...difference between wrong decisions and bad decisions? Yes there is a difference between a wrong decision and a bad decision; a wrong decision can be surmised as an uneducated guess when you are not privy to the facts of a situation. For instance, guessing what’s behind a closed door. A bad decision is when a person makes a decision with total disregard for all the facts that would guide their choice toward the right outcome. 2. Why do good managers sometimes make wrong decisions? Bad decisions? Good managers will make wrong decisions when they do not have all the facts. Not all managers will have all the information necessary to make the correct decisions especially if the information flow is ineffective in that organization. Communication is a vital part of making the right decisions. Take for example a captain leading his troops in battle; if he is unable to communicate with them; he will be ineffective in giving orders to his men who are scattered across the battle field. Complacency is also another reason for making a wrong decision by not assessing all the options. As most situations are not unique, managers should take reasonable precaution and choose the option that provides the best outcome. If a wrong decision is made, managers should not hesitate to reverse a wrong decision and correct it before it proves more costly. Good managers sometimes make bad decision if they assume that past experiences will suite all current and or future situations. Bad decisions are also born...
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...to 'the principle of the thing'. Duty-based ethics teaches that some acts are right or wrong because of the sorts of things they are, and people have a duty to act accordingly, regardless of the good or bad consequences that may be produced. Some kinds of action are wrong or right in themselves, regardless of the consequences. Deontologists live in a universe of moral rules, such as: It is wrong to kill innocent people It is wrong to steal It is wrong to tell lies It is right to keep promises Someone who follows Duty-based ethics should do the right thing, even if that produces more harm (or less good) than doing the wrong thing: People have a duty to do the right thing, even if it produces a bad result. So, for example, the philosopher Kant thought that it would be wrong to tell a lie in order to save a friend from a murderer. If we compare Deontologists with Consequentialists we can see that Consequentialists begin by considering what things are good, and identify 'right' actions as the ones that produce the maximum of those good things. Deontologists appear to do it the other way around; they first consider what actions are 'right' and proceed from there. (Actually this is what they do in practice, but it isn't really the starting point of deontological thinking.) So a person is doing something good if they are doing a morally right action. Top Good and bad points Good points of duty-based ethics emphasises the value of every human being ...
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...the manager figures. In their everyday operations, managers are faced with many ethical and moral decisions meant to move the organization forward. This means in making important decisions for the organizations, managers are likely to be faced with many challenges. These decisions are meant to move the company forward and can affect the company as well as employees and customers. When making these decisions managers usually think about the various outcomes and how everyone associated with these decisions will be affected. I have been through some ethical decision making as a manager for the company that I work for, making some decisions are difficult because you know that the outcome will change someone’s livelihood and will affect them maybe even mentally. I truly believe that when a manager or a supervisor are placed in these positions they should go through various training and ethical testing process. When an employee or a lower level employee sees a manager doing something unethical in the workplace they will lose all respect for that individual, so a manager needs to carry themselves with honor and humility so that others will notice and will trust them to make decisions. When looking over society and the adverse of some of the managers and upper level figures being in the news for committing crimes against the consumers as well as the company they represent can put a bad name on managers. In most organizations the manager is looked upon as a role model that should provide...
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...controversial decisions in America history, the moral dilemma of President Truman had to face during the War World II, whether invasion or the bomb, a problem in intelligent choice and a matter of life and death. Truman ordered US planes to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. An argument supporting his decision would be that it saved many lives and ended the war. However an invasion of Japan would have been very costly and both sides would have had more losses. An argument against his decision would be that it was wrong to directly target civilians. It also caused long-term damage as many people developed cancer and other illnesses from the radiation left by the atomic bomb. Whether to use the atom bomb on Japan to end the 3 and a half year war. He used it, and it was responsible for the deaths of tens of thousands of Japanese citizens and soldiers. But it did force the Japanese to surrender once and for all. I honestly think this was the wrong way to end the conflict; war is never the answered. Another ethical dilemma that attracts my attention is a situation in which a person is faced with two choices which conflict with their ethical system. Per example in your ethical system stealing is always wrong. Also letting one's family die from starvation is always wrong. A person in such a situation would be forced to commit one wrong to avoid committing another wrong. When it comes to an ethical dilemma a choice must be made and to steal is bad, but not so bad as to let...
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...and “wrong” behaviour in business context Business ethics can be defined in many ways but generally it is about right and wrong. The way organisations behave and make decisions is very important as it has an impact on their sales/services. This is because there is so much competition nowadays, that if organisations do not behave ethically the customers are likely to go somewhere else to get the similar products. For that reason companies are forced to behave ethically and not only because of competition but also because the law requires them to. Furthermore they are other reasons why businesses need to act ethical such as; litigation avoidance, regulatory freedom, public acceptance, investor confidence, supplier trust, customer loyalty, employee performance and finally personal pride. All these reasons can help organisations to make profit and expand as they will be appealing to consumers. For example gaining customers’ loyalty will increase their sales as they will have repeat customers that will spread good word of mouth, which will attract new consumers. Moreover they will also be able to attract investors and employees to want to work with them. This is crucial for organisations as it will help them to save money because they will not need to spend on recruiting and training new staff since they will already have loyal employees. Comparing from “right” and “wrong” in a business perspective, it is difficult for organisations to survive when they portrait bad image...
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...Theories Virtues, ethics, and morals are what define people as good or bad, their actions as right or wrong. American society holds one’s virtues in high regard and often evaluates one based on virtue and moral conduct. Virtue by definition is, “the quality or practice of moral excellence or righteousness” (Collins English Dictionary, 2010). Thomas Mallory offered the most ethical character in fiction, Lancelot. It is his virtue that “Is an essential aspect of his success in arms” (McCarthy, 1988, p. 22). Virtue ethics and ethical relativism, studied by learned philosophers, help define the basis of right and wrong. Major Elements According to Aristotle, morality is a specific attribute of a person with regard to his or her own inner harmony. Aristotle explained moral attributes in the terms of one’s lucid ability of the inner self to manage its appetite for portion. He asserted that moral attributes are erudite and should be practiced to become habit (Athanassoulis, 2010, para 2). According to the textbook, “virtue is a state of character, that of being a good person” (Freeman, 2000, p. 88). Moral theories concern right and wrong behaviors; but virtue ethics change the kind of questions asked about ethics. Major elements in the theory of virtue ethics are the subjective behavior, qualities and habits that can lead the individual to make choices. This theory helps the individual to ask about right and wrong and how genuine fulfillment may be reached (Freeman, 2000, p. 88)...
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...Is Ethics Natural or Learned Behavior Mary Wilcox Ethics and Moral Reasoning PHI 208 Michelle Loudermilk February 10, 2014 To shoot this person or not to shoot this person? That is an ethical decision that has been going on for years, being an ex-military spouse; I have been around the military for a long time. Seeing what decisions a military person has to make, has a big ethical decision in their life. If it is not the correct decision they can ruin their career, or ruin a family when they make that decision to shoot, not only to shoot but what to do with their junior service men under their charge. Every decision that is made has an ethical part of somebodies life. You can follow the rules or break them and ruin everything around you and the junior service men under you. How they have learned to make these decisions is by a lot of training, and intelligence they get from other people. Is that person going to cause them harm, is that person going to cause somebody else harm? These are factors that a military person has to take into effect before making that ethical decision to take somebodies life in a war. For them to make these ethical decisions, they have had to learn them from somewhere, some of these things are almost natural, but most ethics are learned over a period of your life. You learn your ethics from your parents, teachers, friends, and family, anybody that has a big influence on your life, also TV and video games have an influence to a point on...
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...caring than others, some are more selfish, and some are in between both. We make decisions that define us whether they are good or bad, every decision we make will have consequences.The decisions we make might not always be the right ones or easy ones, but we will have to live with the con Freud came up with Id, ego, and superego to define those people's personality. William golding wrote a novel called Lord of The Flies that gives great examples of those three traits. Golding use three charters to define those traits he used Jack as the ID, Ralph as ego, and Piggy as superego. Id is basically our wants, our emotions, when we get anger, sad, hunger, upset. All the decisions this person makes is on wants and not on what is needed. It's like the devil on your shoulder, the devil is telling you to do what is wrong. The person in Lord of the Flies that fits in more of the Id personality is Jack. He is more like the Id personality because he does not care about anyone but himself, he doesn't care what the consequences of his actions are. Doesn't care if they are good, bad, correct, or wrong. He will do anything he pleases, without thinking about it. Examples of this is Jack wants to be the...
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...consequences while justifying if the act is good, bad, right, wrong or stays neutral. Deontology focuses on the duty and obligation you have to act in the right manner and not focus on the consequence of your action. According to deontology those that are in danger of loss of life they should not pull the plug or remove ones self from life support equipment because the morality of the decision will be judged on the morality of the action not the consequence. When applying deontology end of life medical issues then there is only a right or a wrong action, there is no middle ground. Removal of life support is therefore either right or wrong. Absolute deontologists would sat that a good way to look at this act would be to not focus on intentions or consequences but instead only focus on the act itself. The act of terminating life support or pulling the plug and euthanasia ends a life. Ending a life is called murder whether it was voluntary or not. It is the act that is judged not the intentions or consequence. If a person tries to end their own life via whatever means they choose is still murder but its called suicide. Murder and suicide and even attempted suicide are all bad words that have no good things stemming from them no matter how you could twist the definition. These words are considered bad because they are and it takes an act to make them real. Terminating a human life is wrong according to deontology and not ethical. It is wrong no matter what the consequence, intention...
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...What does it mean to make decisions? To make a decision is cutting all other possibilities and only choosing one. You might decide to take the path wide left, or take the path wide right, and for some people, they might even take the path straight down the middle. Usually when making decisions, there is no turning back. In some lucky cases, one can go back and fix their own decision, however it is very unlikely. Unless, of course, going back is your decision, but then it's likely not a very conscious decision, and so the question arises as to whether or not going back even counts as having made a decision in the first place. There are two kinds of decisions, good decisions and bad decisions. Making decisions involves gathering facts and information that supports one decisions or another. For example if your hungry and are in the kitchen, most people make a decision on checking what’s in the fridge first because that’s the most common place to find food (in most cases). According to the Princeton university researchers have found that making the wrong decisions might be the information that the brain received not the brain it self that made the wrong decision. Another words, the fault might be coming from the information your brain downloads everyday. A lot of decisions arise from errors that your brain receives or the noises it hears at the time your thinking of a decision. Making a good decision comes from different parts of your brain as well. For one, studies have...
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...years, psychologists have marvelled at the mind’s ability to process external action, discriminate it, identify it, and to make moral, conscious decisions. The development of psychology and the understanding of the human mind has been a crucial step forward in the development of civilisation, as psychological insights have proved to be beneficial in improving everyday life, helping us in avoiding things that cause stress, to be more efficient in our thinking, and to make better decisions to a certain degree. There is significant importance behind the understanding of the behaviours of the mind and cognitive processes of which it will experience, though it is the conscience that has been questioned whether it alone can be considered as a satisfactory moral authority for making ethical decisions. The answer to this lies within one’s own interpretation of what conscience actually is, though through consideration of various theories, conscience can be classed as a viable moral authority. There are various sources which define conscience in different manners; therefore this essay will review a selection of theories produced by Sigmund Freud, and Thomas Aquinas, whilst providing alternate viewpoints inclusive of those of the Islamic religion derived from scripture and also making reference to law and the effect it has on making moral decisions. Conscience can be defined as “the complex of ethical and moral principles that controls or inhibits the actions or thoughts of an individual”...
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...Most people understand conscience as something which tells us right from wrong, it is generally seen as a moral faculty, sense or feeling which compels individuals to believe that particular activities are morally right or wrong. Many ethical debates have been addressed on whether conscience is innate or developed. When conscience is described as innate, it means that it is inborn within you. From a religious viewpoint, an innate conscience is one which is God given or the voice of reason as a moral guide to what is right and wrong, whereas if it is argued that the conscience is not innate then it is described as being learned or developed according to psychologists. If conscience is innate and God given then does that mean God has told people to act immorally? However if Conscience is not innate then the blame for people acting immorally is shifted to society. St Thomas Aquinas, Joseph Butler and Cardinal John Newman are key scholars who believe that conscience is innate and inborn within a person. Key scholars and psychologists who believe that conscience is not innate are Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, Erich Fromm and Humanist. St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) did not think of conscience as being the voice of God but as the natural ability of people to understand the difference between right and wrong. He believed that all people aim for what is good and try to avoid evil he called this the synderesis rule. Aquinas said that it was innate to seek good because sin is falling short...
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...to glorify Him, to tell others about Him, and to strive to be like Him. In determining what is right and what is wrong, I have always looked to both my parents and God’s word for guidance. As a child, I was taught the Ten Commandments, giving me a basis for what is right and what is wrong. Although I did not always follow them, my parents corrected me and showed me scripture to help me better understand the difference in right and wrong. Today, I still use the Bible and the Ten Commandments when I am torn between right and wrong. God is clear in what is right and wrong. The Ten Commandments are understandable and applicable to every person’s life. Because of these commandments that I was taught at a very young age, I have a good understanding of right and wrong. When I am struggling with whether or not a decision is right or wrong, I ask myself a key question taught by my Sunday school teacher when I was in elementary school. When faced with a tough decision and you don’t know whether it is right or wrong, I ask myself “Does this decision glorify God?” If the answer is yes, I believe the decision to be the right one. 1 Corinthians 10:31 tells us, “So, whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. The subject of evil and death is always a tough one for me. So many times, I have had non-Christian friends ask me, “Why does God let bad things happen to people?”, and “If He is real, why can’t he physically save people?”. First of all, I do think that...
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...to decide the right course of action. [25] Jeremy Bentham was a British philosopher, jurist, and social reformer that developed a theory of Utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham was particularly interested in the area of social reform during the 18th century and his theory of Utilitarianism is as a result of this passion. Bentham’s theory became to be known as Act Utilitarianism. This is because the theory was concerned with the amount of happiness and pleasure that an individual’s action causes in order to decide whether it is morally right or wrong. Utilitarianism is a teleological theory, this being as the morality is not concerned with the action itself, but rather the consequences of said action and the amount of pleasure it subsequently results in. For example, if an act results in a high amount of pleasure then it can be deemed to be morally justifiable, where as if no pleasure is created then the act would be morally unjustifiable and wrong. The rightness or wrongness of an act is determined by both the pleasure in which it creates and its utility/usefulness. Bentham said that the morality of an action can be calculated by looking at the amount of pleasure it produced; as well as using what he developed as the Hedonic Calculus. The Hedonic Calculus places a numerical value on the morality of an action, this being calculated through a number of criteria that mist be given a value for an action. There are seven criteria to the Hedonic Calculus, these include: fecundity – how...
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...Ethical Theory Comparison of Ethical Theories Utilitarianism Ethics Deontological Ethics Virtue Ethics Definition “Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that holds that an action is right if it produces, or if it tends to produce, the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people affected by the action. Otherwise the action is wrong. According to utilitarianism, we should evaluate an action by looking at its consequences, weighing the good effects against the bad effects on all the people affected by it. If the good outweighs the bad, it tends to be a good action; if the bad outweighs the good, it tends to be a bad action” (DeGeorge, R. T. (2005). “The deontological approach to ethics denies the utilitarian claim that morality of an action depends on its consequences. Deontologists maintain that actions are morally right or wrong independent of their consequences. Moral rightness and wrongness are basic and ultimate moral terms. The deontological approach is not dependent on good and the production of, or the failure to produce, good. A person’s duty is to do what is morally right and to avoid what is morally wrong, regardless of the consequences. “Virtue ethics is currently one of three major approaches in normative ethics. It may, initially, be identified as the one that emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to the approach which emphasizes duties or rules (deontology) or that which emphasizes the consequences of actions (consequentialism)...
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