...Religious Trends Phyllis Montgomery AGUC1209C Soc/105 Introduction to Popular American Culture Chuck Brown 05-19-10. Can Baptist agree on baptism for children? This question is what set some Christian apart when it comes to baptizing their kids at an early age. Because some of them reject baptizing kids at a young age, because children do not understand or know any better. Many nondenominational churches request that members get immerse in water no matter what your age is. While other accepts you as a member just because you had some water sprinkle on you when was a kid (Ken Camp, Baptist Standard Friday April 23, 2010).However, nearly all believers that have been baptize believe it is a no-soul saving power. But some believe baptism to be very vital in becoming a member of any church, so if this is true why such a big deal about children being dunk into some water to prove a point in the first place. Furthermore, many Christians pick a church base on the different programs that are offer like music, two services during Sunday, and of course whether kids are baptize at an early age. Because, some churches want to know before you even join are you or have you ever been baptize or not. Because denominations are losing their grip on member being baptize. Some people move from city to city looking for a church to call home. Wherever, people come from and what reason they are looking for a new home church. All people are looking for is a stable foundation...
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...Effects of Corruption in Multinational Corporation’s [Student name] [Professor’s name] [Course title] [Date] Introduction Corruption can be defined as a spiritual or moral deviation from an ideal. Corruption come in different styles and that include bribery and funds embezzlement. Corruption has been the number one menace in many countries of the world. It impacts countries in many ways, impacting economy and development in a negative way. Corruption tends to raise the cost of government and may lower the rate of infrastructure growth. Most importantly, corruption has a negative impact on capitalism and foreign investment in that; it changes the environment which in turns affects decisions and actions. Corruption causes discriminatory treatment along tribal, ethnic, race and class. It also impacts in decision making process. Multinational corporations (MNCs) may be unable to compete in certain countries due to dishonesty by government officials, dependent upon a system of graft and bribery to approve and facilitate permits and various company operations. Corruption may be at the highest levels of government, where government decisions regarding military equipment, civilian aircraft, infrastructure or broad policy decisions about industrial subsidies are made, based upon favoritism rather than ethical weighing of facts. Corruption may involve elected officials and politicians as well as nonelected officials. Corruption may be voluntary and petty, for instance, paying...
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...helping organizations and individuals to avoid such cases and experiences in the future. Siemens was considered one of the most powerful and productive companies in the field of electronics and that bribery scandal surely affected its business and popularity in the world greatly. It was difficult to understand the underlying causes of this bribery scandal, especially on the part of such large, successful and popular company known not only in Germany but also all over the world. In fact, several employees and even executive board members were charged guilty in this scandal and imposed huge monetary fines for illegal and unethical behavior harming the business of the company greatly. Brooks and Dunn stated that the company developed a corrupt organizational culture “in which hundreds of millions of Euros were put into slush funds that were then used to pay bribes in order to obtain lucrative contracts” (Brooks and Dunn 290-291). There were several cases of such bribery scandals within the company affecting its success and efficacy greatly. Ethical and appropriate behavior of the company’s employees was questioned after those scandals resulting in the firing procedures in the professional environment. The organization surely made several mistakes which resulted in such scandals and affected the future organization of business on the national and...
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...company said, but this year, the retailer said it's not sure how customers will use the refunds. Going forward, Wal-Mart said it's unclear how the payroll tax, implemented last month when the U.S. government allowed a temporary 2 percentage point cut in Social Security taxes to expire last month, will affect spending. Nearly all working Americans are taking home less pay and that payroll tax increase will equate to $70 per month less in take home pay for Wal-Mart shoppers, assuming an average annual income of $42,500. Also, Wal-Mart said it still is grappling with allegations that surfaced last April that it failed to notify law enforcement that company officials authorized millions of dollars in bribes in Mexico to gain favors. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act forbids American companies from bribing foreign officials. The company has launched an internal investigation and is working with government officials in the U.S. and Mexico. In November, Wal-Mart said in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission that it was looking into potential...
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...| | | Jextra Neighbourhood Stores in Malaysia By Nichole Williams, AMBA660, January 22, 2013 | | | Introduction This analysis consists of the issues of bribery and business deals that are direct conflicts of interest facing Jextra’s country manager for the Neighbourhood Markets Division in Malaysia, Tom Chong. During this analysis the areas of social ethical and legal challenges, how Chong should address the issues, should managers be held accountable for corruption, where to go for guidance if these matters where to arise in your company and lastly; recommend steps for Jextra to help build its corporate culture for the long term benefit of the company. What are the major social, ethical, or legal challenges that Jextra faces in operating in Malaysia? Are these the kind of issues Chong should have anticipated as a country manager? The major social, ethical and legal challenges that Jextra faces while operating in Malaysia include bribery and conflicts of interest. The issues that Jextra is facing are not uncommon in international business, and as a country manager Chong should anticipate these types of issues to as well as other legal issues that include product safety and liability, marketing practice, rule of origin, jurisdiction, and intellectual property protection when conducting international business as described in DRS. (pg 129) How should Chong resolve the requests from the mayor of Klang? Resolving the request from the mayor of Klang is a...
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...FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT 1. Discuss the economic and social impact of brides and other similar payments in emerging economies. Corruption can take many forms and can be found in many countries, but mainly in the emerging ones. The main form of corruption is the bribery in the form of payments demanded by the government or ministry officials in exchange for a favor (granting a service, awarding a business).Corruption affects all the businesses that interfere with the government, but studies have shown that certain industries are more exposed to it. These industries are construction, airline manufacturing, power plants, and oil and gas production. In emerging economies the impact of bribes and other similar payments can affect the economic development of the countries. It can affect the decision made by those in power; the quality of these decisions and can also affect the foreign investments by reducing the inflow of foreign direct investments. Once a company decides to make these payments it will damage its public image and it will make it very difficult for the company to refuse these payments in the future. In countries with a high level of corruption people lose their trust in the government, in the efficiency of the legal institutions. There is a strong relationship between the quality of the state run institutions and public services and the people. The stronger tis relationship is the lower the risk of corruption will be. 2. Is the “optimal” amount of bribery...
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...IKEA in 1943 and now it is the world’s biggest retail furniture provider. Its prices are very competitive and it was the first company to provide products in flat packages. IKEA has 226 stores around the globe, and earned over $17.7 Billion of revenue as of august 2005. Its famous catalogue that is released on annual basis, accounts for 70% of total marketing communication. IKEA’s marketing, both global and domestic, is affected by a number of environmental factors. We will be discussing all those factors, affect of global economic interdependency, affect of trade agreements and other business practices, and material road and communication networks. Topics like social responsibility, ethics and actual law, cultural differences, and foreign corrupt practices act of 1997 will be discussed. Finally, we will go through effect of political systems, pressure of international relations and effect of technology on overall business. Influence of Global Economic Interdependence & Effect of Trade Practices and Agreements Trade agreements, business practices and the economy help in understanding the purchasing power of the customers. It means they work with earnings, prices, reserves, loans and GDP. These factors should be kept in mind when any organization decides to go global. They should carefully plan their marketing mix in accordance to the target consumers. Pricing is of prime importance here and should be according to prevalent economics conditions there. IKEA has presence in either...
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...FCPA PAPER The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) evolved from investigations by the Office of the Special Prosecutor that provided evidence of illegal acts perpetrated by U.S. firms in foreign lands. More than 400 U.S. companies admitted to making questionable payments to various foreign governments and political parties as part of an amnesty program (U.S. Department of Justice http://www.usdoj.gov). Given the environment of the 1970s and the proliferation of white-collar crimes (e.g., insider trading, bribery, false financial statements, etc.), particularly the payments made to foreign officials by corporations, Congress felt obligated to introduce legislation that led to the act. Congress's objective was to restore confidence in the manner U.S. companies’ transacted business. The FCPA is unique. Throughout history, governments have had laws making it illegal for governmental officials to take a bribe. One basic provision of the FCPA is that it prohibits U.S. partnerships, companies, and organizations from not only giving payments but also offering or authorizing payments to foreign officials or political parties with the objective of encouraging or assuring business relationships. There are two types of bribery provisions. The first prohibits any bribes made directly by the U.S. company. The second prohibits any organization from knowingly arranging for a bribe through an intermediary. Many thought that the FCPA would place U.S. companies at a disadvantage in the...
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...to whom they pledge their lives when danger is imminent. The person who places love above all else is in danger during times of crisis. Conversely, men are careful not to offend those they fear, because they fear the punishment and are more likely to remain true to their pledge. There is a caution in this assertion to know the difference between fear and hatred and the recommendation is to be feared, but not hated. Man should strive to be in control of that which is can and not rely on the uncontrollable. Since love is dependent the perception of others and fear is dependent upon actions, man should build on the actions he can control but to do so in such a way as to escape hatred. Pastin and Hooker (1980) state that the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is legislation designed to prevent bribery of foreign officials and other payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The legislation is an attempt to address the problem of corruption, but rather than address bribery from a moral perspective, Pastin and Hooker (1980) raise the issue of whether the legislation itself is moral. They offer two tests to assess the morality of the legislation: the End-Point Assessment and the Rule Assessment tests. End-Point rule tests whether the legislation is of benefit to the well-being of society and is sound if the law promotes the well-being of society. Rule Assessment tests whether the rule is categorical or prima facie. Categorical means the rule is unbendable...
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...The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ( FCPA) was in a spot to make a challenge or to put an end to American companies from compensating or making a profit out of payments to foreign officials for the purpose of receiving or getting a little in return for their deal. Even though if there is Geletex is instituted to contributing in any bribery according to the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act Jed realizes that when profits were being made internationally each country has its own means of doing things and their belief system of philosophy of what was right or what was wrong. It just might be suitable in some countries to agree to what they might call contributions to get the ball rolling or to care for their business. But how far are Geletex and Jed going to go are they already crossing the line? Jed is likely to be having a crisis in Lima, Peru when looking over the book; he realizes that the commissions are greater than they were back in the states. Now at this point, this is where Jed is okay with the FCPA since his company over in Peru is using the high commissions to the sale workers as a cover up for providing bribes in substitute for contracts from their commercial customers than yes that would be considered as ethically wrong. But in the FCPA it is stated and it has been altered that the payments has to be to an foreign official, political party, or party official or you have to known that it was third party that is going to grant that money to an official on your behave...
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...Research Methodology • Title A study of the effect of bribery and corruption with lack of censorship in the governmental institution There are various reasons why corruption takes place and takes hold. Sometimes it is due to the fact that officials are simply not paid very much and so they need to supplement their salaries with money from bribes. Sometimes the bureaucratic system is set up in such a way that officials simply refuse to carry out their duties unless they are ‘encouraged’ by being offered bribes. In other cases it is actually part of the tradition and culture of a country to give and receive ‘gifts’ in order to get anything done. In some cases companies from less corrupt countries allegedly engage in bribery in order to do business in countries where corruption is the norm, otherwise they would not be able to operate successfully in those countries. It can be argued that if such companies did not bribe officials in the necessary countries then the economies of those countries would suffer because fewer companies would invest in them, thus making them poorer. On a smaller scale corruption is often just a result of people’s natural desire to ‘beat the system’. Mostly, corruption occurs in environments where it is tolerated and where the temptation is too strong to resist. In the following paragraph there are some examples of how bribes take place in each and every one of them. • Problem Statement Main Problem: A person gives some money to officials...
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...“Ethical Governance: SOX & FCPA” In this paper we will attempt to define the importance of a the, Sarbanes-Oxley and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is a United States federal law known primarily for two purposes, one that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and another concerning bribery and government officials. The primary purpose of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) was to prevent the bribery of foreign officials in order to obtain business. “official statistics show that 400 American firms have collectively paid $300 million in bribes and other questionable payments to foreign governments, political parties and also directly to the accounts of government officials” ("Fcpa"). Unfortunately, the improvement in internal control systems was not enough to prevent added problems. In the late 1990s and early 2000s the media was full of news of accounting frauds and problems at companies such as Enron, Xerox, WorldCom, Global Crossing, and others. While Enron made $62 billion in assets, declared bankruptcy (Romney, Steinbart 201-202). In response to these problems, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). SOX was intended to prevent financial statement fraud, make financial reports transparent, protect investors, and punish executives who perpetrate fraud (Romney, Steinbart). Many people believe that SOX is the most important and influential business-oriented...
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...McCullum, Joe Nguyen, Shantel Singh LAW/531 February 8th, 2012 Mr. James Blevins Learning Team Reflection This learning team reflection will discuss the compliance issues associated with the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act of 1977 (FCPA). What is Foreign Corrupt Practice Act? For those who don’t know might ask, well, the Foreign Corrupt Practice Act of 1977 which was introduced in the U.S Senate as S.303 by Mr. William Proxmire (D.W) and signed into law by president Jimmy Carter on December 19, 1977 is a United States Federal Law known primarily for two of its main provisions. One that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and another one concerning bribery of foreign officials. The anti-bribery provision of the FCPA prohibits any person from making use of interstate commerce corruptly, in furtherance of an offer or payment of anything of value to a foreign official, Foreign Political Party, or Candidate for political office, for the purpose of influencing any act of that foreign official in violation of the duty of that of that official, or to secure any improper advantage in order to obtain or retain business. ("Wikipedia") The “Foreign Corrupt Practice Act” protects “American Values” it shields us from the rampant corrupt practices around the world. It holds us to the highest standards of ethics. As the U.S corporations venture into foreign markets they must keep in mind that what is against the law in U.S such as Bribery...
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...Six Learning Team Reflection Law/531: Business Law John Fossum November 11, 2012 Introduction: With the current economy the markets are expanding and taking companies globally. Laws in on how business is conduct varies vastly from country to country. It is important that the laws are understood and not confused with others. There are global practices that have been put in place as well to help protect businesses that conduct business globally. The Foreign Corrupt Practice Act of the 1970’s is just an example of the United States law that was put in place to protect companies. Team C elaborates on these practices through the review of several articles. Future of Anticorruption Laws Stricter laws against corruption in international business transactions gained momentum during 2010. In reaction to fraudulent practices abroad, the United States authorities collected larger fines and imposed stiffer penalties in concordance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (Morley, Hadley, & Saulnier, 2011). FCPA violations are a new law enforcement priority and are concurrent with the emphasis on fighting global terrorism. In addition, the United Kingdom revised their anti-bribery laws to impose greater regulations than the FCPA (Morley, et al. 2011). In response to the increase in number of cases, the United States adopted more aggressive enforcement measures, expansive jurisdiction, and bounty payments to whistle-blowers (Morley, et al. 2011)...
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...Matthew Barnett Corruption in Vietnam International Marketing December 31, 2015 1. List all the different types of bribes, payments, or favors represented in this case under (a) FCPA, (b) Criminal Law of PRC, and (c) Law against Unfair Competition of the PRC. Why is each either legal or illegal? In this case we learn of different types of payments and bribes they use to go around the law. One type of bribe is a cash payment which is illegal. A cash payment is funding something by throwing cash at them making do illegal action. Another type of favor is is black markets. Black markets are a way of engaging in transactions to gain a competitive advantage on import and export goods. Another favor is gifts. Gifts are illegal, and under PRC gifts that are valued over 600 are very illegal. Gifts that are under 600 are legal but the laws are very vague. Examples of this were a business trip to a see a country which could be illegal because unless you are there on business they are paying for you to go somewhere just to hang out. Another of example in the text was the purchase of black market licenses and certificated, this is very illegal and making a blatant attempt to get around the law. Under the FCPA they were taking bribes to low officials to expedite jobs. The PRC is a law aimed toward commercial bribery, and aimed at giving money or property to customers. These laws and rules were put into place to help governments from doing bad business; most of these are very...
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