...DISSERTATION REPORT- BACKPACKERS: THE NEXT GENERATION? INTRODUCTION Since the mid-1990s, the tourism industry has become aware of the economic ‘phenomenon’ of backpacker tourism and the extent to which it contributes financially to both developed and developing countries. To date, most backpacker research has focussed on reviewing the experiences and choices in travel of the 18-29 year olds who constitute the bulk of the market. Future research should move away from assuming that backpacking is a homogenous phenomenon and should instead review its diverse manifestations, in terms of differences in age, gender, origins, and particular subcultures. Who is a tourist? Who is a backpacker? These two apparently simple questions have been discussed and debated for years by academics. The tourist is a voluntary, temporary traveller, travelling in the expectation of pleasure from the novelty and change experienced on a relatively long and non-recurrent roundtrip. Tourists were sub-classified into four travel roles:organized mass tourists, individual mass tourists, explorers, and drifters. The definition of backpackers included a preference for budget accommodation and emphases on meeting other travellers, flexible itineraries, longer rather than shorter holidays and informal and participatory holidays. Most studies of backpackers have indicated that more than 80% of backpackers are less than 30 years of age. PRIMARY RESEARCH QUESTION *...
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...THE INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TRAVEL MARKET: TRAVELSTYLE, MOTIVATIONS, AND ACTIVITIES GREG RICHARDS* and JULIE WILSON† *Fundació Interarts (Interarts Foundation) and Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain †Department of Geography and History, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain Abstract: One sign of the growing interest in student travel both from the tourism industry and academic researchers is the global independent travel survey conducted by the International Student Travel Confederation (ISTC) and the Association for Tourism and Leisure Education (ATLAS). The survey, conducted in 2002, covers the profile and travel behavior of 1630 students booking travel from student travel organizations in eight countries. This article reports the initial results of this research. The survey showed that students are frequent travel consumers with extensive previous experience of relatively long trips outside of their own world region. Most students see their travelstyle as that of “traveler,” but a significant proportion of the market characterized their travel as “backpacking.” Motivations reflecting a desire for experience are prevalent with student travelers, particularly in terms of exploring other cultures. Motivations tend to be differentiated by destination region and travelstyle and are distinct between students and other young travelers. In spite of these differences in motivation, however, the activities actually engaged in showed little differentiation between...
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...NAKO TASKOV, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Tourism and Business logistics, Goce Delcev University, Stip NIKOLA V. DIMITROV, PhD, Associate Professor, Faculty of Tourism and Business logistics, Goce Delcev University, Stip DEJAN METODIJESKI, PhD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Tourism and Business logistics, Goce Delcev University, Stip A REVIEW OF THE HOSTEL SECTOR IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Definition and historical development of hostels The hostel can be defined as a facility that provides clean, neat, affordable accommodation for young people who travel in their own country or abroad, individually or in groups, for educational purposes or vacation (Bhatia, 2002). These are places where young people from a different social status and nationality meet, places for recreation and friendship. In the hostel, guests often pay for a single bed rather than a room, share a common bathroom, living room and kitchen. It is intended for particular segments of the tourism market, such as young people (Medlik, 2003). Hostels can offer additional services such as food, information, etc. They are mainly located in city centers or near train stations and public transport facilities (Heyns et.al, 2000). The hostel industry, as we know it today, began to develop in 1907, when Richard Schirrmann, a teacher from the small town of Altena in Germany, decided to adapt one of the empty classrooms for an accommodation and overnight stay for students. This idea was not entirely unique, as inns...
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...Project Report – End Term ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, we would like to thank our course instructor Prof. N. B. Kanagal for guiding us through the course of the project. We would like to thank the founders of Zostel for their undying cooperation during the course of the project, which enabled us to have an insight into the details of backpacking industry in India and their current business. Lastly we would like to thank all the participants who took out time for the interview and participate in our survey and provided their valuable responses without which the study would not have been realistic. 1 Project Report – End Term Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 4 RATIONALE ................................................................................................................................................ 4 MARKETING DECISION PROBLEM ....................................................................................................... 5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 5 DETAILED METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................
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...Situational Analysis Introduction- InterCity InterCity has been transporting Kiwis and international visitors around New Zealand (NZ) for more than 30 years. In 2009, InterCity carried over 1.3million passengers throughout their extensive NZ network (Rode, 2010). Their current business model (B2C) has been developed over time to compete with airlines and other inter-city bus companies such as Nakedbus. The company’s long run success has lead managers to keep InterCity’s business model relatively consistent. However, this approach will not ensure a sustainable competitive advantage in the upcoming future. In order to compete with other companies changes will need to be made to the existing business model. This report will complete basic analyses including; customer, competitor, industry and SWOT. These analyses will lead to the discovery of critical success factors. Combined, these factors and analysis will allow future recommendation to be made in relation to the marketing mix. Strategies will be indentified which include, retaining low pricing, promotions to students, providing an online feedback system, focus on upcoming technologies and maintaining bus quality. Industry Analysis In order to understand the industry, analysis of the four factors used in PEST will be discussed briefly. Political/Legal Regulations and road rules are the main political/ legal issues in the transport industry, such as driver hours, bus facilities, and speed limits. These must be followed...
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...business to ensure it can grow efficiently, effectively and ethically. This will result in higher profitability while recruiting, training and retaining the right staff. b. Chinese Cultural Awareness Webinar for Australian Inbound Tourism Operators – As China is the biggest emerging inbound market in Australian Tourism, completing this webinar will give me a competitive edge by being able to meet the needs and wants of Chinese Travellers with cultural awareness. This will provide a greater level of customer service and fulfilment when they are visiting our country. c. Complete Bachelor of Information Technology majoring in Web Design and Development – As more and more consumers are planning holidays online completing this course will give me the competitive edge by being able to build and maintain my own online booking platforms. This will add more avenues of income to the business while lowering costs of having to outsource this work. It will also give me a qualification that is in high demand with most businesses looking to have a strong online presence now and in the future. 2. Examples of networking you have undertaken or are currently undertaking to enhance knowledge, skills or work relationships a. Australian Tourism Exchange – I have been to 4 ATE events in my working career once as a supplier and the other 3 as a buyer. This event showcases products and services from all over Australia to the rest of the world. I have built several work relationships...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1755-4217.htm WHATT 1,3 Is tourism with a low impact on climate possible? Jonathan Chenoweth Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of a range of different travel and tourism options, and quantifies the carbon-dioxide emissions resulting from international vacations, breaking down emissions categories into those resulting from transport, accommodation and recreation. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses summary data to review a range of possible vacation scenarios and examines their relative carbon-dioxide emissions in order to compare the relative climatic impact of different forms of tourism and vacation options. Findings – The paper concludes that intercontinental flights and cruise ship travel are particularly carbon-intensive, which suggests that these two forms of tourism will be particularly vulnerable to any policy initiative to curb or price carbon emissions. Ends by considering whether climatically responsible international tourism is possible, and outlines some low-carbon options. Originality/value – The paper relates data on carbon emissions to the implications for tourism arising from climate change. Keywords Climatology, Tourism, Global warming Paper type General review 274 The nature of the challenge While much of the discussion about the climate change...
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...March 2013 HIGHLIGHTS There were 6.2 million visitor arrivals for year ending March 2013, an increase of 4.9 per cent relative to the previous year. There were 1.7 million visitor arrivals to Australia during the three months to March 2013, an increase of 5.4 per cent relative to the same period of the previous year. There were 588,500 visitor arrivals during March 2013, an increase of 8.1 per cent relative to the same period of the previous year. Key trends by market are outlined below Download the visitors by market chart[->0]. New Zealand · There were 99,100 visitors from New Zealand during March 2013, bringing the total for the three months to March to 255,000 an increase of 2.9 per cent relative to the same period of the previous year. Europe · There were 71,300 visitors from the United Kingdom during March 2013, bringing the total for the three months to March to 193,300, a decrease of 0.6 per cent relative to the same period previous year. · There were 16,000 visitors from Germany during March 2013, bringing the total for the three months to March to 47,300, an increase of 4.2 per cent relative to the same period previous year. · There were 8,300 visitors from France during March 2013, bringing the total for the three months to March to 27,200 an increase of 5.8 per cent relative to the same period previous year. The Americas · There were 50,000 visitors from the United States of America during March 2013, bringing the total for the three months to...
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...Whole Tourism System Theory in Practice This paper aims to outline the Whole Tourism System (WTS) theory and the practical functions within the system. Weaver and Lawton in Tourism Management state that the different internal functions of a WTS interact to form the ‘single functional structure’. The internal systems required to constitute a WTS were outlined by Leiper in 2004: at least one tourist, at least one tourist generating region, at least one tourist route region, at least one tourist destination, as well as a travel and tourism industry facilitating movement within the system. Whole Tourism System theory is the concept of a number of both internal and external ‘interdependencies, energy flows and interactions’. The 1930s saw the emergence of systems theory to describe phenomenon that are ordinarily too complex. To explain the factors and elements of a World Tourism System this essay will use the Australia to Bali tourist system as an example to explain how each element functioning singularly creates a WTS. Within a whole tourism system tourists play the most valuable role. Tourism is essentially human experience and the enjoyment an individual gains from a destination. The geographical elements within a WTS are the tourist generating region, tourist destination region and the transit route region. The tourist generating region (TGR) within a whole tourism system is related to the demand part of tourism; here people gather information on destinations and this region...
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...Tourism is identified as a crucial growth engine by developing countries around the world including Malaysia in its effort to transform itself into a high-income country by the year 2020. Malaysia’s tourism industry serves as a vital foreign exchange generator, magnet for investments and a major contributor to the nation’s employment rates. Tourism makes up 5% (RM124.7 billion) of Malaysia’s GDP in 2011 and 13.8% of total employment (World Travel & Tourism Council 2011). According to Dato’ Sri Dr. Ng Yen Yen, the country’s pleasant weather and eco-diversity attract over 25 million tourists a year, earning over RM60 billion in tourist receipts. These figures refer to international inbound tourists, meaning the number of tourists from overseas who travel to Malaysia without exceeding 12 months of stay. This essay aims to study the international tourism sector in Malaysia by first analyzing the demand trends of Malaysia’s international inbound tourism and thereafter presenting the long-run effects of demand determinants as a justification of tourist arrival patterns. The tourism supply perspective focuses on the two major components, namely the supply of hotels and airlines. Together with complementary data from the supply and demand of international tourism, the affect on prices is surveyed. Lastly, distinct government policies aimed at tackling shortcomings in the development of the industry will be addressed. In the efforts of broadening Malaysia’s economic base, the government...
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...SEA Economy Case Study – Class B Group Members: Domenic Kortmann, Jenny Hert, Mariella Azizian, Nils Knickenberg, Gloria Neuwinger Topic: Tourism Industry in Thailand Introduction Thailand is a wondrous kingdom, featuring Buddhist temples, exotic wildlife, and spectacular islands. Along with a fascinating history and a unique culture that includes delectable Thai food and massage, Thailand features a modern capital city, and friendly people who optimize Thailand’s “land of smiles” reputation. Thailand has rich sources for travelling and therefore deeply attracts people from all over the world. Each year, around 11 million visitors go there. Actually, tourism in Thailand plays an important role in the Thai economic structure and even in the whole Thai society, and it has a profound effect on Thai economy. This study concerns the background information of tourism in Thailand and will analysis certain problems that come along with it. Tourism is becoming the pillar industry in Thailand. In the last 20 years, tourism in Thailand developed rapidly. According to a survey done by ESCAP,” domestic tourism was able to contribute 29695 million baht to GDP, which was 3.7 per cent of total GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in 1983.” According to another statistic, in 2009, tourism was contributing 14.7 % to Thai GDP. According to the government’s data, in 2010, Thailand attracted 15.8 million tourists, and it generated about 19 billion dollars of revenue. Sisdivachr Chevaratanaporn,...
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...Problem……………………………………………………………………..4 Research Objectives…………………………………………………………………………...5 Research Questions……………………………………………………………………………5 Literature Review…………………………………………………………………………………6 Cultural Tourism………………………………………………………………………………6 The Importance of Cultural Tourism………………………………………………………….7 Tourism Development………………………………………………………………………...7 Case Study: Natural History Museum………………………………………………………...8 Economic Impact……………………………………………………………………………...8 Employees and Services………………………………………………………………………9 Tourists’ Behavior…………………………………………………………………………...9 The NHM as Visitor Attraction……………………………………………………………….9 Research Methodology…………………………………………………………………………..10 Research Philosophy………………………………………………………………………….10 Research Approach and Design………………………………………………………………11 Data Collection…………………………………………………………………………….....11 Data Analysis Method………………………………………………………………………..12 Sampling Technique………………………………………………………………………….12 Ethical Consideration…………………………………………………………………………….13 Time Plan for the Research………………………………………………………………………13 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….14 References……………………………………………………………………………………….14 Working Title The role of museums in cultural tourism - a case study of the Natural History Museum Introduction Background of the Study At present the museums have gained notice as a major...
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...International Tourism “The tourism in Germany” Essay by Florian Otto BECKER Introduction: Germany is the seventh most visited country in the world with an estimated total of 31,5 Million visitors in 2014. It is a widely diverse country that has to show and offer vast numbers of attractions. From the North - and Baltic Seas with its coasts and islands to the Alps, this nation situated in the heart of Europe, offers nature parks, beautiful landscapes, strongholds from the medieval age and authentic Roman treasures as well as a well-developed infrastructure. But obviously there is not just nature or old notable things to see. Germany likewise offers also some of the absolute most energizing cities on the planet where one can appreciate shopping, celebrating, and the excellent restaurants and cafés in the heart of every city. History: The historical backdrop of tourism in Germany goes back to the ancient Romans who used Germanic healing springs and founded cities with spas as Aquae Granni (Aachen) and Aquae Mattiacorum (Wiesbaden). As a result of teachings of Balneology, the first German Spas like Bad Schwallbach established from 1581. From the late eighteenth century onwards, urban communities like Dresden, Munich, Weimar and Berlin were significant stops on a European Grand tour. In the 19th century, noble spa- and health resorts on the coast and inland established when major train routes were built to connect the seaside spas to urban centers. Main travel destinations...
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...Introduction Robinson and Novelli (2005) note ‘niche tourism’ has become a growing trend occurring in current years in contrast to what is frequently related to as ‘mass tourism’. Cusack and Dixon (2006) add niche tourism is known to present diversity and provide opportunities with a form of tourism that aims towards sustainability alongside considering expenditure from tourists. Furthermore, it suggests a more practical set of strategies that distinguishes tourists. Gartner (1996) demonstrates how niche tourism consists of distinct interests, culture and/or activity built tourism including small proportion of tourist in authentic surroundings. Moreover, niche tourism can fall into more specific categories where cultural, environmental, rural and urban sectors are different components to consider when understanding the concept niche tourism (Robinson and Novelli, 2005). Drawing on key literature about eco-tourism planning and how ecotourism is marketed, this report studies the ecotourism prospects in Costa Rica. It also examines elements impacting this specific type of niche which considers the consistent alterations to make the destination more sustainable for tourists. This report will firstly focus on understanding the concept of ecotourism and the principles implemented. This leads on to discussion for focusing on the case study of Costa Rica and how it has developed into an ecotourism destination. Furthermore, a critical discussion of the approaches undertaken by the...
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...CHAPTER 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY PART I: THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY IN THE PAST A. THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM o The civilization of ancient Greece. Key event: The Olympic Games of 776 BC were the first international tourist event. o The Romans. Key event: First roads were built. o Early Christianity. Key event: Pilgrimages and visits to holy places. o 17th and 18th centuries. Key event: Nobility went on Grand Tours. Trips for health reasons to spa towns and seaside resorts. Stagecoaches and coaching inns developed. o 19th century. Key event: Steam transport (boats and trains). First organized tours and excursions by Thomas Cook. Growth of hotels and resorts in Europe. Introduction to traveller’s cheques and hotel vouchers. Birth of mass tourism. o Post-World War II . Key event: Paid holidays. More disposable income. Rowth of holidy camps ( accomodation and entertainment). Package holidays. The invention of jet engine. B. FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIETNAM’S TOURISM INDUSTRY o From 1960 to 1975 Key event: 09/07/1960: Vietnam Tourist Enterprise founded in the North (Only guests of the government were served; having no good conditions or potentials for tourism industry to develop; luxurious hotels, restaurants, bars, nightclubs were mainly in in the South). o From 1975 to 1989 Key event: - Late of 1975 to early of 1976: Tourists enterprises or agencies founded in many cities and provinces...
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