...which is the issue of so called South Ossetia Region. As new government of Georgia came in to the power in 2004, territorial integrity became one of the major concerns to be solved. At that time the majority of Georgian society thought that integrity issue would be solved in the peaceful manner. However, since then, events developed in such way that in August 2008 military conflict launched in South Ossetia. The nature of this conflict had significant implications for regional and international power politics. According to the American scientist Kenneth Waltz “peace is the one among a number of ends simultaneously entertained… To explain how peace can be more readily achieved requires an understanding of the causes of the war”. After the war between Russia and Georgia the whole world was concerned about what was the reason of the August war? This paper attempts to review some literature about this topic trying to answer this main question and create even a little understanding of the views that were expressed during or after the war. According the literature reviewed, views about causes of the war can be divided in two parts. First part is about interests’ contradiction between Russia and the USA and the second – about “Matter” of Saakashvili. Interests’ contradiction – Russia and the USA The views about Russia’s interest are express by Riho Ühtegi in his article “the 2008 Russia-Georgia war five years later”, that was published in Estonian analytical journal Diplomaatia...
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...Economic Impact of Mega Sporting Events on Host countries Nitika Mangal Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 4 Chapter 2: Aim and Objectives 5 Chapter 3: Literature Review 6 Chapter 4: Analysis 1 - Economic Impact of Atlanta 1996 Olympics 9 Positive Impact 9 Negative Impact 10 Chapter 5: Analysis 2 - Economic Impact of Sydney 2000 Olympics 12 Positive Impact 12 Negative Impact 14 Chapter 6: Analysis 3 - Economic Impact of Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics 16 Positive Impact 16 Negative Impact 18 Chapter 7: Analysis 4 - Economic Impact of FIFA 2010 World Cup, SA 20 Positive Impact 20 Negative Impact 21 Chapter 8: Analysis 5 - Economic Impact of FIFA 2014 World Cup, Brazil 23 Positive Impact 23 Negative Impact 24 Chapter 9: Overall Critical Analysis of Mega Sporting Events 26 Olympics 26 FIFA World Cup 29 Chapter 10: Challenges in Calculating Economic Impact 31 Chapter 11: Conclusion 34 References 35 Chapter 1: Introduction Hosting a sporting event, and that too a mega-sporting event is considered to be a proud moment in the history of any country. It is hard to provide a clear and well defined meaning for the term mega-event, as its difference from a normal event is not just dependent on the number of actual participants. It needs the fulfillment of many different factors...
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...Initial public offerings Initial public offerings Keith Broomfield Jr Trident University FIN501 Strategic Corporate Finance Professor: John Halstead Summer 2013 Keith Broomfield Jr Trident University FIN501 Strategic Corporate Finance Professor: John Halstead Summer 2013 Module 1 Case Module 1 Case 1) What type of IPO should AVG use—a traditional IPO or an online auction? Based on your analysis and findings, what would you recommend to the executives of AVG? Explain your reasoning in detail. As I understand the formula/process. Most IPO's are underwritten by an investment banking organization that specializes in providing venture capital to launch an organization toward a public offering. Once the valuation of the company whose public offering is being considered is established then shares are created. These shares represent a certain value or stock domination as based on the company's worth through their product, service or manufacturing capability as identified by the Investment Banking Firm. In other words what current market share does the pending IPO company have, their current net worth and the future of their product and the market they currently affect, oh yes and do they have a proprietary product or patent and what's their competition about. This is a rather simplistic formula and for the sake of time will work for now. Those initial shares are first offered to large institutional investors. These institutions are capable of providing large capital...
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...The reasons were so intertwined with Georgian networks of “patronage,”, black hole, patchwork, and jerry-rig that it was impossible to separate sabotage (a strange and sudden fire at Gardabani, the country’s only thermal power station) from corruption (the bungling and greedy idiots as SakEnergo, the state energy concern) from non-payment (less than 30 percent of the population in Tbilisi paid their electricity bills; Georgia owed Russia millions in electricity back debts) from theft (part of the copper transmission line between Armenia and Georgia was nicked one winter), from black clan economics (someone had the kerosene trade sewn up; it was in someone’s interest to make sure there was no cheap clean alternative) from incompetence (the next winter the pride of Gardabani’s brand new gleaming Unit 10, repaired with sackfuls of German money, broke down because the engineer on duty didn’t know what to do when a red light on the computerized panel started to blink unexpectedly) from infrastructure deterioration (once the whole of eastern Georgia went black as the 500 kW line from the Enguri hydro plant collapsed under the weight of what one commentator described as “pre-election” abuse) from the oft-repeated worn excuse: “The Soviet Union collapsed; there was a civil war.” —Wendell Steavenson (2002), Stories I Stole (Grove Press, New York NY) I INTRODUCTION As Michael Scholey shifted his weight across the canvas bags of carrots that filled the back seat of...
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...winter months….The reasons were so intertwined with Georgian networks of “patronage,”, black hole, patchwork, and jerry-rig that it was impossible to separate sabotage (a strange and sudden fire at Gardabani, the country’s only thermal power station) from corruption (the bungling and greedy idiots as SakEnergo, the state energy concern) from non-payment (less than 30 percent of the population in Tbilisi paid their electricity bills; Georgia owed Russia millions in electricity back debts) from theft (part of the copper transmission line between Armenia and Georgia was nicked one winter), from black clan economics (someone had the kerosene trade sewn up; it was in someone’s interest to make sure there was no cheap clean alternative) from incompetence (the next winter the pride of Gardabani’s brand new gleaming Unit 10, repaired with sackfuls of German money, broke down because the engineer on duty didn’t know what to do when a red light on the computerized panel started to blink unexpectedly) from infrastructure deterioration (once the whole of eastern Georgia went black as the 500 kW line from the Enguri hydro plant collapsed under the weight of what one commentator described as “pre-election” abuse) from the oft-repeated worn excuse: “The Soviet Union collapsed; there was a civil war.” —Wendell Steavenson (2002), Stories I Stole (Grove Press, New York NY) I INTRODUCTION As Michael Scholey shifted his weight across the canvas bags of carrots that filled the back seat of a battered car...
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...eBay: “The world’s largest online marketplace”- A Case Study J.Gopalkrishnan* V.K Gupta** Abstract eBay, Inc. is the largest and most popular marketplace on the Internet, allowing members to buy and sell almost anything. Launched in 1995, about 147 million people now use eBay. An estimated 430,000 people in the United States make all or most of their living by selling on eBay. eBay’s online payment service, called PayPal, enables transactions nearly anywhere in the world. eBay proclaims “trust” between buyers and sellers as the key to the success of the marketplace. eBay is the “The world’s Online Marketplace”, which is its positioning statement, and it means many things about the company’s identity. It enables trade on local, national and international basis, with a diverse and passionate community of individuals and small businesses. eBay offers an online platform where millions of items are traded each day. The objective at eBay was to “to develop the work ethic and culture of eBay as a fun, open and trusting environment and to keep the organization focused on the big picture objectives and key priorities. The company market capitalization had surpassed that of even Amazon.com, making it the “world’s most valuable Internet retailer”. Pierre Omidyar, founder, is focused to achieve excellence in strategic management for improving the company’s strategy, sustaining the company’s growth and business performance, and potentially expanding from online auctions into general “etailing”...
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...Organizational Behavior & Human Resource Management ECM62BUS Assessment 2: Individual Business Report Name Date Abstract The role of human resources management is indispensable in Southwest Airlines and the Coca Cola Company. The department has the power of steering the companies to success and greatness. Indeed, this department deserve due attention because of the role it plays in the two organizations. However, the two companies, Southwest Airlines and the Coca Cola Company manage their human resources in somewhat different ways. Some of these ways employed by the company contravenes the conventional way of managing human resources. This paper therefore, made a critical evaluation of the human resources management of the two organizations. Apart from critically organizing the human resources management, the paper also highlights the organizational structure and change management issues in the two organizations. From this analysis, the paper claims that the because the two organizations operate in different industries, aviation industry and hotel industry, the manner in which the human resources management practices are conducted is unique for each of the organizations. It is also noted that each of the organizations has a distinct organizational culture. In the same note, it is observed in this paper that the two organizations have different organizational structure. Because of these differences, the PESTLE and SWOT analyses...
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...*Institute of Management, Nirma University of Science & Technology, Ahmedabad. E-mail: jaya_gopalkrishnan2000@yahoo.com **Indian Institute of Management, Indore eBay: “The world’s largest online marketplace”- A Case Study J.Gopalkrishnan* V.K Gupta** Abstract eBay, Inc. is the largest and most popular marketplace on the Internet, allowing members to buy and sell almost anything. Launched in 1995, about 147 million people now use eBay. An estimated 430,000 people in the United States make all or most of their living by selling on eBay. eBay’s online payment service, called PayPal, enables transactions nearly anywhere in the world. eBay proclaims “trust” between buyers and sellers as the key to the success of the marketplace. eBay is the “The world’s Online Marketplace”, which is its positioning statement, and it means many things about the company’s identity. It enables trade on local, national and international basis, with a diverse and passionate community of individuals and small businesses. eBay offers an online platform where millions of items are traded each day. The objective at eBay was to “to develop the work ethic and culture of eBay as a fun, open and trusting environment and to keep the organization focused on the big picture objectives and key priorities. The company market capitalization had surpassed that of even Amazon.com, making it the “world’s most valuable Internet retailer”. Pierre Omidyar, founder, is focused to achieve excellence in strategic...
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...012-IBE-CaseStudies.docx Academic Year 2011-2012 International Business Environment Jean-Guillaume DITTER, PhD Groupe ESC Dijon Bourgogne – Burgundy School of Business SUPPORT DOCUMENT I - CASE STUDIES The texts making-up this document review and emphasize significant issues covered during the sessions. The questions asked at the beginning of each set of texts are meant to help students identify the issues that they should pay attention to. Students will work in teams on one single case study (see class outline for number of students per team). Each team will produce a presentation slideshow of its case study (7-10 slides per presentation, depending on the size of the case). Slideshows will be presented orally during sessions, according to the class outline (1520mn per presentation). Each team member will actively participate in his/her team presentation. Page 1 of 35 012-IBE-CaseStudies.docx CONTENTS Case Study 1. Text 1. Text 2. Text 3. Case Study 2. Text 4. Case Study 3. Text 5. Text 6. Text 7. Case Study 4. Text 8. Text 9. Text 10. Text 11. Text 12. Text 13. Case Study 5. Text 14. Text 15. Text 16. Text 17. Text 18. Text 19. Case Study 6. Text 20. Text 21. Case Study 7. Text 22. Text 23. Text 24. Text 25. Chinese Mercantilism .................................................................................................... 3 Chinese New Year ............................................................................................................
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...Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 765 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 {andreeap@isye.gatech.edu, pinar@isye.gatech.edu, ellis.johnson@isye.gatech.edu} Sabre Airline Solutions, 1 East Kirkwood Boulevard, Southlake, Texas 76092 {mariana.ladue@sabre.com, raja.kasilingam@sabre.com} Andreea Popescu, Pinar Keskinocak, Ellis Johnson Mariana LaDue, Raja Kasilingam Most airlines overbook their actual capacity (for both passengers and cargo) because part of the booked demand often does not show up at the flight departure. A key element of overbooking is a model that accurately predicts the show-up rate of the current bookings. Given the increasing importance of cargo within their business, most major airlines now scrutinize estimates of show-up rates for cargo bookings. The current practice is to apply the same methodology to the cargo sector as in the passenger business. We investigate the suitability of the current practice, and based on the results, we propose an alternate show-up-rate estimator for cargo and demonstrate its benefits. Tested on real-world data from a major airline as well as on simulated data, the study shows that improved estimation of the show-up rate can improve profits and customer service. Key words: industries: transportation, shipping; inventory: production. History: This paper was refereed. W ith globalization of trade, increasing use of advanced logistics techniques, and the rise of e-commerce, companies increasingly...
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...Militarized Police: A Growing Epidemic Eric Reed Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this research is to document the chronic spread of militarization of police agencies across the United States at the federal, state, and local levels. Police militarization is one of the most controversial issues facing our police forces and encompasses a wide range of problems, from cases of excessive force, to civil rights violations, to budgetary problems. This research will include events that led to the creation of the first SWAT units, the aftereffects of the September 11 attacks, as well as the problems that both the contemporary public and police agencies face today. Finally, this project will highlight several proposed solutions to curb the increasing prevalence of police militarization, specifically as it pertains to agency administration. Militarized Police: A Growing Epidemic Eric Reed Liberty University Every day across the United States, tens of thousands of police officers and federal agents put their lives on the line to serve their communities and their country. They face a myriad of threats that could reveal themselves at any given moment, and it's impossible to predict what the next day of work holds for these men and women. The key to survival is to be well-prepared for any situation; as such, it is of utmost importance that our officers and agents have access to the protection and tools they need to deal with and adapt to the ever-changing force of...
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...FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING. Submitted by. Submission Date. “PERFORMANCE OF COCA COLA AND PEPSI IN THE LIGHT OF FINANCIAL INDICATOR/RATIOS.” EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Coca Cola and Pepsi have dominated the marked of beverage throughout the world. In retail industry both “Coca Cola Company” and “Pepsico, Incorporated” hold most of the market shares. Resultantly, rivalry between them has been growing throughout the time. In relation to the subject matter the solved financial ratios of both the companies clearly indicatives that Pepsi Cola has led the excellence in relation to operate a good business over Coca Cola in financial year 2009. On the basis of facts and figures it would be convenient to say that Coca Cola company has to take some major measures like changing of strategy, setting of goal, efficiency, market scope, superior quality and innovation, customer responsiveness, environment, tough competition, human resource, technology and organization structures. Following these simple steps Coca cola can demonstrate tight competition Pepsi. Since both companies have achieved flourishing their brands name in the world therefore by doing slightly changing in the areas enumerated above, Coca Cola can prove to be a healthy competitor of Pepsi and in the same manner Pepsi Cola has to keep an eye of tough market competitors, credit crunch, meagre buying power of the consumer, e-marketing and latest...
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...credence for its illustrious traditions for over a century. Ethical questions of this magnitude have been pondered by academics and legal stalwarts alike with great depth both at the local and global level for years. Several studies reflect that a substantial percentage of the “major” NCAA recruiting violations and cases of egregious academic misconduct occur typically at institutions where local administrators and financiers have created a “win at all costs” culture pertaining to BCS (Bowl Championship Series) football and the NCAA Men’s Basketball tournament. A handful of local schools sanctioned by the NCAA in the last few decades for recruiting violations and academic misconduct include the University of South Carolina, Alabama, Auburn, Georgia Tech, LSU, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Arkansas. Each year the NCAA collects its constituents: college presidents, athletic directors, and compliance directors (among others), to discuss the current “integrity climate” of college...
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...PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC. Outsourcing Methods & Case Studies City of Colorado Springs Sustainable Funding Committee 04/10/2009 OUTSOURCING Overview ............................................................................................................................. 3 Types of Outsourcing .......................................................................................................... 3 When to Outsource............................................................................................................. 4 When not to Outsource ...................................................................................................... 5 Outsourcing Guidelines ....................................................................................................... 6 Case Studies ...................................................................................................................... 11 Managed Competition ...................................................................................................... 15 Public-Private Partnerships ............................................................................................... 17 Outsourcing Advisory Boards............................................................................................ 18 Outsourcing in Colorado Springs ...................................................................................... 19 Conclusion ...................................................
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...Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 close to Hodgenville, Kentucky. His family moved to Indiana in 1816. When Lincoln was ten his mother died from poisoned milk. His father remarried the next year to Sarah Bush Johnston. Abraham liked her very much and even later recalled her "his angel mother. (Encarta)" Abraham had less than one year of formal education during his life. He was self-educated and taught himself how to read and write. When he was not in school, he worked on the frontier farm clearing out forests with his axe. When Abraham Lincoln was 21 he and his family moved to Illinois. There he worked on a farm growing corn. But more importantly here was where he gave his first political speech. In 1830, the same year his family moved to Illinois, he went to a political rally and was convinced to talk for a candidate on his behalf. According to a witness there, Lincoln "was frightened but got warmed up and made the best speech of the day. (Encarta)." Abraham Lincoln's political career started in the spring of 1832 by running for a seat in the Illinois' House of Representatives. However an unusual turn of events happened a month after he announced he was running. The store he was working at went bankrupt and he lost his job. Very shortly thereafter Native Americans rebelled and the governor of Illinois asked for volunteers to help put this down to which Lincoln promptly volunteered for. He never experienced actual combat, but during his 3 month time period he served...
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