...Tariff and non-tariff barriers are two important barriers of international trade. These are one of the traditional forms of government interventions in the economic activity. Even today it is practiced by all the countries around the globe. The governments all over the world try to improve their economy by supporting domestic business, through the tariff and non-tariff barriers. Even though it supports domestic business over the foreign competition, it comes at the cost of the domestic consumer. The consumer is forced to pay heavy import duties for getting the quality products. Tariff and non tariff barriers are explained in the following paragraphs by stating how they are used in the global scenario and their importance in risk management of a country. Tariff barriers are the most common device used for regulating the imports. It is commonly called as import duty. A tariff is a tax levied on products by the country of importation. Tariffs are generally considered as the least restrictive international trade barrier and are classified in to two important categories namely Advalorem tariff and Specific or Flat tariff. The Advalorem tariff is the one which charges a particular percentage of the total value of the imported products. This type of tariffs is used for the products like crude oil which are not countable. The specific or flat tariff charges an amount based on the total number of units imported in to the country/region. These tariffs are used for the countable products...
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...with certain lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity, healthy dietary habits, and weight loss. However, A better understanding of what motivates lifestyle changes and the barriers that prevent the life style changes, especially among overweight individuals with risk of T2D was needed. The study, Motivators and barriers to exercise among adults with a high risk of type 2 diabetes – a qualitative study, was preformed to help fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of this study was to describe the motivators and barriers to exercise among subjects with a high risk of T2D. (Korkiakangas, 2010) Background of study While there was previous research study, the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, motivations and barriers to exercise with individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Prior to this study, there was only one research study on motivation and barriers to exercise with individuals at risk for Type 2 Diabetes. The purpose of this current research study is to obtain more information and to identify and describe the motivators and barriers to exercise among subjects with a high risk of T2D. The obtained information will be used to develop content and methods for counseling. Nursing will be able to use this new developed content and methods for counseling to help guide the patient that is at risk for T2D to improve their overall quality of life. Research has shown that diet and exercise has prevented and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and positive effects...
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...Tariff barriers Tariffs, which are taxes on imports of commodities into a country or region, are among the oldest forms of government intervention in economic activity. They are implemented for two clear economic purposes. First, they provide revenue for the government. Second, they improve economic returns to firms and suppliers of resources to domestic industry that face competition from foreign imports. Tariffs are widely used to protect domestic producers’ incomes from foreign competition. This protection comes at an economic cost to domestic consumers who pay higher prices for import competing goods, and to the economy as a whole through the inefficient allocation of resources to the import competing domestic industry. Therefore, since 1948, when average tariffs on manufactured goods exceeded 30 percent in most developed economies, those economies have sought to reduce tariffs on manufactured goods through several rounds of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs Trade (GATT). Only in the most recent Uruguay Or Simply Import duties or taxes imposed on goods entering the customs territory of a nation. Imposes for revenue collection, protection of domestic industry, political control. Non Tariff Barriers Nontariff barriers (NTBs) refer to the wide range of policy interventions other than border tariffs that affect trade of goods, services, and factors of production. Most taxonomies of NTBs include market-specific trade and domestic policies affecting...
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...firm’s credit risk. The Merton model and the Black-Cox model are two popular models that link asset value with equity value, based on the option pricing theories. Under these models, the distance to default can be derived and thus the default probability can be mapped to as long as a large database of companies is provided. The difficulty, however, is that some parameters, including asset values and asset volatilities, which are required in calculating the distance to default, are unobservable in market. Therefore, statistical methods need to be developed in order to estimate the unobservable parameters. In this project, our focus is on using KMV method, which has been widely used in the industry, to estimate corporates’ asset values and asset volatilities. We implemented two models and did numeric study by simulation, which shows that the KMV method gives generally accurate estimates under both models. We also analyzed the model risk under different circumstances. The barrier sensitivity analysis gives the result of how sensitive the Black-Cox model is in choosing different barriers, in the relation with asset volatility and debt level. Furthermore, the models are applied to real companies with different leverage ratios, which shows that structural models are more dynamic and accurate than traditional accounting based methods. Particularly, we applied the model to a recently defaulted company OGX Petr and the model shows a strong predicting capability in the default risk. Table...
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...25 MW capacity wind mills by Sun-n-Sand Hotels Pvt. Ltd at Soda Mada Rajasthan 2. 3.75 MW Small Scale Grid Connected “Demonstration Wind Farm Project” at Chalkewadi, District Satara, State Mahararashtra 3. 10.6 MW wind farm at Village Badabagh, District Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. All the 3 projects demonstrated investment barrier in the additionality. The 6.25 MW and 10.6 MW project showed that the cost of power generation through wind is higher compared to that of coal and fuel oil, whereas. The 3.75 MW project has shown how due to non payment by Maharashtra state electricity board the project participants were not able to repay the loan (50 % of the total project cost). This has also been shown as a regulatory risk by the project proponent. The projects have demonstrated technology barrier faced due to poor penetration of wind energy and uncertainty in power generation through wind. The 6.25 MW project also faced technological barrier by using higher capacity of WTGs (1250 Kw) and other barriers like investment in power evacuation, unskilled manpower and lack of experience due to new technology. The 10.6 MW project in Rajasthan faced regulatory barriers because the policies of the Rajasthan electricity board were uncertain and changed several times and hence not investor friendly. There were request for reviews for the 6.25 MW and 10.6 MW project whereas, the 3.5 MW was straightaway registered. None of the request for review were related to additionality. For the 6.25 MW...
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...11/4/2013 Well Integrity: Hydraulic Fracturing & Well ConstructionWhat are the Factual Risks? George E. King Apache Corporation SPE Webinar 5 November 2013 History • Invented in era of 1943 to 1947 by Standard Oil of Indiana (Stanolin => Pan American => Amoco). • Fully commercial by 1954. • First multi-fractured deviated wells in 1975. • Million pound sand jobs in mid 1970’s • Million gallon fracs in mid 1980’s. • Horizontal multi-fractured shale wells in 1988. • Over 1 million jobs completed by mid 1990’s. • About 2 million jobs completed by 2012. 1 11/4/2013 Oil and Gas Development – The Stages 1. Assessment – is it worth drilling? • Seismic, outcrops, lab work, etc. 2. Exploration - initial drill, well construction, limited fracs • Identify what cannot be assessed in laboratory. 3. Development / Construction / Stimulation • Main development – drill, construct, fracturing 4. Operations / Production – the work • Flow – maintenance, operation styles, 5. Reclamation – Restore surface & seal old well Red Flags to the Community • • • • • • Trucking – congestion, accidents, road damage. Chemicals – unidentified, misidentified, no info. Perception of high water usage Influx of workers Spills Lack of contact from the developers! • Hysteria Sources: Bloggers, slanted “university studies” “documentaries” some “environmentalists”, media, rumor mills….. Definitions • Fracturing Operations – – – – – ...
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...ERSTE GROUP Conference on European Economic Integration 2007 November 2007, Vienna Hedging exchange rate risks Veronika Lammer How big is your exchange rate risk? ERSTE GROUP − What is the net currency risk? - Not only receivables, but also liabilities can bear exchange rate risks as well as inventories, other assets and financing. - Cross correlations between currencies have to be assessed. - Bulk of cash flows with different currency risks at different times have to be taken into account. - Price sensitivity of goods to exchange rate fluctuations. - In the end, the important figure is the influence of exchange rate fluctuations on profits, not on sales. CEEI November 2007, Vienna Hedging exchange rate risks 2 Reducing currency risk ERSTE GROUP − Is currency risk a problem for your company? − Could you reduce your currency risk by changing your suppliers or employing a different financing strategy? − Do you want to hedge your currency risk - all the time, or just sometimes? - to the full amount, or just partly? - You should define rules for hedging, especially if you decide to hedge only sometimes or partly. CEEI November 2007, Vienna Hedging exchange rate risks 3 Change Financing ERSTE GROUP − One relatively simple method of reducing your currency risk is to take a loan in the currency in which you have the highest amount of receivables. - You can pay off the loan directly with receivables. - This protects you from a longer-term...
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...Why is risk management important in organizations? What benefits are gained by implementing a risk-management program? Describe challenges you see in obtaining buy-in and support from staff. What are the barriers to implementing a risk-management program? What would you recommend to help overcome these barriers? Risk management is important within an organization because it helps to reduce and identify the risks that threaten the both the company and the employees. Risk management is also important because it’s used to protect assets within the company from potential losses. According to the text “the purpose of a health care risk management program is to protect the organization against risks associated with accidental losses, regardless of the cause. One of the building blocks of an effective program is sufficient scope to cover all potential sources of risk. Although many risk management professional’s focus on the medical professional liability aspects of health care risk management, the discipline extends into many other areas that are equally important to the survival of the modern health care organization.” (Carroll 2009) There are many benefits gained by implementing a risk management program for example security, less obligation, and saving of treasured assets. Unfortunately, a successful risk management practice cannot abolish all risks. Some of the challenges that may about when attempting a buy-in and support from staff are getting the employees to follow the...
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...Risk interaction for a stockbroker firm Overview The following system depicts the interaction of the components of a stockbroker firm in perspective of its revenues, profits, and outlook for economical development, all of them being influenced by the element of risk (depicted in the system by volatility and risk of costumer willing to take). The main product to be analyzed in our system interaction is stocks which is the main source of profit for a stockbroker firm. The selling of this product to different costumers around the world generates fees every time a stock or a security is traded at stockbroker firm. The more trading the firm has the higher the revenues of the firm as fees are generated every time there is a customer trading stocks. Interaction and components The first loop labeled as loop A consist of the primary function system of the stockbroker firm. The components and its functions create a reinforced loop as all its components reinforce the next one to bring a higher or lower outcome. For instance, the more stock selling the stockbroker firm deals with, the more fees it is able to generate which consequently gives higher revenues and profits to the firm. When a company has a good track record of revenues and profits it seeks to make it grow and have a bigger market share. This consequently gives a better reputation of the firm and finally an increase in the selling of its product which reinforces the loop. It is important to note that if the outlook is negative...
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...investor, the treasury and the financial compliance. “An exchange rate is simply the rate at which on currency is converted into another” (Hill, 2009, p. 324). This assignment will define the tariff and non-tariff barriers, the impact in the operations of the global financing and the managing risks. Tariff and non-tariff barriers Tariff is a “tax levied on import (or exports)” (Hill, 2009, p. 6). There are different types of tariff. There are specific tariffs where the price never changes, is always the same. The revenue tariff who raise the money for the government The prohibitive tariff is the one that the price is so high that nobody imports or export with that type of tariff. The protective tariff price of the imports goods and keep their domestic industries save from the competition. The environmental tariff is like the protective tariff but is relate to the environmental. The last one is the retaliatory tariff, already have charges against the country. The non-tariff barriers (NTBs) is the one that will have restrictions for any imports. Some examples are packaging and labeling conditions, products standards, quotas (specific) for the product, licenses for import goods, and sanitation conditions. There are three categories of non-tariff barriers. The first category is the restrictions for imports goods that include the licenses and the import quotas, the import prices (minimum) and deposit, etc. The second category is the methods that there are not directly...
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...Tariff and Nontariff Barriers to Trade Scott Jaeger MGT/448 November 16,2015 Lara Dickerson Tariff and Nontariff Barriers to Trade Since the beginning of trade between countries or regions, there have been barriers that have deterred, or prevented the trade of goods between countries or regions. These barriers are put into two different categories. First, there are tariff barriers, these include taxes and quotas put on imports by the country receiving the goods. The other barriers to trade are the nontariff barriers. These barriers include such things as bans on imports, import licenses, and “buy national” policies, along with a slew of other deterrents to trade. In this paper, the differences between these two barriers will be discussed, along with how these barriers are used in global finance, and their importance in managing risk. Tariffs and Quota’s Tariffs To put it the simplest terms possible, tariffs are taxes imposed by a country in order to raise the price of imported goods and services. There are a couple of different reasons that a country may use tariffs, depending on the countries that they are trading with, and the goods or services involved in the trade, but essentially, “The idea is to increase demand for domestic products while reducing the volume of imports.” (Sanders, 2015). Countries may want to promote the domestic products or services in the same trade, or they may also simply want to make money. While tariffs can certainly benefit the...
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...American women affected by HIV/AIDs. In 2009, black women accounts for 30% of the new estimations of HIV infections among blacks. The rate for HIV infections as compared to other populations is 15 times more than white women, and three times as high for Latina women (CDC, 2012). This is confirmed by social media, primarily directed at African American males. In regards to the African American women, personal beliefs, cultural practices, and social norms act as a backdrop in determining the risk behavior of acquiring HIV/AIDs. This study serves to address the need for prevention strategies among single African American women of 18-22 years of age in college from the middle socioeconomic class. The subjects for the study are voluntary and motivated to learn with no developmental barriers noted. In particular, the study will investigate the use of sexual barriers among the college women as a preventive measure against HIV/AIDs and their overall knowledge of protective barriers and risk behaviors. Model The Health Belief Model is centered upon a client’s belief in his or her own personal susceptibility and severity of a health condition as...
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...susceptibility or increased risk for health problems (DeChesnay, 2008). A group of individuals are considered at higher risk for illness when their physical, emotional, psychological, or social health, is compromised (Aday, 2001). There are many leading causes for why a population is considered at higher risk; socioeconomic, age, gender, demographics, personal, and cultural backgrounds are some of the key factors (Aday, 2001; Sebation, 1996). Individuals can become vulnerable at any time because of change in life circumstances, placing them at higher risk. One group considered to be a vulnerable population is the elderly. In the article, “Patterns of Perceived Barriers to Medical Care in Older Adults: a Latent Class Analysis,” authors Joshua M. Thorpe, Carolyn T. Thorpe, Korey A. Kennelty, and Nancy Pandhi (2011), examine various levels concerning barriers to health care accessibility for the elderly population. The purpose of the study is to “…identify risk factors, potentially assisting healthcare organizations with targeting policies and interventions designed to improve access in the most vulnerable older adult populations” (Thorpe et al., 2011, p. 1). Categories of distinct classes of older adults were established in the article, placing Class one at the lowest level of risk for accessibility issues, and Class four with the most severe barriers to access. “Compared to those classified into the Low Barriers group, those in the Severe Barrier class were more likely to...
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...American, the realization that my family and I are at increased risk of receiving a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes is a real consideration. Within the last 2 years both my mother and father have been diagnosed with this disease. Additionally, all of my grandparents have been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes and two have died as a result of comorbidities associated with this disease. It is estimated that Hispanics are at 50% to 100% increased risk of experiencing burden of illness and mortality compared to non-Hispanics (Two Feathers et al., 2005, p. 1552). Additionally, the elimination of racial and ethnic disparities regarding type 2 diabetes risk factors have been identified as a goal for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Two Feathers et al., 2005, p. 1552). The discipline of nursing is one that is concerned with human responses and in affecting improved health and wellbeing in the communities we serve. Therefore, it is in the realm of nursing to understand and remove barriers to improve health outcomes in Hispanic Americans with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Therefore I pose the following PICOT question: How do adult Hispanics with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes perceive barriers to implementing dietary and lifestyles changes to reduce A1C levels in the first 3 months after diagnosis? P- (population) adult Hispanics with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. I- (issue of interest) perceived barriers to implementing dietary and lifestyle changes. C- (comparison...
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...Sentinel Event: Child Abduction Description of Event A three-year-old patient presented to the hospital for outpatient surgery of bilateral myringotomies with mother. After the patient was registered, consent for surgery signed by mother, and prepped for surgery, the mother gave the pre-op nurse her phone number and left to run an errand with instructions to be called if her daughter was finished with surgery sooner than expected. The mother was expecting the patient would be ready to go home in about 2 hours. The pre-op nurse stated that she wrote down the mother’s phone number in her own notepad to call her. The patient completed surgery and was taken to recovery. At this time the recovery nurse paged out to the waiting room for the mother as parents are encouraged to come back to the recovery area as the children come out of anesthesia. With no answer from the page and the patient awake and stable, the patient was then given to the post op nurse for discharge. The post op nurse stated that the recovery nurse had tried to page the mother, but made no mention of trying herself. The patient was becoming upset because she had not yet seen her mother. The security personnel called informing the nurse that the patient’s father had arrived and the patient happily met the “father,” so the discharge nurse waited another thirty minutes before releasing the patient to the father as there was no sign of the mother. When the mother of the patient arrived thirty minutes after the patient...
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