...and complex. There are nine basic steps which need to be followed: 1.THE PLANNING PHASE This is where the aim of the measure needs to be decided on and stated. The characteristic or construct to be measured, what the measure will be used for, and the target group (population) for the measure will also need to be defined. Once this has been clarified, one can decide how the test scores will affect decisions (or what decisions can be made based on test scores). An important stage in planning is whether the performance is compared to a criterion or a group norm. In order to define the content of a measure, one needs to have a defined purpose of a measure. The construct needs to be operationally defined, by undertaking a literature review (research process) of the main theoretical viewpoints of the construct. The purpose of the measure is clearly vital, as it serves the basis for constructing the measure. In this phase, 'keying' is used ? where information is gathered about the 'aspects of the construct on which these groups usually differ'. (An Introduction to Psychological Assessment. Foxcroft and Roodt. P72). e.g. Items are needed to discriminate between individuals, so as to allow the assessor to view the various 'risk' groups. The format and number of each type of item is the next step in the planning phase. The format of the test will vary according to the construct being measured. There are open-ended items (no limits placed on the test-taker), forced-choice items (like multiple-choice...
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...The best thing to do is to go to the dermatologist at least once a year and apply sunscreen thirty minutes before sun exposure. More than that, according to Dr. Michael Bergel’s research, chromatin compact to protect DNA after several minutes under the effect of UV radiation and DNA cells are found to be protected from UV radiation if there was a five-minute break between each time of UV radiation exposure (Test results from Dr. Michael Bergel 2015; unreferenced, see “Acknowledgements”). Therefore, short period breaks from exposure under the sun are suggested to protect DNA from being damaged. Most skin cancers, if detected early, are 90-95 percent...
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...Teaching and Learning of Reading Skill at BUBT: A study on the BBA (I st Semester) Students An MA in ELT Dissertation by Sl | Name | Id | 1 | Ms. Mazeda Khanam | 12133302019 | 2 | Ms. Nurani Fatema Sormi | 12133302010 | 3 | Ms.Sinthia Tina Biawas | 12133302009 | 4 | Md. Rokon Mia | 12133302006 | Session: 2013-2014 16th Intake Semester-Summer-2014 A Dissertation Submitted to Department of English Bangladesh University of Business & Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MA in English Language Teaching (ELT) SUPERVISOR Md. Mohoshin Reza, Assistant Professor & Chairman, Department of English Bangladesh University of Business & Technology, BUBT January, 2015 Declaration We do hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “ Teaching and Learning of Reading Skill at BUBT: A Study on the BBA (1st Semester) Students” submitted to the Department of English of BUBT, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MA in English Language Teaching,(ELT) is our original work. Neither the whole nor any part of it was submitted to any other university or institute for any other degree or diploma. Our indebtedness to other works has been duly acknowledged at the relevant places...
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...Bolding Syllabus 1 SCI/241 Version 6: 6.18.2012 – 8.19.2012 Course Design Guide College of Natural Sciences SCI/241 Version 6 The Science of Nutrition Copyright © 2012, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course introduces students to the world of human nutrition. Students examine the components included in a healthy, balanced diet, and develop strategies to meet their changing nutritional needs throughout the various stages of life. Specific topics for the course include: the digestion process, functions and health benefits of specific nutrients, weight management and fitness, and the effects of nutritional deficiencies. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Grosvenor, M. B., & Smolin, L. A. (2006). Nutrition: Everyday choices. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Please make...
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...areas in rural setting or in areas with high pupil population but few teachers. Honestly speaking, it is very hard to teach pupils with combined levels and different age groups. Sometimes it is where the slow readers can be found because it is really hard to teach the pupils individually especially when the teacher has many multi grade pupils. A skill for reading is very significant that one must acquire in gaining access and understanding the printed text. It is a skill that is very important for every learner for if he/she doesn’t have this skill, the learner is automatically in trouble. But if the learner has this skill, surely he/she may become an independent learner. It is generally accepted that the ability to read is an important skill that a learner must possess for the reason that all kinds of learning activities, reading is a tool by which a learner gains success to the different fields of study(Campo, 2001.) Every human endeavour utilizes the skills in reading. Everywhere in the community requires reading as a tool for understanding. Yet, the country is facing a huge problem regarding proficiency in reading. Philippine curriculum is always in motion for changes and still it is left behind by other south-east Asian...
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...Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or more commonly known as ADHD is a disorder that is common in childhood that continues into adolescence. ADHD is a neurological disorder that affects how the brain receives, processes and responds to information (The National Center for Learning Disabilities, 2014). The main symptoms of ADHD include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (Brady). Many children suffer from ADHD without being diagnosed because the symptoms are different from child to child. There are three different categories of ADHD. These include predominantly hyperactive impulses, predominantly inattentive, and combined hyperactive-impulses and inattention (Brady). A child can be diagnosed with one of these three categories of ADHD depending on their specific symptoms but most children have a combination of hyperactive-impulses and inattention. The cause of ADHD is unknown but researchers are continually searching for answers. There are many different indications as to what causes ADHD such as genes, environmental factors and possibly the central nervous system (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2013). Several environmental factors have been identified as supposed risk factors for ADHD. In utero events such as maternal stress during pregnancy (Talge, Neal, & Glover, 2007), prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol and other drugs/environmental toxins, (Ribas-Fitó et al., 2006) (Pineda et a., 2007), pregnancy/birth complications...
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...Introduction to Research BSEd-English 3A Dr. Pedro D. Abanador Problem : Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension of Students Solutions: A. Interactive 1. Story Retelling 2. Story Grammar Training 3. Question-Answer 4. Reading Tutorial 5. Recitation B. Self-Enrichment 1. Inferring 2. Synthesizing 3. Summarization 4. Paraphrasing Strategy 5. Repeated Readings C. Assessment 1. Giving exam 2. Giving assignments 3. Book report 4. Impromptu Speech 5. Story Mapping INTERACTIVE Story Retelling Retelling is a reading skill that demonstrates comprehension. Retelling is the ability to read or listen to a story, then summarize it in paraphrased form. Children begin learning the basics of retelling in kindergarten where teachers start to informally assess the students' overall understanding of a story. Retelling is a useful assessment tool throughout school because it can measure simple to advanced comprehension, as well as help the students improve their listening and speaking skills. Instructions 1. Review retelling strategy. Model it again for those who may struggle. Read a short story aloud to the class, then summarize the important details in the correct sequence. Write each summarizing statement on chart paper. Number the statements so students understand how to retell in the order that events happened. 2. Choose an instructional level text, like a short story from a reading book or a chapter...
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...Dexter Mickens HCA500 Research Paper Introduction In the world today many of the medical issues that exist are met through the implementation of the Health Care System. This research paper will explore the topic of stuttering and its influence on individuals, and also how Health Care affects those with this speech disorder. “Stuttering is a communication disorder in which individuals have involuntary disruption to the fluency of their speech”. Research Problem/Statement The goal of this research paper is to gain insight as to both the causes and possible treatments for speech disorders like stuttering. Also to determine how other individuals who may speak other languages may be influenced by speech disorders. The research that will be conducted will also analyze the social side effects of stuttering like bullying and social anxiety. Literature Review The literature review that was conducted by utilizing the several databases and journal articles found through Kings College EBSO Host database along with other full text databases. Stuttering is a speech disorder that usually is noticed when an individual is still a child. Signs of stuttering in most individuals tend to disappear as the individual ages. Stuttering “occurs most often in children between the ages of 2 and 5… Most children outgrow stuttering. About 1 percent or less of adults stutters”. Stuttering usually develops while an individual is learning to develop their language skills, but can also develop through...
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...Early Childhood Research Quarterly 19 (2004) 375–397 The early childhood classroom observation measure Deborah Stipek∗ , Patricia Byler School of Education, Stanford University, 485 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-3096, USA Abstract This study assesses a new measure of early childhood classroom practice in 127 kindergarten- and first-grade classrooms. The measure was designed to be appropriate for classrooms serving children from the age of 4–7 years. It assesses the nature and quality of instruction as well as the social climate and management of the classroom. Two separate scales assess the degree to which constructivist, child-centered and the degree to which didactic, teachercentered instructional practices are implemented. Findings indicate that the measure produced reliable scores and meaningful, predictable associations were found between scores on the observation measure, on the one hand, and teachers’ self-reported practices, teaching goals, relationships with children, and perceptions of children’s ability to be self-directed learners, on the other. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Early childhood; Classroom observation; Teaching; ECCOM; Measure 1. Introduction Political and public concerns about improving education have been fueled recently by reports highlighting the number of students, particularly from economically disadvantaged homes, who fail to achieve minimum academic standards. The National Center for Educational Statistics (2002)...
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...of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1995 and his Ph.D. in geology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1999. He has worked at ExxonMobil, Simon Fraser University, and Maersk Oil and has been a private consultant specializing in carbonate reservoir characterization. He currently works as a carbonate specialist at Apache Corporation in Houston. Richard F. Sunde ∼ EnCana, 500 Centre Street, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2G1A6; richard.sunde@encana.com Richard Sunde earned a D.E.C. degree (Diplôme dietudes Collégiales) at Dawson College, Montreal, in 2000 and a B.Sc. degree in geology at McGill University, Montreal, in 2004. He then completed an M.Sc. degree at Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, in 2008; his thesis research focused on the content presented in this article. Richard currently is employed as a Geoscientist at Encana Corporation in Calgary. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT This study presents a lithology-based sequence-stratigraphic framework and depositional model for Lower Cretaceous, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments of the Mid-Atlantic coastal plain (eastern United States). Lithologic data from cores and cuttings were integrated with wireline logs and twodimensional seismic data to document lithofacies variability and stacking patterns across the Albemarle Basin of eastern North Carolina. Ten facies associations are defined, which are variably present within siliciclastic- and...
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...of the Study Reading is an interactive, problem-solving process of making meaning from texts. It is a complex interaction between the text, the reader and the purposes for reading, which are shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge and experiences, the reader’s knowledge about reading and writing language and the reader’s language community which is culturally and socially situated. (Hughes, 2007) The reading process involves 5 stages which are pre-reading, reading, responding, exploring, and applying. Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with translating symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech and comprehension. Readers integrate the words they have read into their existing framework of knowledge. Currently most reading is either of the printed word from ink or toner on paper, such as in a book, magazine, newspaper, leaflet, or notebook, or of electronic displays, such as computer displays, television, or mobile phones. Handwritten text may also be produced using a pencil or a pen. The traditional way of reading is simply the act of reading a written or printed text. It does not use any kind of listening material. This process of reading only uses the sense of sight.It is considered as the basic way of reading. Reading is regarded as a leisure activity and at the same time educational. Meanwhile, the reading with the use of innovative reading method is the act of reading a certain text accompanied...
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...CHARLES DUHIGG Random House e N e w Yo r k Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iii 10/17/11 12:01 PM This is a work of nonfiction. Nonetheless, some names and personal characteristics of individuals or events have been changed in order to disguise identities. Any resulting resemblance to persons living or dead is entirely coincidental and unintentional. Copyright © 2012 by Charles Duhigg All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Random House, an imprint of The Random House Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. RANDOM HOUSE and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4000-6928-6 eBook ISBN 978-0-679-60385-6 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Illustrations by Anton Ioukhnovets www.atrandom.com 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 First Edition Book design by Liz Cosgrove Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd iv 10/17/11 12:01 PM To Oliver, John Harry, John and Doris, and, everlastingly, to Liz Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd v 10/17/11 12:01 PM Duhi_9781400069286_2p_all_r1.j.indd vi 10/17/11 12:01 PM CONTENTS PROLOGUE The Habit Cure GGG xi PA R T O N E The Habits of Individuals 1. THE HABIT LOOP How Habits Work 3 31 60 2. THE CRAVING BRAIN How to Create New Habits 3. THE GOLDEN RULE OF HABIT CHANGE Why Transformation Occurs GGG PA R T T W O The Habits of Successful Organizations 4. KEYSTONE HABITS, OR THE BALLAD OF PAUL O’NEILL Which Habits...
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...Bavelier,1,* C. Shawn Green,2 and Matthew W.G. Dye3 of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA of Psychology, Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 3Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA *Correspondence: daphne@bcs.rochester.edu DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.035 2Department 1Department Children encounter technology constantly at home and in school. Television, DVDs, video games, the Internet, and smart phones all play a formative role in children’s development. The term ‘‘technology’’ subsumes a large variety of somewhat independent items, and it is no surprise that current research indicates causes for both optimism and concern depending upon the content of the technology, the context in which the technology immerses the user, and the user’s developmental stage. Furthermore, because the field is still in its infancy, results can be surprising: video games designed to be reasonably mindless result in widespread enhancements of various abilities, acting, we will argue, as exemplary learning tools. Counterintuitive outcomes like these, besides being practically relevant, challenge and eventually lead to refinement of theories concerning fundamental principles of brain plasticity and learning. Introduction It is Monday morning at 7:58 a.m. when John enters the building. Immediately a dossier is uploaded to his iPad, complete...
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...Reading and Second Language Learners Research Report May 1999 This report prepared by Magda Costantino, Ph.D. The Evergreen Center for Education Improvement The Evergreen State College Olympia, Washington 98505 With assistance from: Joe St. Charles Susan Tepper Edlamae Baird Acknowledgment to Gary Burris and Lynne Adair For their invaluable assistance with the project This material is available in alternative format by request. Contact Bilingual Education at 360-753-2573, TDD 360-664-3631. The Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction complies with all federal and state rules and regulations and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age or marital status. Table of Contents (click on page number for access) Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 3 Chapter One Language Acquisition and the Language Learner .......................................................... 7 Section One: How Does First Language Develop? .................................................... 7 Section Two: How Does Second Language Develop? ............................................... 9 Foundational Theories ...............................................................................................
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...The State University of New York At Potsdam PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN CHILDREN’S EDUCATION By Ashley Ann Wanke A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Education In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters in education Potsdam, New York 14 – January, 2008 This thesis entitled Parental Involvement in Children’s Education By Ashley Ann Wanke Has been approved for the Department of Education _________________________________ ______________ Advisor Date _________________________________ ______________ Department Chair Date _________________________________ ______________ Director of Graduate Admissions Date The final copy of the above mentioned thesis has been examined by the signatories and found to meet acceptable standards for scholarly work in the discipline in both form and content. PERMISSION TO COPY I grant The State University of New York College at Potsdam the non-exclusive right to use this work for the University’s own purposes and to make single copies of the work available to the public on a not-for-profit basis if copies are not otherwise available. _____________Ashley Ann Wanke___________ ____01-14-2008____ Date Abstract Parent involvement...
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