...Benefits of AutoCAD AutoCAD is a computer-aided drafting software (CAD) application, which was developed and initially released in 1982 by Autodesk. This software enables the architects, cartographers, drafters and engineers to create three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) models of solid and mesh surfaces. The models are made possible by the software ability to offers a robust set of features and automated drafting tools. Prior to its invention, manual drafting and drawing tools such as drafting boards, geometrical set instrument and pencils were used but they only offered a subset of what now is accomplished by the programs such as the AutoCAD. Manual drafting was a difficult task for the professionals since it consumed a lot of time and resources. Therefore, this paper will examine some of the key benefits of the AutoCAD. AutoCAD has led to increasing the productivity of the designer. The AutoCAD software aids the designer in visualizing the final product to be made, its constituents and subassemblies parts. The design can also be given animation to figure out how the final product will work thus giving the designer room for any modification if required. The software also helps the designer in analyzing, synthesizing and documenting the designs. All these aspects ultimately assist in improving the productivity of the designer thus translating to lower cost of designing, faster designing and shortening of the project completion time (Groover & Zimmers...
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...The Benefits of CAD in Architectural Graphic Communication In the process of Architectural Graphic Communication, Computer-Aided Drafting, or CAD, has become a vital tool. Architects can use can for a multitude of different task, including but not limited to, site plan drawings, floor plans, and elevation views. My understanding CAD and how it operates, Architects are able to create and edit their creations at the click of a button. By using a CAD program, an architect is able to create faster and more accurate drawings. Because of the quickness of creating the drawing, revisions can be made just as quickly and efficiently. Architects have a quick and demanding job and the ability to create drawings quickly and accurately will allow an architect to better manage their time. Using a CAD program can help lower product development costs. Using a CAD program, such as AutoCAD, can help eliminate time-consuming repetitive work and ensure proper adherence to drafting standards. The creation and customization of AutoCAD allows the maintenance of a database that can contain every element in a drawing. Different types of information can be attached to the objects in the drawing. For example, if designing an office with a desk, and it is a desk that has been used in a previous drawing, or design, the architect can easily access that piece of furniture that has already been created to the new piece of work they are working on. This especially comes in handy when working on office...
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...Benefits of CAD in Technical Graphic Communication There are many Benefits to AutoCAD such as time savings, drawing correction and modification, library creation for repeated block insertion and draw sharing. I’m going to explain some of the benefits of AutoCAD. You can tell it has a lot why else would so many people use it. Engineers use to take hours and even more hours with each step of the design process. Engineers know that time is everything the more time you take the more money you make. your boss doesn’t want you to take to much time because he would have to pay to much and you would lose your job. AutoCAD takes away alot of that time because you can store it, copy it, transfer it and so much other stuff just with the click of a mouse. Customizing your AutoCAD eliminates The tasks that you would have to do over and over.(Make AutoCAD work for you by using custom programming to automate many repetitive tasks). AutoCAD (reduces the purchase, deployment and support costs with one complete solution) That put into more words means that without AutoCAD you would have to go to use many applications to do what AutoCAD does. An example of an application that you would need others is Revit. Revit only works with 3D images but AutoCAD works with both 2D and 3D images. (The main benefits of using 3D CAD models and rapid prototyping technologies include: reducing time to market, generating bottom-line savings, Enhancing communication and collaboration Etc). Many different fields...
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...each year as well as the payments made at the end of June each year (which required the CAD to be converted to USD). Recently the Canadian Dollar has been appreciating and positively affecting Pixonix's profitability, however since some of the cash flows needed to be converted to USD Pixonix is exposed to currency exchange risk. Cain's dilemma is to choose between either to purchase a forward contract and lock the cost of the January US$7million. or to purchase call options for the USD for $7.5million, and which course of action will provide the highest benefit and lowest risk possible under different exchange rates. Should the CAD depreciate with respect to the USD Pixonix costs would be higher. Question #2 Various Hedging Options: a) Purchase a forward contract Cain can eliminate exchange rate risk by engaging in a forward contract by locking in the exchange rate for the CAD/USD. To benefit when purchasing a forward contract to sell CAD for USD, the CAD should have depreciated at the time of the payment relative to today. To benefit when purchasing a forward contract to buy USD for CAD, the USD should have appreciated at the time of the payment relative to today. b) Purchase a call option Cain can eliminate exchange risk by using a call option.The call option would be to purchase USD in the future. To benefit from this option Cain will need to exercise it only of the CAD/USD depreciates below the strike price of the option. c) No action (leave the USD...
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...Canada, its revenues were based in Canadian dollars and expenses had tobe paid in USD. Pixonix was required to make payments at the end of June each year and had toannually convert CAD cashflows into USD. Recently the CAD was strengthening andcompany¶s profitability had been impacted positively. The outlook on the CAD for the futurewas that the CAD was expected to appreciate during the first half of the next year. CFO MikaylaCain was worried about the effect the volatility in CAD would have on the company¶s cashflows. To address the firms currency exposures Cain was considering two strategies ± purchaseforward contracts and purchase USD call options. This document analyses the benefits andtradeoffs of using currency forward / options from the prospective of Pixonix.Implication of leaving the USD exposure unhedgedIn case if Pixonix does not hedge its USD liability, there is a possibility of it experiencingvolatility in its cash flows. This could lead to two possible effects. First effect is that in case if CAD depreciates with respect to USD, Pixonix can make losses due to its unhedged currencyexposure. One the other hand in case if CAD further appreciates with respect to USD (which isthe more likely case) then they will save on the transaction costs of hedging and can benefit fromthe potential upside of CAD appreciation.Refer to Appendix 1 for detailed calculations.We have considered 3 different scenarios with different currency exchange rates. Now todetermine whether we are making...
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...COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN (CAD) AND COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM) Photo by: higyou Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) are a pair of often interdependent industrial computer applications that have greatly influenced the chain of processes between the initial design and the final realization of a product. Many would add to this duo a third technology, computer-aided engineering (CAE). Ongoing refinements in CAD/CAM systems continue to save manufacturers tens of millions of dollars in time and resources over non-computerized methods. As a consequence, CAD and CAM technologies are responsible for massive gains in both productivity and quality, particularly since the 1980s. For some purposes CAD and CAM methods can be used exclusively of one another, and in general, CAD is used more commonly than CAM. CAD involves creating computer models defined by geometrical parameters. These models typically appear on a computer monitor as a three-dimensional representation of a part or a system of parts, which can be readily altered by changing relevant parameters. CAD systems enable designers to view objects under a wide variety of representations and to test these objects by simulating real-world conditions. CAM picks up where CAD leaves off by using geometrical design data to control automated machinery. CAM systems are associated with computer numerical control (CNC) or direct numerical control (DNC) systems. These systems differ from older forms...
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...Unit 16 Report Benefits and limitations CAD has many reasons as to why it is now used so heavily in design and manufacturing, this is due to the precision, flexibility, established drafting standards, efficiency and the ability to modify the drawings. All these are great tools compared to manually drawing , this can cut out a lot of time and using CAD also ensures that the drawings are drawn 1:1 and with no tolerance, this means that for the manufactures it is a lot easier to make as there is no faults in the drawing and it can provide many views with all the dimensions required, it can also show assembly drawings of the parts that you are making, showing how it all fits together with key just the key dimensions making it easier for whoever is manufacturing the product. One of the main reasons that CAD is a big advantage over drawing by hand when designing products is that you can change the dimensions of your products and modify it if it goes wrong, this gives an advantage over drawing it by hand because if you dimension the product wrong you have to start all over again whereas on CAD you can just undo what you did and correct the mistake, CAD also allows you to draw perfectly at a 1:1 scale. This is an advantage for the people modelling the product as they don’t need to think about fitting it on one page and if they have to scale up or down to make sure that it fits on the page. As CAD can get 100% accuracy on all the measurements it could help the company save a lot...
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... based on real-time input from sensors It is also known as flexible design and manufacturing Key issues in CIM Automation of product development activities Planning and control of manufacturing processes Planning, scheduling and control of factory resources (labor and machines) Communications and data management capabilities Quality Management 7 May 2013 Dr. Igira - IFM - FCIM 5 CIM Key Systems 7 May 2013 Dr. Igira - IFM - FCIM 6 Computer system (Communications, Data Management & Control) Design Automation (CAD/CAE) Process Automation (CAM/CAPP/CAT/ Robotics) Engineering Manufacturing CAD Computer Aided Design CAE Computer Aided Engineering CAPP Computer Aided Process Planning CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing CAT Computer Aided Testing CAQ Computer-aided quality assurance 5/7/2013 2 7 May 2013 Dr. Igira - IFM - FCIM 7 1 What are the benefits and challenges of CIM? Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Also known as Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) An automated technology for electronic capture of geometry (form and fit) of parts and how the parts are arranged to form subassemblies and assemblies. ◦ Use of computer...
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...When it comes to computer -aided design and manufacturing satisfying the user is extremely important. Effective improvement of CAD/CAM systems offers manufactures a number of benefits such as cutting design costs, reducing cycle time and improving information base. For firms that have already used CAD/CAM systems the rise in their business productivity will coincide with a marked decrease in design and production costs, this will free up valuable time of staff members so they can concentrate on pro-actively managing customer's demands and wants. The main focus is on improving business. Improving business processing system is required. Changing of CAD/CAM process to make it the best for your business is necessary. The success of CAD/CAM depends...
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...precise dimensions and material consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material (thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption. * It is a subsequent computer-aided process after computer-aided design (CAD) and sometimes computer-aided engineering (CAE), as the model generated in CAD and verified in CAE can be input into CAM software, which then controls the machine tool CAD / Computer-Aided Design Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer programs to create two- or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) graphical representations of physical objects. CAD software may be specialized for specific applications. CAD is widely used for computer animation and special effects in movies, advertising, and other applications where the graphic design itself is the finished product. CAD is also used to design physical products in a wide range of industries, where the software performs calculations for determining an optimum shape and size for a variety of product and industrial design applications. In product and industrial design, CAD is used mainly for the creation of detailed 3D solid or surface models, or 2D vector-based drawings of physical components. However, CAD is also used throughout the engineering process from conceptual design and layout of products, through strength and dynamic analysis of assemblies, to...
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...Polymold Division The Polymold Division case is answering whether or not the CAD/CAM is a good investment. We are looking to answer how it benefits the company, financially. Mr. Martin, the Polymold Division manager felt that sales would continue to decline if Polymold did not invest in the new computer-aided designing and manufacturing system and it would lose market share on its remaining products to its more technologically advanced computers. Mr. Martin feared the marketplace. Polymold manufactured high-quality precision molds with interchangeable parts. When forecasting Polymold Division’s financial statements there are some assumptions that need to be taken into account before projecting the numbers. One of the assumptions is that the 5.1% market share would drop to 4.2% if the company does not purchase the CAD/CAM investment. If they do purchase the CAD/CAM, sales would increase to 7.3%, but could vary from 6.3-7.7%. We are assuming a 50% tax rate, the rate that Mr. Martin for his projections. The last assumption states that you will assume that cost of goods sold will be 73% of sales and will increase up to 77% by 1988. With these assumptions, we can then analyze one really important piece of information that was given, sales. The financial statements are dependent on sales and growth. Exhibit 3 illustrates Polymold’s sales in 1982 ($10.8 million) as well as a forecast of sales and average growth rate from 1983-1987. This information allows you to create a projected...
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...women in the United States die from heart disease each year. However, our knowledge base regarding CVD in African American (AA) women has not kept pace with the accumulation of data on white females. Thus, there is a deficit of information about this subgroup and the prevalence of CVD despite the fact that black women have more risk factors for CVD than do white women (3). The purpose of this paper is to review the subject of CVD in African American women and to focus upon four principal CVD categories: Coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF).The impact of gender and race on each of these entities will be examined in comparison to white women, and a determination will be made as to whether a different approach to the management of these disorders should be made based on ethnicity and sex. Coronary Artery Disease It has long been held that men have much more of a problem with CAD than women do; the belief has been that men are more susceptible to the disease, whereas...
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...CAD INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE CHAIRSIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 IPS e.max System – all you need 4 IPS e.max CAD – Product Information Material Usage Composition Block concept Product overview for CEREC® Preparation guidelines and minimum thicknesses 10 IPS e.max CAD – Overview of the treatment procedure Treatment procedure Shade determination Intra-oral imaging Milling Preparing for Crystallization Characterization / Glaze / Adjustments Combination firing Preparing for cementation Cementation 16 IPS e.max CAD LT – Staining technique Preparation Finishing Preparing the restoration for the combination firing Characterization Guide Combination firing (crystallization / glaze) Preparing for cementation Etching and silanating Cementation 32 IPS e.max CAD LT – Cut-back technique 34 IPS e.max CAD – General Information Preparing for cementation Care instructions Crystallization / firing parameters Combination tables Questions and answers 2 IPS e.max System – ® ALL YOU NEED Your purchase of IPS e.max means you have chosen more than simply an all-ceramic system. You have taken the decision to benefit from the unlimited possibilities of allceramic. IPS e.max delivers high strength and highly aesthetic materials for the PRESS and the CAD/CAM technology. The IPS e.max products are unique. They are recognized for their outstanding properties as well as exceptional versatility and flexibility – and they...
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...revenues were denominated in Canadian dollars while a significant portion of its expenses were to be paid in USD. Thus, Pixonix had to convert its Canadian dollar cash flows into US dollars annually. Canadian dollar was strengthening and cash flow and profitability had been impacted positively. Cain was in a dilemma about what would happen to the value of CAD at the end of January when the company has to pay USD 7.5 million for licensing proprietary tools and software through a US company. In other words, she was worried about the effect the volatility in CAD would have on the company’s cash flows. Pixonix should hedge its USD position. In case if Pixonix does not hedge its USD liability, there is a possibility of it experiencing volatility in its cash flows. This could lead to two possible effects. First effect is that if CAD depreciates with respect to USD, Pixonix can make losses due to its unhedged currency exposure. On the other hand if CAD further appreciates with respect to USD (which is the more likely the case) then it will save on transaction costs of hedging and can benefit from the potential upside of CAD appreciation. Buying currency options is a more flexible form of hedging than setting up a foreign exchange contract. The instrument allows limited risk as in the case of non exercise of an option you only loose the option premium. Although options provide Pixonix with the flexibility it also has some...
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...investment in new equipment being placed into out years, more systems need to be maintained in their present condition for longer periods of time. There are often gaps in the technical support information needed to maintain a system built from older designs using outmoded or updated techniques or materials. In some situations, designers give a shape to their ideas by using clay, plaster, wood, or foam rubber, but a CAD model is needed to enable the manufacturing of the part. As products become more organic in shape, designing in CAD may be challenging or impossible. There is no guarantee that the CAD model will be acceptably close to the sculpted model. Reverse engineering provides a solution to this problem because the physical model is the source of information for the CAD model. This is also referred to as the part-to-CAD process. "Reverse Engineering is the process of taking a finished product and reconstructing design data in a format from which new parts or molds can be produced."-The Society of Manufacturing Engineers Key Words: Reverse Engineering, CAD, Modeling and manufacturing. INTRODUCTION Definition "Reverse Engineering is the process of taking a finished product and reconstructing design data in a format from which new parts or molds can be produced."- The Society of Manufacturing Engineers. Manufacturing Reality Engineering is the profession involved in designing, manufacturing, constructing, and maintaining of products...
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