...This essay will establish the relationship between groupthink and unethical behaviour among group members. The first part of this essay will define unethical behaviour and the phenomenon of “groupthink”. It will describe how groupthink arises from extreme elevated negative group cohesion. It will outline the behaviour of groupthink dynamics (such as self-importance, over commitment, and excessive devotion to the group) and how groupthink dynamics contributes to unethical behaviour. Next, the essay will identify how groupthink has contributed to the unethical behaviour in the highest levels of decision making. The second part of this essay will identify the role and definition of the devil’s advocate, and how the devil advocate promotes positive communication. Finally, the essay will discuss the importance and the effectiveness of utilizing the devil’s advocate within group decisions for changing unethical behaviour within groupthink. Belonging to a group can promote negative cohesion as it promotes the probabilities of low quality decision making resulting in unethical behaviour among group members. The Oxford University Press (2015) defines unethical behaviour as “lacking moral principles; unwilling to adhere to proper rules of conduct”. Decision making in groups can be hindered by elevated cohesiveness and conformity resulting in the phenomenon called “Groupthink” it can transpire in the highest levels of decision making to the basic levels of social association (McCauley...
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...Modern American History by Alan Renga 2nd Mid Term! You will be given 3 Short Essay questions and 20 Multiple Choice questions deriving from this list! 80 points total! The 1920s Warren Harding then Calvin Coolidge Tea Pot Dome 1st Red Scare Immigration Restriction, Sacco and Vanzetti Langston Hughes, Marcus Garvey, KKK Prosperity, advertising Prohibition, Al Capone Flappers, Clara Bow, Rudolph Valentino Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey, Knute Rockne, Helen Willis Scopes Trail, F Scott Fitzgerald The Depression Herbert Hoover Stocks on Margin & Land Speculation Dust Bowl Bonus Army Hoover Blankets, Hoover Flags, Hoover Ville Strikes: John L Lewis, United Mine Workers, Goons Father Coughlin Gangsters: John Dillinger, Bonnie and Clyde Movies: Marx Brothers, Shirley Temple Radio: Amos and Andy, Bennie Goodman, Swing Franklin Roosevelt: Fireside Chats, New Deal, 100 Days Public Works Administration National Recovery Administration TVA-Tennessee Valley Authority Social Security World War Two Good Neighbor Policy Fascism: Hitler, Mussolini NAZI=National Socialists Lebensraum Invasion of Poland The Battle of Britain Pearl Harbor Bataan Death March Doolittle Raid on Tokyo D-Day The Holocaust Pacific: Island Hopping Rosie the Riveter Revenue Act of 1942 Balloon Bombs Rationing-Victory Gardens The Draft Propaganda: Dehumanization Internment: Executive Order 9066 Tuskegee Airmen After the War/Cold War GI Bill National Security...
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...issues, stemming from the ongoing struggle between The United States of America and The Soviet Union and between Capitalism and Communism. There were various events and circumstances which caused this standoff. Firstly, the decision to place missiles on Cuban soil was taken by the Soviets as a means to offset their strategic inferiority. The second main cause was the fact that America felt threatened by a Castro lead Communist Cuba. Their continued efforts to oust Castro, was a significant factor in creating a very real fear in Castro of a US invasion of Cuba. This led him to form strong bonds with the Soviets and subsequently allowing them to place missiles in Cuba. We also look at Americas failed attempt to remove Castro with their ‘Bay of Pigs’, invasion of Cuba, in 1961. A final factor in the cause of the crisis is the possibility of the Soviets using the missiles as a means of strengthening their power, with regards to negotiating with America in matters outside of Cuba. The first aspect to look at when dealing with this question is Soviet insecurity and strategic inferiority with the US. The Soviets had many reasons to feel insecure or threatened in the period directly preceding the Cuban Missile Crisis. Khrushchev had long known that the Soviets had a disproportionally lower amount of missiles than the Americans, however it was not until after events surrounding the building of the Berlin Wall, that Kennedy, who had long publicly maintained that the Soviets had the advantage...
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...In the words of Winston Churchill, “it was as if as iron curtain had been drawn between the Soviet-controlled countries in Eastern Europe and the Western democracies” (Background Essay). The Soviet Union and the United States had many differences, however, one of their greatest differences were over a political and economic system called communism. In it’s purest form, communism is a belief that private property should be replaced by community ownership. Due to the major loss of 27 million Soviet soldiers, the Soviet Union wanted to prevent any further casualties. Therefore, the Soviet’s policy was the expansion of not only the country itself but also communism. With major disapproval of communism, the US made a policy of containment which prevented the Soviet Union and Soviet communism from spreading. Thus marking the beginning of the Cold War, which will last from 1947-1991....
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...consolidated operations known as CAFOs (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations) are able to produce meats in high volume but have little to no regard for animal or human welfare, the environment, or food safety. CAFOs in the United States are able to produce and process these large amounts of meat year-round by providing sheltered farms for a range of livestock such as cattle, swine, and sheep. However, within these farms animals are confined in limited spaces, making living conditions increasingly unhealthy and unsanitary. Brian Walsh, an environmental columnist at Time Magazine, observed that pigs are sometimes “packed so tightly with other swine that many of their curly tails have been chopped off so they won’t bite one another.” Conditions like these are prime locations for diseases to thrive and spread throughout the livestock. Although antibacterial immunizations are provided to the pigs, the bacteria and other viruses are constantly altering, leading to untreatable infections that can be easily passed onto workers and consumers. Contributing to the threat of new diseases, CAFOs contain massive pileups of feces and other excrements which do not provide safe living or breeding grounds for animals. With over 100 million tons of feces and urine produced annually by swine CAFOs alone, the total amount of unmanageable waste leads to increasing air and water pollution while diminishing the quality of life in surrounding communities (Burkholder). The United States and the Environmental...
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...|Working Thesis Statement: |ORAL PRESENTATION DESCRIPTION | |Nuclear has been the biggest fear in the world when it is used as |Nuclear Threat Nuclear weapon and its physical damage | |weapon and it has insurmountable negative effects on societies in |Nuclear weapon deterioration of health – what kinds of radiation are | |terms of its physical destruction and deterioration on human health. |emitted in a nuclear explosion and what effect do they have on human | |Not a thesis statement but a statement of fact. |beings? | |Try: Why is it best for nuclear attack victims to be right at Ground |http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011| |Zero? |/living_future/4_nuclear_radiation1.shtml | |Working Thesis Statement: Countries may use the nuclear weapons in |Oral Presentation Thesis Statement (must be based on PART of the | |future because of the possibility of religious war and the other |research project): The time between 1946 and 2012, no atomic bomb had| |reasons. |been used even as an overt thread threat in any warpolitical crisis, | |I will argue that there is a strong possibility that...
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...major cities in the United States. Photographers were able to capture pictures of these missiles with high-altitude U-2 spy planes giving evidence that the missiles were 90 miles off the American costal line. Although it seems as if the Cuban Missile Crisis happened at a blinding pace, this crisis actually was a culmination of a much longer process. In this essay I will be focusing on the events that led up to the terrifying 14 day event of the Cuban Missile Crisis as well as looking at the crisis from an individual level of analysis and from a realist point of view. In order to fully understand the Cuban Missile Crisis, we must first take a look at all of the events that had lead up to the crisis. Among many of the factors leading up to the nuclear standoff between the countries, one of the factors, of course, was the genuine concern of defense of each leader, John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khrushchev, and Fidel Castro. Each leader would act in uncertainty trying to offset the actions of the other leaders out of fear of what the others might do. One major event that had raised lots of concern, was in April, 1961, during the Bay of Pigs. This was an unsuccessful invasion by the untrained CIA of the United States to overthrow the Cuban Dictator Fidel Castro. Due...
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...It is too obvious that Communism and Fascism resemble each other like two drops of fresh water. However, there are very few historians and sociologists have compared these two greatest expressions of modern totalitarianism, which has a strong ideological stench. The German philosopher and political theorist Hannah Arendt, made the comparison and "The Origins of Totalitarianism," published in 1951, showed that these two social experiments who trounced the twentieth century are twins. If we refer to encyclopedias and essays on the subject, fascism is a political ideology that raises collectivism over individualism, places the state and the nation above individual, rejects the "bourgeois democracy", the free market, capitalist competition,...
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...LAST 170 Midterm Exam: Wednesday, October 22 and Friday, October 24, 2014. Wednesday and Friday during usual class time •Students with last names beginning with A-K will take the test in 100 Gregory Hall •Students with last names beginning with L-Z will take the test in 1LIB 66 •Please bring a #2 pencil. Friday: students will go to their scheduled discussion sections and take the second part of the exam. Format: 3 mini-essay answer; 40-60 multiple-choice questions; 5-10 fill-in-the-blank questions; and 5-10 two-sentence answers. Short-essay answer: concisely answer the following questions. Be prepared to answer all of them. ACTUAL QUESTIONS FOR THE EXAM 1) Consider what you learned in lecture and from the readings by Rohter, Guimarães, Goldstein, Vaughan, and Stout. Discuss how people are racialized in Brazil and Cuba. Be sure to cover the following issues: a. What historical conditions explain the high level of inequality in these countries? Why are socio-economic conditions connected to race? (10 pts) b. Provide one concrete example from the readings that shows how constructions of race in Brazil and Cuba are similar, and one concrete example from the readings to show how they are different (10 pts) c. Discuss why identities are mediated and how media is used as part of the process of racialization (10 pts). Use one example provided in class to explain your argument (10 pts). 2) Considering the movie “Even the Rain” and from...
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...Review The Boer War History Essay ukessays.com /essays/history/review-the-boer-war-history-essay.php The Boer War of 1899 was a dirty little conflict. It started as a result of cultural resentment between the Boers (Dutch settlers) and immigrating British. At first, the war was fought with the honor typically associated with the British, but, in the end, it turned nasty. South Africa's Cape of Good Hope was colonized in the 17th century by Dutch Boers (farmers). The Boers used African slaves on their farms. Britain occupied the Cape during the Napoleonic wars and took complete control after the Congress of Vienna. Slavery was abolished throughout the British Empire in 1833. Many of the Boers then decided that they could no longer live under British rule. They began moving northward and soon established two independent republics the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. There was peace between British and Boers until the Boer republics were found to be rich in diamonds and gold. Fortune hunters, mostly British, poured in to stake claims. The Dutch farmers called these people uitlanders (outlanders) and bitterly resented their intrusion. In 1895 the outlanders in the Transvaal planned a revolt against the Boer government. The British Empire, seeing their subjects mistreated, decided to get involved. Leander Jameson, with a small British force, invaded the Transvaal to aid the uprising. The Jameson raid was a total failure. The angered Boers, led by their president, Paul Kruger,...
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...Although this is not a traditional way of gaining knowledge, it is still a growth that people who think in a conservative way have to accept. Text speak, video games and fakes news, have created a different way of learning, enhanced our communication skills, and they have increased our imagination. An examination of 2B or Not 2B by author David Crystal, Extra Lives: Why Video Games Matter by author Tom Bissell, and The Good, the Bad, and The Daily Show by author Jason Zinser will reveal to us how text speak, video games, and fakes news also result in positive outcomes. Text speak, video gaming, and fake news have revolutionized the way we learn. David Crystal, well known for his work in English language studies and linguistics, says in his essay 2B or Not 2B that text speak is not something alien to us, the way we use text speak is what is different. It is important that we teenagers establish to parents, adults, and teachers that we are not destroying the English language neither adapting poor writing habits by abbreviating words. I have made the conclusion that adults think abbreviations develop poor writing habits because they think we will forget how to use correct syntax and grammar, however, “there are an extraordinary number of ways in which people play with language creating riddles, solving crosswords, playing Scrabble . . . Professional writers do the same providing catchy copy for advertising slogans, thinking up puns in...
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... In the contemporary world, teamwork has been an important way in organizational practice. It is applied to over 80 percent of Fortune 500 companies (Joinson, 2000) and widely used in most of countries at present. A team is described as “a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable” (Katzenbach and Smith, 1993: 113). In the teamwork, the concerted efforts of its members can generate positive synergy (Robbins and Judge, 2006) and improve organizational performance (Delarue et al, 2008). However, some negative aspects of teamwork also impact on the performance and behavior of a team (Mullins, 2006). This essay will discuss both negative and positive effects of teamwork via several contemporary examples, and conclude that positive aspects outweigh the negative aspects in the perspective of its impact on the whole team. Negative Effects of Teamwork Some researchers argue that teamwork has certain negative effects on performance and behavior of a team (Mullins, 2006). Social loafing and groupthink are two of the adverse aspects that result from teamwork. Social loafing is the phenomenon that individuals exert less effort in teamwork than they do alone (Karau and Williams, 1993). The reason is that the contribution of each member cannot measure accurately in a team, so individuals tend to hide inside a team and reduce their efforts (Robbins...
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...Soviet Union - Both pushed integration in schools. V. Nixon Watergate Scandal - “deep throat” revealed Nixon used aid to commit crimes. - Nixon having secret alliances, tarnished reputation - Nixon rejected to leave office, resigned VI. Kennedy presidency - Fatal end, assassinated in Dallas - Oswald killed him, than killed by Jack Ruby - FOX news poll showed there was cover up with Kennedy’s assassination - “Zapruder” film approached, “Magic Bullet theory” VII. Conclusion - Many influences, good and bad with both - Both ended early, popular conspiracies, scandals - Hold a good/ bad reputation - Modern right support Nixon, Modern left wing support Kennedy Meltem Colak November 5, 2012 English Compare Contrast Essay Nixon vs. Kennedy John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon were both very popular presidents of the United States of...
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...Read Annie Dillard’s essay “The Wreck of Time.” Study her rhetorical style (diction, sentence structure,rhythm, voice, tone), the ideas she explores, and the way she puts bits of information together for a larger, philosophical purpose. In this digital age, we're confronted with numbers and statistics and information (and lies) on a daily basis. It can seem overwhelming, sometimes deadening. Select some facts/numbers/details about topics or events that reflect the wreck of the time you have inhabited this earth, and with your own purpose, craft a shorter imitation of Dillard's piece in which your attention to particulars brings some larger theme into focus. Due Nov. 8 The Wreck of Time My wrecks in time are all the wars I’ve experience over the years starting with 1961Bay of Pigs and Cuba over nuke missiles being sent to be installed in Cuba. With the cold war scare of a war with Russia and Cuba. Vietnam 1960-1975,Then to not so known Cambodian Laos wars with Pol Pot ( Khmer Rouge) Pol Pot 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998)[1][2] was a Cambodian revolutionary who led the Khmer Rouge[3] from 1963 until 1997. Here is a look from 2004 about the pros and cons of war against Iraq from information available at that time. It is included here for historical purposes. The possibility of war with Iraq is a very divisive issue around the world. Turn on any news show and you will see a daily debate on the pros and cons of going to war. The following is a list of the reasons being discussed...
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...Instructor’s Manual to Accompany The Longman Writer Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook Fifth Edition and The Longman Writer Rhetoric and Reader Fifth Edition Brief Edition Judith Nadell Linda McMeniman Rowan University John Langan Atlantic Cape Community College Prepared by: Eliza A. Comodromos Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey New York San Francisco Boston London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Madrid Mexico City Munich Paris Cape Town Hong Kong Montreal NOTE REGARDING WEBSITES AND PASSWORDS: If you need a password to access instructor supplements on a Longman book-specific website, please use the following information: Username: Password: awlbook adopt Senior Acquisitions Editor: Joseph Opiela Senior Supplements Editor: Donna Campion Electronic Page Makeup: Big Color Systems, Inc. Instructor’s Manual to accompany The Longman Writer: Rhetoric, Reader, Handbook, 5e and The Longman Writer: Rhetoric and Reader, Brief Edition, 5e, by Nadell/McMeniman/Langan and Comodromos Copyright ©2003 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Instructors may reproduce portions of this book for classroom use only. All other reproductions are strictly prohibited without prior permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Please visit our website at: http://www.ablongman.com ISBN: 0-321-13157-6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 - D O H - 05 04 03 02 CONTENTS ...
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