...Nissa Lewis William Carey University Contemporary Psychology 2 Abstract The definition of psychology has changed as the focus of psychology has changed. At various Times in history, psychology has been defined as the study of the psyche or the mind, of the Spirit, of consciousness, and more recently as the study of, or the science of, behavior. Perhaps, Then, we can arrive at and acceptable definition of modern psychology by observing the activities Of contemporary psychologist. These are just a few of the activities that engage contemporary psychologists. Clearly, no single definition of psychology can take into consideration the wide variety of activities engaged in by the more than 148,000 members and affiliates of the American Psychological Association, not to mention the many other psychologists around the world. Contemporary Psychology 3 Introduction to Contemporary Psychology The definition of psychology has changed as the focus of psychology has changed. At various times in history, psychology has been defined as the study of the psyche or the mind, of the spirit, of consciousness, and more recently as the study of, or the science of, behavior. Perhaps, then, we can arrive at and acceptable definition of modern psychology by observing the activities of contemporary psychologist. These are...
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...Almost half a century ago, John Berger expounded how authority has became the barrier of vision through analyzing the impact of ways of seeing on art. Nowadays, people seem to have no need to worry about this problem because of the development of technology. We have the most advanced and sophisticated machines which can help us to “see” the nature of object. For example, a microscope can amplify the object thousands of times and a telescope can look across the milky way through the distant galaxy. The advanced technology allows people to enjoy famous paintings in the world even if they never leave home, and people no longer need to care some disease because we have such developed medical system. Therefore, a large number of people believe that science is omnipotent. But is that the real truth? From my point of view, contemporary science has became a kind of superstition since it plays such a important role in our daily life, and it has became the barrier of vision which blinds people’s eyes as people rely on technology for everything they do. An important part of science is creativity, Edward de Bono once said, “There is no doubt that creativity is the most important human resource of all. Without creativity, there would be no progress, and we would be forever repeating the same pattern.” It is those invention which led us farewell to poverty and backwardness. Among those great inventions, I believe camera is the most charming one. Berger mentioned the impact of camera...
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...DSP #1 Argosy University - Atlanta Aziz is a 11.5-month-old, bi-racial male who was born on May 17, 2012. His mother is from Haiti and his father is from Senegal, Africa. At birth, Aziz weighed 10 pounds 9 ounces and was 23 inches long, which are all above average for newborn boys. Currently, Aziz's weight is reported to be 32 pounds, and his height is reported to be 29 inches tall, which places him in the above average percentile for weight, and above average percentiles for length. The observation of Aziz occurred on May 9, 2013, beginning at approximately 7:05 pm and ending at 8:00 pm. The observation took place at Aziz's home, where he resides with his father, mother, and two older brothers (5yrs-old/8 yrs-old). Observations of the home indicated that the family was upper middle class. During the observation period, Aziz's mother and two brothers were present. The three areas of development that were the focus of this observation included biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial. It was reported that a typical day for Aziz is spent with his 5-year-old brother in his mother's care. His day starts with waking in the morning at 7:00 am. His father and 8-year-old brother have to get ready for work and the school bus. This activities wake up the whole family. Aziz's mother prepares breakfast and dresses Aziz and his 5-year-old brother for the day. His mother is a member of a ladies neighborhood group of stay-at-home moms. The group normally meets at the subdivision...
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...Questioning a Ghost Questioning a Ghost Questioning a Ghost An attractive Spanish woman stares at me, her eyes never moving. The pose is frozen endlessly in time. She’s wearing a flowing silk gown and an expensive looking shall which one could imagine is made from gold flake. The bed she lies on has oversized pillows with frilly trim. Her shoes are gold and she appears to have some make-up on. The woman’s hair is dark as night, her eyebrows are long and pronounced and she has rosy cheeks. There seems to be an essence of wealth or, at the very least, the artist was trying to portray her as sophisticated and high class. Around her waist I see a red sash presumably also made of silk. One can imagine it is a ribbon around the gift that is the woman. Maja has a very seductive figure. The hourglass contours of her body, slender waist, and ample breasts rising as if she was inhaling deeply at the moment Goya started the outline. You can see there is strength in her legs and I would describe her as having “child-bearing hips”. Maja surely is a beautiful woman. But, is she a real woman? Was Francisco Goya painting the love of his life? The detail in the face suggests to me that Goya knew Maja well. Maja may be the mother of his children, yet she is still looks youthful and beautiful. If she isn’t his significant other than who is she? Perhaps she is just another paying customer. Francisco, the starving artist, could have been painting her at the commission of her wealthy family...
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...Psy206-1004A-101 Aspects of Psychology Unit 1 IP1 Kevin J. Penn September 10, 2010 American InterContinental University Online Abstract The following compares and contrast of Naturalistic Obersavation and Correlational research. Which includes the research techniques reliability and validity strengths and weakness and generalizability. There are many different ways of collecting information and data to compare different types of things that happen from the past, present and to help predict the future. The research methods that I have compared are Naturalistic observation and Correlational research method. Like any thing else that they are more than one way of obtaining something there are differences and similarities that researchers can use to help them obtain their objective. The correlational research method is one in which the facts are utilizes facts to form links with an assortment of dependent variables. In most cases it is the one that is used first to give a basis before experiments can begin. There are three types of correlational research, observational, survey, and archival (Schmidt, 2000). Observational research includes items that can be tangibly recorded, for example, reporting for work and production. Survey research refers to the statistics that can be found by questioning subjects; for example, comparing the associations between couples who live together and divorce rates (Schmidt, 2000). Archival research deals...
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...College Material Appendix E Peer Perception Survey Rational: You often give people a certain perception of yourself without intending to or even knowing about it. The intention of this survey is to help provide insight on how others perceive you, so if you are giving others an unintended impression, you have the opportunity to change your behavior. This is a powerful tool and the first step in ensuring that you are communicating in the manner intended. Instructions: Write your name in the first blank of the following survey and then distribute it to three to seven people whose opinion you value and in whom you trust. They can be friends or acquaintances; the most important thing is that they be someone who provides you with an honest opinion. Their names need not be included on the survey form. Collect the survey forms and then use them to complete this week’s assignment as outlined in the course syllabus. PEER PERCEPTION SURVEY Instructions: _________________ has asked you to fill out this survey to help him/her better understand how he/she is perceived by others. Please answer the following questions regarding your perception of him/her. Be sure to include an answer as to what particular observed behavior has led you to form such impressions. Honest responses are the most helpful and there is no need to include your name on this form. Thanks for your time. 1. I perceive him/her to be ___________. A) self-confident B) insecure Based on what observed...
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...(Definition of learning) The EYFS Practice Guidance glossary defines assessment: ‘Through observing children... practitioners can make professional judgements about children’s achievements and decide on the next steps in learning’. As a generic description for working with children from birth to five, this clarifies the purpose of assessment. Within my provision the assessments we use to observe the development of our children are. • Tracking sheets… • Baseline Assessment sheets is a legislation document which is a bench mark for the milestones of each child. • Home visit welcome packs… • Observations long/ post it notes which is written/verbal which is a form of assessment used with parents/ carers staff and child to aid their learning where they are at and where the need to be. With out this the evidence we cannot say the child is at this level. • I would like to share observation sheets to go home so that if the child has a special occasion they would like to share from their weekend with staff and their friends in nursery. This helps with the child to show and tell helps them to open up if shy or has low self esteem and to make them feel special which encourages the child to talk in front of others. • Learning journeys… work in partnership with parent cares. Cover 6 areas of learning and next steps. • The CAF is a standardised approach to conducting an assessment of a child's additional needs and deciding how those needs should be...
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...Observation The student is considered a novice as an observer of children. The student observes children to gain practice and understanding in child development. Students have an obligation to protect children and respect school personnel. Observers are usually visitors in the classroom. The observer must keep in mind that they are a disruption to the regular processes in the classroom and they should respect the classroom teacher’s direction. The protection of the child’s rights in any type of child study is important. Regardless of the procedure used to collect information, the child’s protection is paramount. The child must not come to any harm (physical or mental) through participation in the observation process. Confidentiality must be utilized at all times. Talking about children and families with others outside of class or with the classroom teacher is prohibited. Please use fictitious names in written reports. Any concerns about a child’s safety should be addressed immediately with the classroom teacher or other responsible party. Observation tells us about children’s behavior – what they are doing. If we want to understand children’s development in school settings then we should observe them in those settings. Observation that takes place in a natural environment is referred to as naturalistic observation. Qualities of a Good Observer: · Recognize personal bias and preconceived assumptions about children. · Stay focus for a long period...
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...Infant Observation Name of Child - Cyan Child’s Age - 10 Month After observing a tenth month old child for this Child Observation paper, I had taken many notes during the observing. The Purpose of this paper is recognizing the Physical, Cognitive, Biological, Social and Emotional development of the child. The child chosen for this child observation paper is a tenth month old male Cyan, who appears to a healthy normal child. His mother is half Indian and father is Indian. Mother and father are happily married. He lives in the hcyane with grandmother, mother, father, aunt, uncle an older female cousin who is three. Cyan comes from a middle class background and has no siblings. The author of this paper observed him in the living room of his home. His mother kept all of his toys spread out on the floor in the middle of the room so that the author of this paper could observe him while he plays. Cyan had many toys such as blocks, plush toys, rings, keys, a stationary jumper and a toy that is designed to help the child learn to walk. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage : Cyan is in Trust VS Mistrust. Cyan is able to crawl across the room. He is able to stand and walk with the assistance of a piece of furniture. He is able to pull himself up from the sitting position holding on to the coffee table. Once he stands straight up he is able to walk around the table while holding on. He is able walk around the room if he is holding on to the toy that is designed to help an infant learn...
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...Caught your eye yet? : The connection of how spending money comes and its tricky disguises. Ever walked in to a store and saw that huge highlighter colored sign announcing “Big Blowout SALE”? They are pulling you in with things that attract you the most. From posters, human advertising, to the most innocent thing, the Barbie Doll, they are catching your eye and reeling you in and you’re unaware. Many businesses have learned the “Science” of how to arrange items so they may catch your attention. Paco Underhill, a retail anthropologist and an urban geographer, studies shopping behavior and has become valuable guides to store managers who look for the best ways to sell items. I am shocked to know that there are people who watch others for a living. As you approach a store look around and see if there is someone suspicious. Look around to see if you are being watched. Have you ever felt as if you were being watched? That is because they are watching you! Everything you are doing in the store is being observed. Strange is it? Yes but that is someone’s job. What you pick out and how you take in the item is all a part of their plan. Your choices matter in a study that you have no idea about. Your facial expression, happiness, and your disappointment makes a big deal also. The Credit Card Barbie is another marketing disguise. Barbie is, in a way advertising to younger age group. This is catching the eyes of your children and showing the fun and happy side spending...
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... 54. __C___ __D___ 55. _ C____ __B___ 56. __C____ __D___ __B____ __D_ __A___ ESSAY ANSWER SHEET- Take as much space as you need to answer each question. Provide concise answers in your own words. Do not cut and paste from other sources. 57. Step 1 – Observe all brands of whitening strips and proposed claims made by companies and decide which brand I feel would work best. Step 2 – Propose a hypothesis, stating which brand I feel would work the best. Step 3 – Test the hypothesis with observations. I would use 4 sets of teeth. One set would be my control group. This would not be tested with the whitening strips. The other three sets would be tested, one whitening strip per set. These three sets are my experimental groups. The variable is how white the teeth in each set get over the course of the experiment. Step 4 – Analyze the data. Make observations and record the data using statistics. Step 5 – Form a conclusion based on statistics and explain whether the conclusion matches the hypothesis. 58. a) Solution C is Hypertonic....
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...Running head: Applying Problem Solving Applying Problem Solving University of Phoenix Cultural Diversity PHL/215 Heather Hensell Applying Problem Solving When we face emergencies, deadlines, critical situations, and decisions, which call for action, often we respond to our instinct and just as often we make judgments in haste. No matter if the issues are personal, educational or business, occasionally we do not take the time to consult with those "who have been there, done that!" At times we do not investigate the resources available. In problem solving, following guidelines can save time and heartache. How effectively we use these guidelines will determine our chances for a positive resolution to the problem at hand. First, identify and clarify the problem; we must know the problem to solve it. Second, gather information; we must know all the details to come to the correct solution. Third, evaluate the evidence; things are not always as they seem, determine if the information is justifiable. Fourth, consider alternatives and implications; identify the strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, choose and implement the best alternative. In this paper I have chosen two situations that I will use persuasive thinking to solve the problem and the other I will use scientific thinking. The first problem that I will discuss is Racism, which can be defined as the hatred of one person by another or the prejudice that members...
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...among the people studied. This hands-off research style requires the scientist to have discernment to remain oblivious, account for instances when their presence can affect the behavior and, as other studies, discipline to remain strictly not bias. The first component in this style of research is naturalistic observations, which is for the scientist to be present, but not involved in the study. This observation can be firsthand through one’s own eyes or even by way of media such as a recording of the activity exemplifying the behavior to be measured. As a side note, these styles are particularly interesting when investigating cross-cultural interactions. Observers would try to remain oblivious to the study and take notes about the study’s mannerisms and character directly related to the behavior they are currently observing. Note taking has to remain, as always, precise and, in time, leading to some conclusions testing a hypothesis. This study can be conducted consistently pending the behavior and specifics of the study group. The second approach is participant research where the scientist is actively infiltrating the group studied for firsthand observations. This approach is the most beneficial as it empowers the scientist to collect the experience from a common view and filter it through scientific rationale. This view also is not in a controlled setting, so a raw experience, which may not even be able to be reproduced by the scientist, can be measured and...
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...clinical setting. If this information is not gathered by the clinician a misdiagnosis could be made. Subjective data may include information about the patient’s personality, behaviors or a patient’s reaction to information that cannot be directly from the patient due their inability or reluctance to speak with clinician directly. As an example, if a patient who did not present personality disorders in fear might be diagnosed as having a social phobia. A patient not being truthful has very serious consequences and one could not get the appropriate treatment needed. 2) Personality disorders can be similar to each other. There are several symptoms that overlap between different disorders in DSM listings. A clinician’s personal observation could misdiagnosis between one of these two disorders if the clinician relies only on information gathered in a clinical setting. Disorders such as obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and personality disorder have many symptoms that are alike. If this was the case a clinician could misdiagnosis and treats the patient incorrectly giving improper medication and the wrong types of therapy. 3) People with different personalities can be given the same diagnosis The DSM-IV could be interpreted as...
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...the same results with repeated measurement using the same person and the same instruments for reliability from one time to another. Therefore, if I had to design an instrument in which a private, for profit school would be able to evaluate the quality and value of its variety of curricula and courses I would ensure that the instrument has stability by doing an observational study of the same students who are participating in the test. Then those students would be observed a second time to determine reliability. The text states that it is often possible to do more than one observational study of the same subject and then compare them to see if they are consistent. However situational factors do sometimes change that can alter the observation (Cooper & Schindler, 2008). Equivalence is a perspective on reliability that relates to variations at one point in time among observers and samples of items (Cooper & Schindler, 2008). Therefore, to test equivalence, I would use the instrument with more than one group of students, but at the same time. Different groups of students at the same time. Thus, I would be able to determine equivalence is to compare the scores of different observers for the same study. Equivalence is more concerned with how a set of items will categorize an individual. Thus if there are differences in responses between students, but if they are classified the same the test is said to be of good equivalence (Cooper & Schindler, 2008). Thus the equivalent...
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