florists have sprung up who sell flowers. No one could think of exporting Bangladeshi flowers even a few years ago. But this is a reality today and prosperous bonanza for tomorrow. In view of marketing prospect of flowers, a vast agricultural...
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...Chapter I INTRODUCTION In many countries in Asia, goats are very important in the protein diets of the people, as well as a good, stable source of livelihood especially for the poor in the rural areas. Goat production is mostly carried out by smallholders where the animals are kept in small flocks at an average of 5-10 head/family. While rearing of goat remains at a subsistence level, its contribution to the total farm income is substantial. Goat production fits well in the rural landscape as well as in the resource capacity of smallholder farmers. It requires low initial capital and guarantees a high return on investment in as fast as two years; hence it is an attractive undertaking among rural households (FFTC Annual Report 2009). In recognition of its importance, several advanced technologies have been developed to increase goat production in some countries in the region. Technology improvement widely ranges from reproductive techniques and seasonal breeding, to silage making, agricultural by-product utilization, slotted slat barn facilities and total mix ration. However, most Asian small-scale goat farmers do not have access to these relevant information and advanced technologies for increased outputs, giving them very limited opportunities to improve their production as well as their livelihood. Goats are a most likely alternative source of animal protein, and can efficiently provide meat and milk to complement cattle and buffalo production. Goat raising has become...
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...Why Nations Fail Whether a nation succeeds or fails is based on their institutions, extractive and inclusive. Inclusive institutions have unlimited growth with a free market so the people can choose their education, any job, and the chance to own property or businesses. Extractive institutions are ruled by elites, the whole market is under strict control and whatever happens within that economy it only benefits the highest in power. Extractive institutions have poor education and it stops the economy from flourishing and monopolies make it hard for people to own property or businesses. Why Nation’s Fail talks about why certain countries are able to succeed while others fall. Many people debate on how China will end up in the coming years. China’s economy is one of the quickest growing economies in the world because in the past twenty years, China has been growing at an extremely fast rate. It does not seem likely that it will change anytime soon either. Economists’ have been plotting trying to figure out if China’s economy will decline at all for a couple of years now. If they switch to an inclusive economy, it will most likely die off. By having an extractive economy, it will eventually slow down and level out. For example, most of Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, and parts of Asia have all had a fast growing economy, but all ended up leveling off. Rapid growth can also mean rapid crash, just like what happened to the Soviet Union. In the beginning,...
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...Building a New India The Role of Organized Retail in Driving Inclusive Growth Building a New India: The Role of Organized Retail in Driving Inclusive Growth A The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) is a global management consulting firm and the world’s leading advisor on business strategy. We partner with clients in all sectors and regions to identify their highest–value opportunities, address their most critical challenges, and transform their businesses. Our customized approach combines deep insight into the dynamics of companies and markets with close collaboration at all levels of the client organization. This ensures that our clients achieve sustainable competitive advantage, build more capable organizations, and secure lasting results. Founded in 1963, BCG is a private company with 71 offices in 41 countries. For more information, please visit www.bcg.com. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an environment conducive to the growth of industry in India, partnering industry and Government alike through advisory and consultative processes. CII is a non–government, not–for–profit, industry led and industry managed organisation, playing a proactive role in India’s development process. Founded over 115 years ago, it is India’s premier business association, with a direct membership of over 8100 organisations from the private as well as public sectors, including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 90,000 companies from around...
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...looking forward to a career in business and is prepared to invest three years in gaining the knowledge, skills and qualifications he will need to fast track his career. But Joseph needs to find a way to make some extra money on weekends to support his way through university. Joseph is considering whether he might establish a small mobile hamburger stall which he take to various places, markets and events, wherever crowds of hungry people are likely to be gathering and sell hamburgers. To set up his hamburger business, Joseph will have to borrow $10,000 to have a custom-made mobile hamburger stall with a built in refrigerator, gas bar-b-que plate, storage space for utensils and ingredients and sufficient work space. The National Australia Bank is prepared to lend the money to Joseph for the project over a three year period. Joseph will have to make repayments to the Bank of $480 per month. A local celebrity and once-upon-a-time television cook, Ms Jan Power runs a farmer’s market at the Brisbane Power House every Sunday. Joseph learns that he could rent a space at the Sunday farmer’s market for $200 per day. Joseph has also been estimating the cost of ingredients for his hamburgers. On a per, hamburger basis he thinks he can buy ingredients as follows: Ingredients | Cost per hamburger | Hamburger buns | $0.50 | Hamburger patties (meat) | $1.00 | Salad | $0.40 | Sauces and condiments | $0.05 | Disposable plates and napkins | $0.05 | Joseph thinks he will be...
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...particular commodity. The role of livestock can be judged from the fact that about 35 million people are engaged in raising 2 to 3 cattle/buffaloes and 5 to 6 sheep’s/goats in their backyards and are deriving 20 to 25 percent income from it. The LIVESTOCK include cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, camels, horses, asses and mules. During the last five years, the combined population of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat increased from 113 million, Currently, there are some 160 varieties of infant formula milk available in the markets. While breast milk is the best a mother can give her infant in terms of a balanced and healthy diet. Milk is the largest and the single most important commodity. Despite decades of neglect, Pakistan is the 5th largest milk producer in the world. The total value of milk produced is higher than the value of two major crops, that is, wheat and cotton. The production of quality milk is an important part of any dairy operation. It increases farmer's profitability and has many benefits. Our project will be about to educate poor and uneducated...
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...Can institutional reform provide a sufficient explanation for China’s rapid economic development over the past three decades? What needs to happen in order for growth and development to be maintained in the future? The People’s Republic of China is the world’s fastest growing economy following the economic and institutional reforms from 1978 which signaled the beginning of an economy in transition. This shift from a centrally planned system to a market oriented economy resulted in an overall improvement in China’s living standards and productivity. Since then, China has extensively engaged in a range of international organisations and agreements, such as, the participation in the World Trading Organisations, as well as increasing their level of foreign trade and investment, formation of rural enterprises and private businesses, financial flows and globalisation. These are the fundamental reasons for China’s rapid economic growth over the last three decades. There are various definitions of economic growth, however, according to WebFinance (2012) economic growth is referred to the “increase in a country's productive capacity, as measured by comparing gross national product (GNP) in a year with the GNP in the previous year”. Prior to 1978, China’s average annual growth was at a low 6% and with negative declines of up to -27% in 1961. Since the reforms, GNP has been positive and steadily increasing with fewer ups and downs (Hu and Khan, 1997). The Chinese economy has been averaging...
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