...bs_bs_banner European Law Journal, Vol. 19, No. 6, November 2013, pp. 759–778. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA ACTA and the Enforcement of Copyright in Cyberspace: the Impact on Privacy Iryna Ievdokymova* Abstract: As the reach of the Internet expands, governments increasingly seek to introduce initiatives aimed at controlling individuals’ online activity. One such initiative, aimed, inter alia, at introducing enhanced online copyright enforcement standards, is the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA). The paper analyses a possible effect of Art. 27(3) of the agreement on the data protection and privacy rights, as spelled out in the EU legal order. Firstly, the EU legal framework on Internet surveillance for copyright enforcement will be addressed. Next, the principles and safeguards applicable to data processing in the context of communications surveillance will be illustrated with reference to the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. It will be argued that ACTA, if interpreted broadly and implemented without safeguards, would provide an incentive for graduated response systems, which, as it will be shown on the example of the French graduated response, may trump privacy rights on a massive scale. I Introduction Could cyberspace be considered a zone of liberty, for the most part unrestrained by government regulation and intrusion into individual rights...
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...The criminal introduces a program to manipulate the computer's analytical processes, thereby facilitating the crime. The computer is used to connect to networks so the criminal can do such crimes as fraud, theft of service, theft, threats and even harassment. Another method involves converting legitimate computer processes for illegitimate purposes. Crimes in this category include fraudulent use of automated teller machine (ATM) cards and accounts; theft of money from accrual, conversion, or transfer accounts; credit card fraud; fraud from computer transactions (stock transfers, sales, or billings); and telecommunications fraud. Crimes in which the computer is the target include such offenses as theft of intellectual property, theft of marketing information (e.g., customer lists, pricing data, or marketing plans), or blackmail based on information gained from computerized files (e.g., medical information, personal history, or sexual preference). These crimes also could entail sabotage of intellectual property, marketing, pricing, or personnel data or sabotage of operating systems and programs with the intent to impede a business or create chaos in a business' operations. Unlawful access to criminal justice and other government records is another crime that targets the computer directly. This...
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...The criminal introduces a program to manipulate the computer's analytical processes, thereby facilitating the crime. The computer is used to connect to networks so the criminal can do such crimes as fraud, theft of service, theft, threats and even harassment. Another method involves converting legitimate computer processes for illegitimate purposes. Crimes in this category include fraudulent use of automated teller machine (ATM) cards and accounts; theft of money from accrual, conversion, or transfer accounts; credit card fraud; fraud from computer transactions (stock transfers, sales, or billings); and telecommunications fraud. Crimes in which the computer is the target include such offenses as theft of intellectual property, theft of marketing information (e.g., customer lists, pricing data, or marketing plans), or blackmail based on information gained from computerized files (e.g., medical information, personal history, or sexual preference). These crimes also could entail sabotage of intellectual property, marketing, pricing, or personnel data or sabotage of operating systems and programs with the intent to impede a business or create chaos in a business' operations. Unlawful access to criminal justice and other government records is another crime that targets the computer directly. This...
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...Title: STUDENT’S ATTENDANCE SYSTEM USING FINGERPRINT TECHNOLOGY by FARAHANUM BT MASRUNI (2004219959) FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECNOLOGY AND QUANTITATIVE SCIENCES BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (Hons) IN DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING Approved by the examining committee: ……………………………….. ( En. Syamsul Ariffin b Yahaya ) Project Supervisor ……………………………….. ( En. Farok b Azmat ) Project Examiner MARA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SHAH ALAM MAY 2006 CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that I responsible for the work submitted in this project that the original work is my own except as specified in the reference and acknowledgement and that the original work contain here in have not been taken or done by unspecified sources or persons. ……………………………………….. Farahanum bt Masruni 2004219959 ii COPYRIGHT © UiTM ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Alhamdulillah, praise to Allah s.w.t, the most gracious and merciful for giving me the strength and wisdom in finishing this research. At last after a period of time, I have completed my final year project. For this golden opportunity, first and foremost, I would like to express my hearties gratitude to my supervisor, Encik Syamsul Ariffin b Yahaya, my examiner, Encik Farok b Azmat and my coordinator, Encik Adzhar b Abd Kadir for their understanding, and professional way s in assisting and giving their encouragement, guidance, comment and ideas that are useful towards in the development of my project paper. Very special thanks also...
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...Assignment 1: Digital Computer Crimes Brandy N Bledsoe Mark Stone CIS170 July 14, 2013 The computer is a doorway to a world of opportunity on the Internet that is not policed by any single law enforcement agency. The potential for financial gain along with the ease of commission has resulted in many crimes via the Internet that previously occurred via mail or over the telephone. These are the type of crimes that you do not expect as a normal everyday citizen; so many of these crimes are committed right underneath your nose. It is a wide variety of crimes that are classified under digital computer crimes. The following paragraphs will explain the four major categories of computer crimes, the most common forms of digital crime, how the computer as an instrument of a crime presents the biggest threat to the world and the roles and responses of the U.S. government. The first category of computer crimes is the computer as a target, this means that the criminal targets the network and or the device. These criminals possess the skill, technique and knowledge of computers; crimes found under this category are data alteration, network intruders, and denial-of-service as well as computer vandalism. In April of 2007, Russia launched cyber-attacks on Estonian parliament, banks, ministries and newspapers; these countries were in a disagreement over the placement of a bronze soldier statue. As a result of these attacks, the country was disabled and became crippled. The second category...
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...globalization, describe how it evolved over time, and describe the key drivers of globalization. Explain what an information system is, contrasting its data, technology, people, and organizational components. Describe the dual nature of information systems in the success and failure of modern organizations. Describe how computer ethics impact the use of information systems and discuss the ethical concerns associated with information privacy and intellectual property. CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter helps the student understand the role of information systems as organizations move into the digital world, and how they have helped fuel globalization. The student will learn what information systems are, how they have evolved to become a vital part of modern organizations, and why this understanding is necessary to become an effective manager in the digital world. The student will also learn how globalization evolved, and what opportunities globalization presents for organizations. The importance of ethics as it relates to IS is discussed especially as it relates to information privacy, accuracy, property, and accessibility. A number of cases and illustrations are used, for example, Apple products and how they have evolved over time (such as the iPhone, Mac Air, iPod, and iPad). CHAPTER OUTLINE PREVIEW Managing in the Digital World: Apple INFORMATION SYSTEMS TODAY The Rise of the Information Age BRIEF CASE Technology at Starbucks Five IT Megatrends in the Information Age WHO’S GOING...
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...WHITE PAPER Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. 1 MOBILE DEVICE SECURITY— EMERGING THREATS, ESSENTIAL STRATEGIES Key Capabilities for Safeguarding Mobile Devices and Corporate Assets 2 Copyright © 2011, Juniper Networks, Inc. WHITE PAPER - Mobile Device Security—Emerging Threats, Essential Strategies Table of Contents Executive Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT. Copyright infringement is the use of work under copyright, infringing the copyright holder's exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the copyrighted work, or to make derivative works, without permission from the copyright holder, which is typically a publisher or other business representing or assigned by the work's creator. COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT OCCURS WHEN THE COPYRIGHT OWNER'S RIGHTS ARE VIOLATED To fully understand copyright infringement, you must understand what rights you hold as a copyright holder. You own more than just the rights to reproduce the work filed with the US Copyright Office. An owner of a copyright owns a “bundle” of rights. Each of these rights can be sold or assigned separately. Copyright infringement occurs when one of those rights are used without the express consent of the copyright owner. The rights owned by the owner of a copyright include: The Right to Reproduce the Work. This is the right to reproduce, copy, duplicate or transcribe the work in any fixed form. Copyright infringement would occur if someone other than the copyright owner made a copy of the work and resold it. The Right to Derivative Works. This is the right to modify the work to create a new work. A new work that is based upon an existing work is a "derivative work." Copyright infringement would occur here if someone wrote a screenplay based on his favorite John Grisham book and sold or distributed the screenplay...
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...1.1 (Intro.) CS-M74 Software Product Development (2003-4) 1.2 (Intro.) Roger D Stein BSc PhD MBCS CEng CITP R.D.Stein@swansea.ac.uk Room 302, Faraday Tower 1.3 (Intro.) CS-M74 Pre-requisites • CS-M01 Distributed Programming in Java 1.4 (Intro.) Assessment Report 10% Linux / C 10% Group Project 20% Project Specification 30% Written Examination (May/June) 30% Lectures approx. 20 in total ((plus tutorials)) TB1 Tues. 9.00 Far-L ? Andy Gimblett (3 Linux + 6 C) [with CS-244] Wed. 11.00 Glyn-A ? Roger Stein (start on 5 November) TB2 Lectures Linux /C 9 Introduction 1 Ethics 1 Legal Issues 1 Project Management 2 (Group Project 2) Software Engineering 4 1.4 (Intro.) Books B. Ayres, The Essence of Professional Issues in Computing, Prentice-Hall, 1999 S Baase, A Gift of Fire, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, 2003 B. Hughes and M. Cotterell, Software Project Management, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 2002 R. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2000 I. Summerville, Software Engineering, 6th ed., Addison-Wesley, 2001 1.5 (Intro.) Why Software Engineering? “Engineering … to define rudely but not inaptly, is the art of doing that well with one dollar, which any bungler can do with two after a fashion” - Arthur Mellen Wellington, The Economic Theory...
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...COMMON VULNERABILITIES IN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE CONTROL SYSTEMS Jason Stamp, John Dillinger, and William Young Networked Systems Survivability and Assurance Department Jennifer DePoy Information Operations Red Team & Assessments Department Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM 87185-0785 22 May 2003 (2nd edition, revised 11 November 2003) Copyright © 2003, Sandia Corporation. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to display, copy, publish, and distribute this document in its entirety, provided that the copies are not used for commercial advantage and that the present copyright notice is included in all copies, so that the recipients of such copies are equally bound to abide by the present conditions. Unlimited release – approved for public release. Sandia National Laboratories report SAND2003-1772C. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. ABSTRACT Sandia National Laboratories, as part of its mission to ensure national security, has engaged in vulnerability assessments for IT systems with the main focus on control and automation systems used in United States critical infrastructures. Over the last few years, diverse customers from the electric power, petroleum, natural gas, and water infrastructure have partnered with us to gain insight into their critical vulnerabilities...
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...or modify the terms of the AUP at any time, effective when posted on Richman Investments web site at www. Richman Investments .com/aup. Employees’ use of the IP Service(s) after changes to the AUP are posted shall constitute acceptance of any changed or additional terms. Scope of the AUP The AUP applies to the Richman Investments services that provide (or include) access to the Internet, including hosting services (software applications and hardware), or are provided over the Internet or wireless data networks (collectively "IP Services"). Prohibited Activities General Prohibitions: RICHMAN INVESTMENTS prohibits use of the IP Services in any way that is unlawful, harmful to or interferes with use of RICHMAN INVESTMENTS’s network or systems, or the network of any other provider, interferes with the use or enjoyment of services received by others, infringes intellectual property rights, results in the publication of threatening or offensive material, or constitutes Spam/E-mail/Usenet abuse, a security risk or a violation of privacy. Failure to adhere to the rules, guidelines or agreements applicable to search engines, subscription Web services, chat areas, bulletin boards, Web pages, USENET, applications, or other services that are accessed via a link from the RICHMAN...
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...at cracking codes, finding backdoors, and tactics in fooling secure systems. Google is the largest and most powerful search engine and surprisingly in addition to the information it shares about you on the Internet there is a lot of information that not shared. When using the Google search engine your search history reveals a lot about you like your beliefs, associations and other personal information. Anytime that you are visiting websites cached copies of those sites are saved and your activities links to they call “Internet identity” and remains the Google database for a very long time. Bluetooths have proved to be a helpful device for cell phones and hackers now have found ways to them in stealing people’s information. Many of the new cell phones have Bluetooth by for uses like wireless headsets, in-car connectivity, and syncing for your computer. This device allows hackers to do many things with this automated process being so simple in just walking around for as long periods of time collecting as much data as possible and then manipulate it. After the software hackers use searches and connect to a susceptible Bluetooth capable cell phone and began to download things like information from your address book, daily agendas and information off SIM card by phone calls using hacked device and bug phone. Lastly and you now would probably think different about this particular device a GPS. OnStar’s GPS systems now have the ability to collect your GPS location information and speed...
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...up to every computer that that computer has ever linked up to. —Dennis Miller, Saturday Night Live, U.S. television show VIGNETTE Treatment of Sasser Worm Author Sends Wrong Message Unleashed in April 2004, the Sasser worm hit IT systems around the world hard and fast. Unlike most computer viruses before it, the Sasser worm didn’t spread through e-mail, but moved undetected across the Internet from computer to computer. It exploited a weakness in Microsoft Windows XP and Windows 2000 operating systems. By the first weekend in May, American Express, the Associated Press, the British Coast Guard, universities, and hospitals reported that the Sasser worm had swamped their systems. Computer troubles led Delta Airlines to cancel 40 flights and delay many others. Microsoft quickly posted a $250,000 reward, and by mid-May, authorities apprehended Sven Jaschen, a German teenager. Jaschen confessed and was convicted after a three-day trial. Jaschen could have received up to five years in prison, but because he was tried as a minor, the court suspended his 21-month sentence, leaving him with only 30 hours of community service. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Course Technology. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by federal copyright law. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior permission in writing from Course Technology. Some of the product names and company names have been used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered...
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...unjustified access to a computer system with the mindset of damaging, deleting, and altering computer data (Taylor, Fritsch, Leiderbach, 2015). Computer crimes do not necessarily have to involve damage to physical property. The computer itself could have participated in the crime or may have been the intended target. We will look at the four common types of computer crimes, which are the computer as the target, the computer as an instrument of a crime, the computer as incidental to a crime, and crimes associated with the prevalence of computers (Fairchild, 2013). The computer can be used as a destination for crimes where the computer can include offenses like theft of intellectual property, marketing information, or blackmail based on data gained from computerized files. Crimes of this nature can disrupt operating systems and programs with the thought of creating chaos in business operations (Fairchild, 2013). There are various ways computers can be targeted illicit entrances to criminal justice and other government records. An example of this is a crime that targets the computer directly. In this, criminal history, modifying warrant information, creating a driver’s license, passport, or any other type of document for identification purposes is possible. First, we will look at the computer as a target. This is defined as a fundamental denial towards the owner of the entity or by changing the data itself. Changing the data or denying access to the system can be harmful to a business...
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...Effects of Cybercrime Name: Course: Course code: Tutor: Date: Effects of Cybercrime Introduction According to Brenner, Cybercrime, commonly known as e-crime/computer crime, is a criminal act whereby computer or computer networks serves as a target, location, means or as the source of the activity. Its scope covers all the criminal activities revolving around the computer. Such malicious activities include identity theft, web site defacement, financial fraud, and cyber bullying. In an organization, computer crimes involve hacking customer databases as well as stealing of intellectual property. Usually, computer users think that they can protect themselves, their personal computers and their accounts by using antivirus software or anti-spyware, but this is not always the case. E-crimes are very sophisticated and target consumers, public and private institutions (Wall). Computer crimes range from outside parties hacking the computer networks and phish in malicious programs that give users a deceitful sense of security, instigating them to disclose vital information. Some of the effects of cybercrimes are: Loss of intellectual property The greatest effect of cybercrime is the loss of intellectual property as well as confidential information of the business. However, it is not easy to determine the exactly the extent of the losses. Partially, cybercrime is not a zero-game because the stolen information is not fully gone. Infiltrators steal only the company plans including the customer...
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