...Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003) Historical Setting In 2003, Barbara Grutter, a white female, applied to the University of Michigan Law School. This is one of the top law schools in the country, and up denied enrollment Grutter challenged it to race. She claimed it violated the 14th amendment, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and 42 U.S.C. § 1981 due to her race being one of the predominate factors of admission. The case was argued in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit on April 1, 2003. The decision was on June 23, 2003. Grutter fought to get her case reheard, but it was denied. Case Summary The University of Michigan Law School uses a variety of tools to select students. They use a mixture of the application, academic ability, potential seen in candidates, letters of recommendation, grade point average, score on the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), amongst much...
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...Whites Swim in Racial Preference Nathan Wood Sociology 111-001-F1 Ivy Tech Community College Muncie, Indiana The article “Whites swim in racial preference” is a phraseology comparison of fish and water in regards to the privilege of being white or Caucasian. The article by Tim Wise points to the ignorance of the most powerful man in the world in regards to the racial divide in this country even at the highest level of education. Wise also mentions a government loan program in the form of FHA loans to as many as 15 million white Americans for over thirty years. Today FHA loans are now mainly used by low income families of African American and Hispanic homebuyers. (Dedman, 1998) Privileged whites now label FHA as a form of welfare, which is amusing since so many whites benefitted from the program from the 1930’s to 1960’s. Another reference in the article referred to hard working whites, differentiating themselves from minority groups that dot the labor landscape working as maids, garbage collectors etc…as if they care not hard working due them these workers being from a specific ethnic group. While some articles I have researched seem to think The FHA loan program, was a form of social control. However, I see this more as Social Stratification as A segment of society (15 million whites) shared a distinctive pattern of rules (FHA Loans) that differed from the pattern of the larger society. Obviously other social tags could...
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