...Nature versus Nurture Lloyd Williams W00634255 lloydvw@yahoo.com Nature • People are born with some innate abilities that they use to interact with and understand the world world. • Through prolonged use, learners will eventually achieve proficiency in the target language. Nurture • People are born “tabula rasa” (or blank slate) and become who they are through the course of their lives alone alone. • Students need to be taught their language. Naturists vs. Nurturists vs • Noam Chomsky oa C o s y • Stephen Krashen • Gardner • • • • Vygotsky ygots y Piaget Pavlov Skinner The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) • Test created in 1905 to predict which students would benefit from teaching. • Attempts to objectively measure “intelligence” intelligence • Scores are given as numbers that show the test taker’s results relative to others. • When adjusted for age, a person’s IQ generally does not vary greatly over the course of their life. • IQ tests can be given on various skills (linguistic, math, etc) Nurture Theories (Skinner) Behaviorism B h i i • Knowledge and Linguistic ability results from stimulus-response conditioning. • Focus is on controlling behavior not behavior, cognitive processes. •C Concerned only with d l ith observable/measurable behavior. Nurture Methods The Audio-lingual M th d Th A di li l Method • Based on Behaviorism – Positive reinforcement of desired production – Emphasis on “correctness” ...
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...3. References list ………………………………………………………. 7 1. Research 360 degree feedback 1.1 What is 360 degree feedback? 360 degree feedback is characterized as a multi-source feedback. Feedback comes from people, who work around with ratees, involving supervisors, colleagues, subordinates, internal and external customers as well as ratees. It is used in human resources management for different purposes such like decision making relating to rewards, performance evaluation, and employee development. Furthermore, it is valuable as it eliminates the shortcomings embedded in the traditional top-down and supervisor-only feedback, such as bias and inaccuracy. Figure 1: Traditional Feedback vs 360-degree Feedback (Liviu et al., 2009) Figure 1: Traditional Feedback vs 360-degree Feedback (Liviu et al., 2009) 1.2 What is 360 degree feedback intended to do? 1.3.1 For Individuals * 360 degree...
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...Medication Dispensing Errors and Potential Adverse Drug Events before and after Implementing Bar Code Technology in the Pharmacy Eric G. Poon, MD, MPH; Jennifer L. Cina, PharmD; William Churchill, MS; Nirali Patel, PharmD; Erica Featherstone, BS; Jeffrey M. Rothschild, MD, MPH; Carol A. Keohane, BSN, RN; Anthony D. Whittemore, MD; David W. Bates, MD, MSc; and Tejal K. Gandhi, MD, MPH Background: Many dispensing errors made in hospital pharmacies can harm patients. Some hospitals are investing in bar code technology to reduce these errors, but data about its efficacy are limited. Objective: To evaluate whether implementation of bar code technology reduced dispensing errors and potential adverse drug events (ADEs). Design: Before-and-after study using direct observations. Setting: Hospital pharmacy at a 735-bed tertiary care academic medical center. Intervention: A bar code–assisted dispensing system was implemented in 3 configurations. In 2 configurations, all doses were scanned once during the dispensing process. In the third configuration, only 1 dose was scanned if several doses of the same medication were being dispensed. Measurements: Target dispensing errors, defined as dispensing errors that bar code technology was designed to address, and target potential ADEs, defined as target dispensing errors that can harm patients. Results: In the pre– and post–bar code implementation periods, the authors observed 115 164 and 253 984 dispensed medication doses, respectively...
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...Surname 3 Student's Name Professor's Name Course Date Antigone vs. Macbeth In attempting to discern the legitimate and analytical issues in the two plays, Antigone and Macbeth, it is important to take into account the two key characters that all actions revolve around (Antigone and Lady Macbeth). In both plays, the characters appear to have comparative destiny and fate intertwined deeply within their societies. (Powell et al. 12). Antigone stands harshly rebuked by the state whose rule she contradicts. Antigone's fierce deviance is fully displayed when she declares that she'll bury Polyneices in total disregard of Creon's law. It is this rebellious act and Antigone's innate loyalty to the memory of her brother that forms the spine of the play. On the other hand, Lady Macbeth stands denounced by the laws of God and man having so eagerly disregarded them for the purpose of affection and enthusiasm towards her husband. The inclination that destiny appears to have in setting up these sorts of plays is portrayed undeniably by Sophocles in his piece of work, as well as Shakespeare in his Macbeth. The authorial intent ( a tragedy in contemporary society) as developed by both plays is similar in context. This is mainly detectable while considering the way both playwrights depict the condition that has befallen a nation. Aristotle, an outstanding scholar, and craftsman described tragedy as a mimic of a movement that is morally right. He further came up with guidelines towards...
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...Lecture 1 Introduction to research in applied linguistics • What is research? • Research is the process of going up alleys to see if they are blind Marston Bates, American writer • Research is what I am doing when I don’t know what I am doing Von Braun, American engineer • If you steal from one author, it’s plagiarism; if you steal from many, it’s research. Wilson Mizner, American dramatist Lecture 1 Compulsory Readings Cohen, L., et al. 2007. Research Methods in Education. London and New York: Routledge (P. 5- 47) Nunan. D. 1992. Research Methods in Language Learning. Cambridge: CUP (P. 1 - 23) Brown, J.D. & Rodgers, T.S., 2002, Doing Second Language Research, Oxford: OUP (P 3-18) Wisker, G. 2001, The Postgraduate Research Handbook, New York: Palgrave (P. 113 - 126) McDonough, J. & S. McDonough, 1997, Research Methods for English Language Teachers, London: Arnold (P. 37 - 55) Lankshear, C. & M. Knobel, 2008, A Handbook for Teacher Reasearch, From Design to Implementation, Glasgow: McGraw-Hill (1-39) The distance between theory and practice is greater in practice than in theory. The nature of research 4 traditional kinds of empirical research: • Scientific and positivistic methodologies • Naturalistic and interpretive methodologies • Methodologies form critical theory • Feminist educational research The search for truth • The search for understanding the nature of...
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...(PICO) format we formulated the following question. In a 67-year-old male with multiple co-morbidities with MI (P), does treatment with a beta blocker (I), compared with no beta blocker or placebo (O), reduce mortality rate (O)? Risk Factors, Incidence and Prevalence of Disease * US incidence rates of cardiovascular disease, including MI, are seen in men more than women (Alexander et al., 2007). This trend is also true in Utah ("Impact of heart," 2007). * The incidence rates of cardiovascular disease increase with age (Alexander et al., 2007). * Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include not eating enough fruits and vegetables, lack of physical exercise, smoking cigarettes and the co-morbidities of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity ("CDC national heart," 2010). * The clinical scenario patient was at high MI risk being male, over 65, diabetic and obese. Article Critiques * The following primary article critiques were based on the CONSORT statement (2010). Primary Article One Article selection and evidence. * The article by Chen et al. (2005) was selected because it was the only...
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...Organizational Cultures The subject of organizational culture has become a popular subject for academic and practitioners alike (Schein, 1990). The increased popularity of the subject has provided an abundance of literature that is available today. The problem with the subject of organizational culture is the difference of opinions on different aspects of the subject among the different authors. The concept itself is not even well defined as different authors provide a variety of definitions that differ. The concept’s ambiguousness has caused different authors to come up with their own theories as to how culture starts in an organization. There also seems to be a variety of opinion how important culture and its ability to change are to an organization. In order to understand organizational culture the published literature must be studied and analyzed to see if there is consensus among the authors on different areas on the subject. The first aspect of this apparently ambiguous subject that will be investigated and analyzed are the different definitions that authors have used to describe organizational culture. Authors also have a difference of opinion on where the organization’s culture comes from and how it originates. Naturally the ambiguousness in defining and recognizing its origin have created different opinions on how important and useful culture is to an organization. The final section of this paper will also look at the ability for culture to change in an organization;...
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...International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences July 2012, Vol. 2, No. 7 ISSN: 2222-6990 The Effects of Parental Socio-Economic Status on Academic Performance of Students in Selected Schools in Edu Lga of Kwara State Nigeria Femi Ogunshola, PhD. Department of Industrial and Technological Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria Email: femiogunsola@yahoo.com. A.M. Adewale Department of Biology, School of Natural and Applied Science, Alvan Federal College Of Education, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria Email: mosesremimec@yhoo.com Abstract The relationship between home-based environment factors and the academic performance of students in selected secondary schools within a local government area in Kwara State is investigated. Samples were obtained with one hundred and eighty (180) students randomly selected from three secondary schools. The four factors that were examined and statistically analyses were: parental socio-economic background, parental educational background, parental educational qualification and students’ health statuses. Diverse statistical tests were performed on the various data collected to establish statistical significance of the effects on students’ academic performance. Parental socio-economic statuses and parental educational background did not have significance effect on the academic performance of the students. However, the parental educational qualification and health statuses of the students were identified tom...
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...Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Istanbul, Turkey, July 3 – 6, 2012 Car Recalls: A Problem Unique to Toyota or For All Car Makers? Kamrul Ahsan School of Management and Information Systems, Faculty of Business and Law Victoria University Australia Abstract Often automobile recalls are drawing media and public attention. Influenced by Toyota’s recent automobile recalls 2009-2010 this research conducts an empirical study on historical car recalls. The research uses secondary data from recall websites maintained by public and private organizations. For different car model year and manufacturer the study looks at frequency of recalls, recorded customer complaints, and yearly sales data. Analysis shows recalls are a common event with the majority of recalls initiated by only a few car makers. Though car makers use many eye catching and popular quality and customer care slogans and programs, many popular car makers still face valid customer complaints and consequently face many unwanted recalls. This study identifies that most recalls occur during the first five years of the car model year. This preliminary study of automobile recalls can be further extended at a later stage to identify key causes of recall. Keywords Product recalls, Reverse logistics, car recalls, product returns, closed loop supply chain 1. Introduction Though manufacturers use state-of-the-art operations philosophies, tools and techniques...
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...JBR-07661; No of Pages 11 Journal of Business Research xxx (2012) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Business Research Antecedents and outcomes of strategic thinking Byeong-Joon Moon ⁎ Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea, School of Management, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This study focuses on the factors that influence strategic thinking at the organizational level. Based on previous research on strategic thinking in diverse management fields including marketing strategy, strategic management, and human resource management, this research provides a hypothetical model that links the firm's internal and external variables regarding strategic thinking at the organizational level, which in turn links to marketing performance. The results of empirical analysis provide evidence that the attitude of firms' management toward risk taking, the CEO's emphasis on strategic thinking, interdepartmental teams in the organization, and marketing competency foster strategic thinking at the organizational level, but formalization in the organizational structure impedes it. Contrary to the proposed hypotheses, centralization in the organizational structure is positively related to strategic thinking at the organizational level. The results also show that market turbulence and technological turbulence foster strategic thinking at the organizational level and there is a positive relationship between...
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...MEASURING THE EFFICIENCY OF ABU DHABI PUBLIC SCHOOLS USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS MasoodBadri UAE University and Abu Dhabi Education Council Tarek El Mourad Asma Al Rashedi why I’m included!! Abu Dhabi Education Council Khaled Al Share Qatar University ABSTRACT This research measures and compares the efficiency of Abu Dhabi secondary public schools using data envelopment analysis (DEA). It seeks to identify an appropriate list of inputs and outputs for evaluating the efficiencies of schools in urban areas. Several scenarios were developed using different combinations of inputs and outputs. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify expected reductions (in inputs) or increases? (in outputs) needed for inefficient schools to become efficient. The inputs with greatest impact were cost per teacher and cost per students. The outputs with greatest impact were two student tests conducted at the national level. Analysis of variance showed that location and type of school had a significant impact on school efficiencies. Regression results show that both cost per students and cost per teacher are significant determinants of school efficiency.The paper provides insightsinto the understanding of schools’ performance management for schools, evaluators, and policy decision makers. INTRODUCTION Education is a priority area for Abu Dhabi government. It is important in the performance assessment process to know to what extent schools are achieving their stated missions...
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...Journal of Operations Management 29 (2011) 329–342 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Operations Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jom Qualitative case studies in operations management: Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications Mark Barratt, Thomas Y. Choi ∗ , Mei Li Department of Supply Chain Management, W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4706, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Our study examines the state of qualitative case studies in operations management. Five main operations management journals are included for their impact on the field. They are in alphabetical order: Decision Sciences, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Journal of Operations Management, Management Science, and Production and Operations Management. The qualitative case studies chosen were published between 1992 and 2007. With an increasing trend toward using more qualitative case studies, there have been meaningful and significant contributions to the field of operations management, especially in the area of theory building. However, in many of the qualitative case studies we reviewed, sufficient details in research design, data collection, and data analysis were missing. For instance, there are studies that do not offer sampling logic or a description of the analysis through which research outcomes are drawn. Further, research protocols for doing...
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...See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272028153 The effect of involvement on visual attention and product choice ARTICLE in JOURNAL OF RETAILING AND CONSUMER SERVICES · MAY 2015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.01.002 CITATIONS READS 3 143 4 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Bridget K. Behe Patricia Huddleston Michigan State University Michigan State University 133 PUBLICATIONS 578 CITATIONS 46 PUBLICATIONS 748 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Lynnell Sage Michigan State University 8 PUBLICATIONS 7 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All in-text references underlined in blue are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Available from: Bridget K. Behe Retrieved on: 07 February 2016 Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 24 (2015) 10–21 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jretconser The effect of involvement on visual attention and product choice Bridget K. Behe a, Mikyeung Bae b,n, Patricia T. Huddleston b, Lynnell Sage a a Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA b art ic l e i nf o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 28 March 2014 Received in revised...
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...This literature review of academic research suggests that competitive markets in health care can offer patients greater quality, more options, and lower costs. The Federal Employees Health Benefits Program and Medicare Part D serve as two illustrative examples of competition in health care today. Proper reforms to add further competition to the health care industry would be quite significant and would further America’s position as the world’s leader in health care for years to come. KEY POINTS 1. The body of peer-reviewed academic literature suggests that health care can and should operate like a traditional market. 2. Market-oriented reforms have the potential to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of care, as demonstrated by the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP) and Medicare Part D. 3. Consumer-driven health plans are viable alternatives to traditional plans, and consumers should have the option of choosing such plans. 4. Proper risk adjustment mechanisms can prevent adverse selection. 5. Migrating toward value-based payment systems will result in greater quality of care at lower costs, in part by incentivizing the health care industry to make great strides in offering integrated care, innovative treatments, and personalized medicine. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Kevin D. Dayaratna, Ph.D.Senior Statistician and Research Programmer Center for Data Analysis Over the course of the past several decades, federal and state lawmakers have proposed...
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...EMR Research & Opinion Paper Produced by: Jeremy Averella EMR Course Fall 2013 EMR Research & Opinion Paper Produced by: Jeremy Averella EMR Course Fall 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Advantages of EHRs 2 a. Cost Containment 2 b. Empowerment 3 c. Improved Communication 4 d. Less Waste 4 e. Compliance 5 II. Disadvantages of EHRs 6 a. Lack of Standardization 6 b. Security & Privacy Concerns 7 c. System Infrastructure Issues 8 d. Risk of Liability and Patient Uncertainty 8 III. EHR Technology 9 a. EHR Benefits 10 b. EHR Types 11 c. EHRs Future Evolution 13 d. EHR Technology versus Handheld SMART devices 14 IV. Trends and Consequences 15 a. Aggressive Implementation 16 b. High Costs 16 c. Labor Investment 17 d. Opportunity Cost 17 e. Impact on Researchers, Policymaker and Educators 18 V. Final Opinion 19 VI. Bibliography 22 VII. Appendix I 28 VIII. Appendix II 31 I. Advantages of EHRs In an effort to reign in rising health care costs and increased health care disparity and inequality in the U.S., former president George W. Bush doubled the funding for Health Care Information Technology to 100 million in 2005 (The White House). It was part of a larger plan to utilize latest information technology to standardize patient and health records, which despite spending 1.6 trillion dollars, attributed to 98,000 medically related errors in 2004. The plan was part of his campaign promise and was reiterated in his January 20...
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