...Looking Inward at Leadership Abstract Leadership is the process of influencing subordinates so that they contribute enthusiastically to the attainment of organizational objectives. It is the leader who clarifies the objectives of the group they are leading and creates the sustain enthusiasm among them for achieving organizational objectives. This paper assesses my personalities and characteristics that potentially make me an effective and/or ineffective leader. From personality traits, to effective teamwork, it compares my current career experiences and applies the concepts related to leadership theories towards those experiences. Improvements areas are identified as well, with things to consider on how to improve on those setbacks as they relate to strong leadership. Looking Inward at Leadership No matter what career an individual decides to pursue in this world the act of leadership is close behind. Any position you hold involves leadership and one must not understand the concepts of leadership but also understand their strengths and weaknesses as it pertains to their leadership capabilities. By understanding one’s abilities as a leader ultimately allows them to be a great leader by utilizing their strengths and improving their weaknesses. As with any profession or career out there are individuals who are meant to lead and individuals who are meant to follow. Upon completion of Leadership involves the ability to influence, meet objectives, ability to implement...
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...and around organization (Schwartz,1992; Potocan & Nedelko, 2011). In this essay mainly focus on how personal value as a vital diver of working and behaviour. Different person may have different value that leads different thought, attitude and behaviour, whereas understand how value drive a personal behaviour is not only important for a manager but affect the organizational behaviour as well (Collins & Porras, 2002). Therefore, the discussion will emphasize how personal values adjust into a group or an organization; and how personal values influence the organization behaviour. Besides, the discussion will go through the influence of personality to give further discussion on how an individual fit into an organization. The Hofstede’s Cultural Framework and The Big Five Personality Model will be used to explain how value and personality drive individual behaviour. 2.0 Discussion 2.1 Values Values represent a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct or end-state of existence (Robbins & Judge, 2013). Value is a conception, explicit or implicit, that defines what individual or a group regards as desirable (Rue & Byars,...
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...Organizational Behavior: 1/10/13 * Real life decision making is not rational * “Sunk cost bias” – violates economic assumption of reality * ex: $20 auction * Escalation * Influences of Escalation * Project features encourage it * Psychological factors encourage it * Social factors encourage it * Structural factors encourage it * ex: Vietnam war – committed large number of troops to combat * Reduce escalation of commitment * Separate initial decision-makers from decision evaluators * banks making problem loans * get a fresh set of eyes to evaluate * Shift focus of attention * think about others, pro-social view * hopes and aspirations, growth * Hold people accountable for decision processes, not only outcomes * Maximizers vs. Satisficers * Maximizers – 20% higher salary * Maximizers less successful * less satisfied with outcomes * more negative emotions during search * Maximizers tend to do better but feel worse than satisficers * ex: Silver medal in Olympics * Maximizers at greater risk of escalating commitment * Irrationality * Often can not articulate why we make decisions * ex: Predicting double faults * when asked to justify, they do not really know but may give an answer * Irrationality is unconscious * people’s decisions are also shaped...
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...using the information from the Big Five assessments and the underlying principles of trait theories. In today’s job market, team work or groups have become very popular. Most workplaces put together teams, and this allows different personality types the opportunity to brainstorm and come up with ways to improve business. Personality is one thing that distinguishes one person from another. Psychologists argue that personality attributes are inherited from family members, and different cultures. No matter the situation, personality differences are among people at work. In team settings it is important that each member has and keeps respect for one another, or the team will fall apart and the task at hand will not reach full potential. The Big Five personality assessments show that the impact of group personalities would be more creative at brainstorming and have a greater chance of finishing the tasks at hand. According to Buchanan, at the group level, it was predicted that teams with personality patterns consisting of moderate levels of Extraversion, high levels of Openness to Experience, and high levels of Conscientiousness (optimal pattern) would perform significantly better on an innovative task than teams with personality patters that varied from this type of pattern (Buchanan, 1998). One solution for working together would be to get the person or persons in the group with extreme personality traits to come to terms with their personality. Getting the group member to...
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...Chapter 2 Organizational behavior Perception and Personality DEFINING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Organizational behavior (often abbreviated as OB) is a field of study that investigates how individuals, groups, and structure affect and is affected by behavior within organizations. Behavior refers to what people do in the organization, how they perform, and what their attitudes are. Because the organizations studied are often business organizations, OB is frequently applied to address workplace issues such as absenteeism, turnover, productivity, motivation, working in groups, and job satisfaction. Managers often apply the knowledge gained from OB research to help them manage their organizations more effectively. What is organizational behavior? organizational behavior A field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behavior within organizations; the aim is to apply such knowledge toward improving organizational effectiveness .OB is for everyone It may seem natural to think that the study of OB is for leaders and managers of organizations. After all, they often set the agenda for everyone else. However, OB is for everyone. For instance, many employees have informal leadership roles. They are often expected to move beyond simply providing labor to playing a more proactive role in achieving organizational success. As well, managers are increasingly asking employees to share in their decision-making processes...
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...Life Span Development and Personality of Eva Peron Rhonda Hager PSY/300 June 18, 2012 Teresa Neal Life Span Development and Personality of Eva Peron Introduction Many factors influence the way a person will develop and the personality they will have. Scientists have long debated on the subject of heredity versus environment and how each effects the way a person develops. Different theories have also been discovered to explain a person’s personality. In this paper we will look at how heredity and environment played a role in the development of Eva Peron. We will also discuss how the different theories of personality explain the woman she became. Influences of Heredity and Environment Eva Peron was born on May 7, 1919 in Los Toldos, Argentina. Her mother, Juana Ibarguren, was the mistress of Juan Duarte, a local land owner. Juana had a large personality. She was the type of person who got what she wanted. She worked in the kitchen of the Duarte house and set her eyes on Juan Duarte. Not long after she became pregnant with her first child. It was not uncommon for men of means in Argentina to have mistresses; instead it was assumed that they would. Juan Duarte provided for Juana and her children to the extent that he could, while keeping them away from his wife and family. Eva was born into poverty and the entire family, mother and five children, shared a one room home (Barnes, 1935). Since she was not from the poorest class of people, her neighbors tended...
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...Trait Theories of Personality Accordingly, to Psychologist Gordon Allport (1897-1967) developed the Traits Theory in which he believed that personality is a combination of characteristics and qualities. These traits are influenced by the societal experiences lived throughout the course of life he stressed on the concept of self-distinctiveness and unique of each individual. Allport emphasized the interaction of personality with the societal influences and circumstances (Samuel & Ellen Green Wood, 1997, p450). Allport’s theory of traits stresses the differences between the individuals. Gordon Allport theorized that traits are of three types: cardinal, central, and secondary traits. The cardinal traits are persistent, shape the individual’s behavior and attitude, and therefore determine his /her personality. Central traits are general traits that are common in so many people. Secondary traits are less pervasive, and ineffective in shaping the personality. However, they are seeing in certain circumstances. In another hands, the psychologist Hans Eysenk proposed that personality traits are of three types: antisocial, introversion-extroversion and emotionally stable. Meanwhile, the psychologist Lewis Goldberg developed a new theory in which he proposed a five-dimension personality model known as the Big Five. The Big Five theory includes the important and crucial traits of the personality. Openness to experience, versus Reticence. Conscientiousness versus, Disorganized...
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...PERSONALITY AND JOB SATISFACTION: AN INVESTIGATION OF CENTRAL WISCONSIN FIREFIGHTERS Interactions Between Personality and Various Factors at a Local Fire Department By Jennifer S. Skibba A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in Applied Psychology Approved: 4 Semester Credits Dr. James Tan, Investigation Advisor The Graduate College University of Wisconsin-Stout May, 2002 The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 Abstract (Writer) Skibba (Last Name) Jennifer (First) S. (Initial) Personality and Job Satisfaction: An Investigation of (Title) Central Wisconsin Firefighters Applied Psychology (Graduate Major) Dr. James Tan (Research Advisor) May, 2002 (Month/Year) 108 (No.of Pages) American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual 4th Edition (Name of Style Manual Used in this Study) The purpose of the present investigation is to evaluate how personality and job satisfaction affect job performance in employees at a Central Wisconsin fire department. Through a process of conducting assessments and gaining access to performance evaluations completed at the department, interactions between the variables was seen. The main effects found were that Factor C (Emotional Stability) and Factor F (Liveliness) of Cattell’s 16 PF had positive correlations with job performance, while Factor H (Social Boldness) had a negative relationship...
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...1.) Predictions might properly be defined as: knowing when events will occur. 2. The early writers who set down the classical viewpoint on management were” managers and consultants. 3. Max Weber saw bureaucracy as an ideal type of organization that included all of the following, except: decentralized decision making. 4. All of the following are described by Mintzberg as decision making roles, except: the leadership role. 5. Downsizing, restructuring, and reengineering have had a profound effect on organizations. Surveys show that the consequences of these events include: decreased morale. 6. Using the phrase, "It depends" is one example of: contingencies. 7. The most essential item for an organization's existence is: people. 8. Problem identification and solving based on systematic education and experiences that enable managers to locate problems within a network of previously acquired information is: intuition. 9. The study of organizational behaviour deals with: the attitudes and behaviour of people within organizations. 10. Individuals are collected into organizations to: carry out goals. 11. Which of the following are considered the goals of organizational behaviour: prediction, explanation, management. 12. Events of interest that studying organizational behaviour can help us to understand include all of the following except: the influence of the economy on an organization’s profitability...
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...Attitudes Attitudes, Job Attitudes, Personality and Values Attitudes Evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events Cognitive Component The opinion or belief segment of an attitude Affective Component The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude Behavioral Component An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something 1 2 Nature of Evaluations Underpinning Attitudes • Attitudes not represented on single continuum e.g. totally +ve to totally –ve • Rather, evaluate attitude objects on both positive and negative dimensions (Cacioppo et al 1977) – – – – positive attitude = Hi +ve reaction & Lo -ve reaction negative attitude= Lo +ve reaction & Hi –ve reaction indifference = Lo +ve reaction & Lo –ve reaction ambivalence = Hi +ve reaction & Hi –ve reaction The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive Dissonance Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes Individuals seek to reduce this gap, or “dissonance” Desire to reduce dissonance depends on: • Importance of elements creating dissonance • Degree of individual influence over elements • Rewards involved in dissonance 4 • Since evaluations of attitude objects ‘automatic’ some consider attitude formation to be a reflex e.g. Chaiken et al., 1996 – But range of personal and social factors influence nature of our evaluations Measuring the A-B Relationship Recent research indicates that attitudes (A) significantly predict...
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...been many studies performed on how personality characteristics have an effect on us as individuals and within are environment. This paper will discuss my personality characteristics and traits and how those characteristics are manifested in my organization. This paper will also explore the development of my personality characteristics and discuss the results of my week one Self-Assessment and the Johari Window, as well the Quick Enneagram Sorting Test (QUEST). The results from these assessments have allowed me to focus in on my leadership style a how I can become a more effective manager. Also I’ll focus on how those attributes have guided my relationships and career choices. Key Words: Characteristics, attributes, assessment, Big Five Personality Dimensions (BFPD), Extrovert, Johari Window Finding the Leader in You: Self-Assessment/ Johari Window In my effort to develop and explain the characteristics that comprise my personality, I determined that there are many personality traits that help to form my personality. In our class discussion, it was addressed how Schermerhorn, Osborn, Uhl-Bien and Hunter (2012) discussed the Big Five Personality Dimensions (BFPD) of Extraversion, Agreeable, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Openness to experience and how they affect our personality positively and negatively. My profile of characteristics include extraversion as the lead attribute that guides my personality. I’m an outgoing person with who...
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...What is Personality? -Pattern of psychological characteristics (traits) that differentiate us from others and lead us to act consistently across situations -Know the defense mechanisms be able to identify which defense mechanism the person is using -If a person is having a problem, be able to identify which stage that person developed that fixation. Personality consists of traits • Traits: relatively enduring predispositions that influence our behavior across many situations Example: extroversion, conscientiousness Lecture Overview • Development of personality – Psychoanalytic theory – Cognitive-behavioral approaches • Measuring personality • Causes of personality differences Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Beginnings: Clash between mind and body – Freud initially believed in mental disorders were somatogenic (lookup) • BUT 2 important observations that made him think perhaps this is not the case – Glove anesthesia – Hypnosis treatment for “grande hysteria” involving reports of patients traumatic experience of catharsis, disappearance of symptoms • Freud concluded mental disorders were psychogenic Core Assumptions of Psychoanalytic Theory 1. Psychic Determinism All thoughts and behaviors have a cause (no randomness) 2. Symbolic Meaning All thoughts and behaviors have meaning Ex. Male accidentally breaking chalk while writing 3. Unconscious Motivation We cannot fully understand why we do what we do Reasons for actions are beneath our conscious...
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...Assignment 1. Personality Personality Robin A. Bagley BUS 322 Dr. H. Yemer April 25, 2013 Assignment 1. Personality The summary of the big five personality traits have been used as a measure of theory that suggests the different dispositions of the traits, in personality, without overlapping. The big five personality traits consistency the following Extraversion The extraversion person is characterized as gregarious, assertive, positive emotions, surgency and the tendency to seek out stimulation and company of others. They tend to be enthusiastic, action-oriented individuals. They posse high group, visibility, like to talk and assert themselves. An extraversion indicates how outgoing and social a person is. An example is that their personality’s trait may also play a role in the type of career that they may choose in leadership. Agreeableness Have a tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious of others. Their traits reflect individual differences. Agreeable person’s value getting along with others. They are considerate, friendly, helpful trusting and willing to compromise their interests. The agreeableness is generally well tempered or not. Ex. An agreeableness correlated with good team work and skills. The believe others have good intentions. Conscientiousness The conscientiousness has a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and achievement against measure of expectations. Their traits show a preference...
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...An individual’s effectiveness in the workplace often depends on his/her personality, attitudes and values, along with his/her motivation to succeed. Concurrently, the perception, attitudes and values of colleagues in the workplace play a role in determining the individual’s effectiveness. Understanding these characteristics of employees can be very crucial for organizations to operate successfully. At the same time, it is essential that employees understand the values associated with the organization in order to avoid any conflicting feelings toward the work they are employed to do. By recognizing and appreciating each other’s characteristics and constraints, employees and the organizations they are part of, form a highly-beneficial symbiotic relationship. Thus, it becomes imperative for employees to remain motivated and for organizations to keep them motivated. Personal Reflection Having read and understood the importance of personality, attitudes, values, and motivation to succeed, in the workplace, I reflected upon my own characteristic traits to predict my effectiveness in the workplace. Personality Heredity. A very important factor that determines certain aspects of our personality is heredity. Although heredity is responsible for one’s biological, physiological and psychological makeup, and it plays a major role on the personality characteristics of a child, but as you grow into an adult, it is possible, and highly probable that a lot of these characteristics would...
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...Week Three Checkpoint: Interactionism Rebecca J. Castle PSY/ 230 10/14/2011 Julie Ball, MS Ed Week Three Checkpoint: Interactionism A person’s culture is going to have a lot to do with how their personality is shaped. Someone that has grown up in a home with constant fighting and hostility is going to have a guarded personality and may be either hostile or very anxious. On the other hand, someone that has been raised in a home of cooperation and love will have a higher chance of being and extroverted person and more easy going. Growing and observing another’s behaviors has a huge impact on how our personality will turn out. We learn by not only trial and error but also by observing others, which will carry over into how we do and handle things. Personalities begin to develop at a young age and then carry into adulthood. Once someone is labeled with a specific personality trait, it is hard to lose that label. How that label affects their lives depends on the type of label. For instance, a young man that has been labeled as being disagreeable may find it hard to make friends because they have already decided that he will be hard to get along with. On the other end of the spectrum, a young man labeled as conscientious and agreeable may acquire many friendships as well as better opportunities. Labels can be both helpful and harmful. A person is not born knowing how to handle a social experience; therefore I feel that social experiences are what shape a person’s...
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