...Erikson’s First Four Stages of Personality Development Jeff Brown ECE 335: Children’s Literature Instructor: Jamie Worthington May 5 2011 Erikson’s Stages of Personality Development This paper will discuss Erik Erikson’s first four stages of development of a young child, and four literacy literature that coincide with each of Erikson’s four stages of child development. One of Erikson’s most significant contributions to developmental theory is the emphasis he placed on the relationship of society and the interpersonal experience to the unfolding of personality. Erikson integrates these developmental ideas into his theory encompassing an overview of the human life cycle. Erikson’s first stage consists of trust versus mistrust. This stage begins from birth up to 18 months old. This is the stage when the child is at its most vulnerable. It’s also wholly depended on whoever it is that is to provide him with everything he requires to sustain himself through this first stage. This provider is also going to be who this child is going to adapt to as long as the provider provides for this child. When the provider stops providing the child’s needs, the child will begin to mistrust the provider, because the child can no longer trust the provider. The book that coincide with this stage would be The Happy Book: Touch & Feel Fun for Every Little One by Diane Muldrow is a book of rhyming text and colorful illustrations that includes pages with touch and feel textures, scratch-and-sniff...
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...I’m going to describe Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, I’m going to describe Erikson’s theories, a description of each stage of development using a description of an analysis character that represents each stage of development with a character that can be from television show, a movie, or a literary character from a book. You can also use a person that you know in your life such as a friend or relative and also I’m going to explain how each character represents the stage, and how the character resolves crisis. Personality and Psychological Disorder One of the most important things for a human is the personality and psychological disorder, personality is a pattern of human thoughts, feelings and behaviors which everyone will consider unique with. Personality will grow with humans and built from new born and up, personality has different theories that explains the aspects of our personality, the theories are the followings, trait theories, psychoanalytic theories, behavioral theories, humanist theories and personality disorder, the main theory that I’m going to concentrate on is personality disorder. (Boreree,2006 para 24,25,26,27,28 ) talked about the underlining mechanics of the theory the key of the concept is the epigenetic principle, that we develop true predetermine serious of the stages, and always our earlier successes in our earlier stages will effect or impact our success in our future stages. Each stage involved development tasks or crisis to psychosocial...
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...erik erikson's psychosocial crisis life cycle model - the eight stages of human development Erikson's model of psychosocial development is a very significant, highly regarded and meaningful concept. Life is a series of lessons and challenges which help us to grow. Erikson's wonderful theory helps to tell us why. The theory is helpful for child development, and adults too. For the 'lite' version, here's a quick diagram and summary. Extra details follow the initial overview. For more information than appears on this page, read Erikson's books; he was an award-winning writer and this review does not convey the richness of Erikson's own explanations. It's also interesting to see how his ideas develop over time, perhaps aided by his own journey through the 'psychosocial crisis' stages model that underpinned his work. Erik Erikson first published his eight stage theory of human development in his 1950 book Childhood and Society. The chapter featuring the model was titled 'The Eight Ages of Man'. He expanded and refined his theory in later books and revisions, notably: Identity and the Life Cycle (1959); Insight and Responsibility (1964); The Life Cycle Completed: A Review (1982, revised 1996 by Joan Erikson); and Vital Involvement in Old Age (1989). Erikson's biography lists more books. Various terms are used to describe Erikson's model, for example Erikson's biopsychosocial or bio-psycho-social theory (bio refers to biological, which in this context means life); Erikson's human...
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...milestones are notable events, markers, or turning points that affect the development of a certain individual. Some examples of these include graduating from school, reaching your dreams, getting married, getting a job, becoming a parent, retirement, and one’s own death. One of the important things that a person needs to develop is his personality. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, personality is the set of qualities and behaviors that makes a person different from other people. From the definition, lots of questions arise. Some examples are “What makes them different from the other?”, “Why are they behaving like that?”, and “Who am I?” In order to answer those questions, Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development will help to understand the complexity of human personality. Erikson’s ‘psychosocial’ term is derived from two words – ‘psychological’ means mind and ‘social’ means external relationships (Chapman, 2013). According to Ramkumar (2002), Erik Erikson did most of his works during the 1930s to the 1950s as a psychologist. He was fascinated in child analysis. He was the student of Sigmund Freud and he was inspired by his works. From the article of Chapman (2013), Erikson’s psychosocial theory was drawn and was extended from the ideas of Sigmund Freud and his daughter, Anna Freud and the concepts within psychosexual theory of human development. Freud concepts are not however fundamental to Erikson’s theory which stands up well in its own right. Freud focused on the...
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...PSYCOLOGY EXAM Differentiate between Freud and Erikson's approach to psychoanalytic theory in this lesson. You will examine and compare developmental stages side by side and have the opportunity to test your knowledge with a quiz at the end. Example for Comparison Mary has a 3-month-old daughter. Mary bottle feeds her child and follows a strict schedule for feeding times. The child is not allowed to have a pacifier. Mary is an affectionate parent, and all of her child's needs are met. How could the actions that occur in the child's life now affect her later development? Similarities of Freud and Erikson Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory and Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory are two important psychoanalytic theories on human development that could be used to explain the developmental effects of this scenario. In this lesson, we will examine what these two theories have in common and how they differ. Erikson's theory followed Freud's and was based on many of Freud's ideas. Because of this, the two theories have similarities. Both theorists recognize the importance of the unconscious on development. They also both separate development into stages of a person's life and utilize similar age divisions for these developmental stages. Differences of Freud and Erikson However, there are several differences that exist between the names of the stages and the developmental issues that are encountered during each. Part of the reason for this is that each psychologist has his own unique...
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...of bullying at his temple for being a Nordic and at his grammar school for being a Jew. The development of identity became one of Erikson’s greatest concerns. In 1930 he married Joan Mowat Serson, a Canadian dancer and artist whom Erikson had met at a dress ball. He converted to Christianity during his marriage and they had two sons together. During 1930, with Hitler’s rise to power in Germany, the burning of Freud’s books in Berlin and the potential Nazi threat to Austria the Eriksons left to Copenhagen only to find out they were unable to regain Danish citizenship, so they left for the United States. In the U.S. Erikson became the first chid psychoanalyst in Boston. Erikson served as a professor at prominent institutions such as Harvard and Yale even though he lacked even a bachelor degree. Sigmund Freud described personality development as a series of stages. Early childhood being the most important. He believed that personality developed by the age of about 5. Like Freud, Erik Erikson believed in the importance of early childhood but believed that personality development happens over the entire course of a person’s life. He proposed a theory that describes eight distinct stages of development. In each stage people are faced with new challenges and the stages outcome depends on how these challenges are handled. He named these stages according to these possible outcomes. Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust In...
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...psychosocial development of human beings Background: Born in Frankfurt, Erik Erikson's lifelong interest in the psychology of identity may be traced to his birth. He was born on June 15, 1902. The circumstances of his birth were concealed from him in his childhood. His Danish-born mother, Karla Abrahamsen, came from a prominent Jewish family in Copenhagen. At the time of her son's birth in Germany, Karla Abrahamsen had not seen her husband, Jewish stockbroker Waldemar Isidor Salomonsen, for several months. Nonetheless, the boy was registered as Erik Salomonsen .There is no more information about his biological father, except that he was a Dane and his given name probably was Erik Erikson was a student and teacher of arts. While teaching at a private school in Vienna, he became acquainted with Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud. Erikson underwent psychoanalysis, and the experience made him decide to become an analyst himself. He was trained in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute and also studied the Montessori method of education, which focused on child development and sexual stages. Theories of development and the ego Erikson is credited with being one of the originators of Ego psychology, which stressed the role of the ego as being more than a servant of the id. According to Erikson, the environment in which a child lived was crucial to providing growth, adjustment, a source of self-awareness and identity. One of the main elements of Erikson's psychosocial...
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...In my opinion, Erikson’s theory of personality development provides the best explanation of how personality develops in an individual. Erikson’s theory suggests that we develop in stages, from our infancy and continuing all throughout our lives. One of the most important elements of Erikson’s theory is the idea of ego identity. Ego identity is being aware of one’s self through social interaction. Erikson suggests that this ego develops and changes throughout life to take on the task at hand, at that particular stage of life. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development explains personality development through specific stages. Stage number one is trust vs. mistrust. This basically explains how important good parenting is at the earliest stage of life. If one’s caretakers are inconsistent and not dependable, this could lead to trust issues later in life. Stage number two is autonomy vs. shame and doubt. This part of the theory discusses children developing a greater sense of personal control. If a child isn’t taught, or can’t learn, how to do simple tasks at a young age, this could lead to feelings of inadequacy or self-doubt later in life. According to the DSM-IV, “Borderline” is considered a personality disorder. The typical behavior of someone with this disorder is someone who cannot stand to be alone, yet needs attention, someone who has very intense and unstable relationships and moods, drug and alcohol abuse, and anger issues. These behaviors taken individually may seem...
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...Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Personality Development Trust vs. Mistrust Trust versus mistrust is Erikson’s first stage in his theory psychosocial development. It is also believed to be the most important. In this stage, infants learn whether or not they can trust the people around them, especially those they’re closest to. It occurs during the first year of life when the infant is completely dependent on its mother/caregiver. Because the infant is utterly helpless during this time, the personality is affected by the degree of love, care and dependability of the parent. If the parent attends to the child’s needs accordingly, is present and responsive, it is rational to believe that he or she will grow up feeling safe and secure in the world. If, however, the caregiver is emotionally or physically unavailable, irresponsible or lackadaisical, he or she could grow up fearful of the world, viewing it as erratic and inconsistent. I obviously do not remember this period of my life, but I am aware that I was properly and fully attended to. I was the first child of my mother’s second set (8 year difference) and the first planned pregnancy she encountered. I was my father’s first daughter and a really beautiful gift to my family because of that. My mother adored me and stayed at home while my father worked for the full first year of my existence. My view matches Erikson’s theory of the outcome of positive care, seeing how I am trusting, hopeful and comfortable in the world around...
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...Psychology is the study of life stages in which humans experience and the behavioral issues of one’s self. his scientific process has been study by many pioneers throughout history who has shared their own belief and explanations for people behavioral issue and the way in which they act which is mundane to one’s society. One pioneer who has contributed his opinion to Psychology is Erikson, a German Psychologist who created eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter throughout their life, the stages are: Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair . Erik Homberger Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort, Germany to Danish parents. Erik studied art and a variety of languages during his school years, rather than science courses such as biology and chemistry. He didn’t support the idea of going to college so instead he traveled around Europe, keeping a diary of his events. After a year of doing this, he returned to Germany and attended art school. After a period of time, Erikson began to teach art and other subjects American children who had come to Vienna for training. He was then permitted into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. In 1933 he came to the U.S. and became Boston's first child analyst and got a position at the Harvard Medical School. Later on, he also held positions at institutions including Yale and...
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...human development. I will create a personal portrait and integrate developmental theory, moral development, and gender and cultural influences. Erikson Erikson’s developmental theory will be used to analyze my life stage by stage. I will compare Erikson’s theory of development to Lawrence Kohlberg’s model of moral development and analyze how these theories have affected my development from birth to adulthood. Last I will evaluate hoe factors can be explained within the context of gender differences and environmental, cultural, and ethnic influences. We all have different personality traits many are inborn temperament traits and others were learned based on our environment and the support we receive in growing up. Erikson became a leading figure in the psychosocial study of human growth and development, formulating nine stages, with a “conflict” or “crisis” to be resolved at each stage for healthy development to occur (Crandell, Crandell, Zanden, p. 39, 2009). Each stage builds on the preceding stages and the crisis in each stage should be resolved by the ego in that stage. As employed by Erikson (1968a, p. 286), a crisis is not “a threat of catastrophe but a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential.” More importantly he said, “remember that conflict and tension are sources of growth, strength, and commitment” (Erikson & Erikson, 1997) (Crandell, Crandell, Zanden, p. 39, 2009). Erikson first stage of psychosocial development is...
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...Erikson’s Theory Micah Schenk AIU Online Abstract Inside this essay the Erikson’s Theory on developmental psychology is described in full detail, the stages how everyone is affected throughout the stages with detail inside the examples. Using personal and televised characters to define how each character fits inside the specific stage. Detail on how the person had managed to progress or did not progress inside the stage and how to overcome the negative effects. Erikson’s Theory There are eight stages in Erikson’s theory. The first stage in Erikson’s theory is trust versus mistrust, and it lasts from birth through 18 months of age. During this stage, a child must successfully develop a relationship to a caregiver and become attached in order to establish trust and security. This is accomplished when the child’s basic needs are met by the caregiver. The child is likely to develop feelings of anxiety and insecurity if their needs are not met. For example, Adeline is only two weeks old at this current time. Adeline has a strong sense of trust to her mother proven by the fact that when her mother is not around Adeline gets scared and cries during this time Emily or I would have to pick her up to give her that comfort again of being held and fed and providing for her needs and therefore is resolving this stage. The second stage, autonomy versus self-doubt, begins at approximately 18 months of age and lasts until...
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...aware of developmental stages and trends in order to fit care and support for the people we work with accurately. Erikson states that if a person does not transition from one developmental stage to another effectively this can cause problems in later stages and create a sense of fixation. Children develop in different stages and in different ways. A method that has been used to explore these developmental milestones is observation. Observations involve watching a child for sometime in order to understand how he or she perceives and interacts with the world. attributes physically, cognitively and socially of two children, one male and one female, ages five and ten, respectively. This writer will identify the socio-economic status (SEC), age, gender, ethnic background, and family demographics of each of these children. The two children this writer has chosen come from similar living situations (i.e. they both live with single mothers), but have vast differences in their physical, cognitive, and social development. This paper will examine Erik Erikson's Eight Psychosocial Stages as explained by Dacey, Fiore, Travers (2009) in an effort to explain the noticeable differences in the two children that this writer has chosen to observe. These two children were chosen because they are both being raised in a single parent household, which is something that this writer can relate to, as this writer is a single mother. This writer will also explore the Cognitive Development Approach theories...
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...Freudian concept of psychosexual stages, the idea that humans undergo stages of development and resolve basic conflicts by physical and pleasurable gratification (Santrock, 22). “According to Freud, the primary motivation for human behavior is sexual in nature according to Erikson, it is social and reflects a desire to affiliate with other people,” (Santrock, 23). Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory is a well rounded view of life- span development, it incorporates important conflicts during each stage of development that most people can relate to and apply to their own development. Erikson’s theory has eight stages of development and a corresponding age range for each stage. The first stage is known as trust versus mistrust, which occurs from birth to a child’s first year, during this stage the infant learns that he or she is able to either trust the caregiver or develop a distrust of their caregiver. The second stage is known as autonomy versus shame and doubt, during this stage the child, usually 1 to 3 years of age, learns to either develop their own autonomy and independence or if reprimanded too severely they will develop shame when exerting independence. The third stage is known as initiative versus guilt, which occurs from ages 3- 6, in this stage the child uses their newfound independence to cultivate his or her self efficacy and if the child is discouraged from doing so he or she may develop guilt about taking initiative. The fourth stage, industry versus inferiority,...
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...Sasha Lewis EDU 213- Educational Psychology May 1, 2013 Susana Hallner Stages of social development There are 8 stages to social development based on Erick Erikson’s Theory (Ormrod, 2014, pg. 62). In my opinion, potter and clay, describes effective or ineffective social development. The social development of children has a direct influence on a classroom’s learning environment, as well as the teaching strategies of the classroom teacher. Many times caregivers fall short of helping children to build social skills that will assist them in having positive social relationships. Teachers have the responsibility to meet these needs by helping students to build prosocial skills that will help them to succeed in group settings. The various stages of social development Based on Erickson’s stages of development, the caregiver’s actions towards children will depict the degree of social development (Ormrod, 2014, pg. 62). Trust vs mistrust (infancy), Autonomy vs shame and doubt (toddler years), and initiative vs guilt (preschool years) crucially impact the future sociability of children. Can I trust the world around me? That is the question or concept that is answered in the infancy stage. In this crucial stage of development caregivers can either build trust or distrust as part of the child’s personality. Properly attending to a child’s needs or comforting them when they are scared are examples of ways to teach the child people are dependable and reliable; thus...
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