...Understanding the BIOS and POST Abdus-Salaam Sabir NT1110: Computer Structure and Logic_ Module 5_Short Answer August 22, 2015 Darius Banks Understanding the BIOS and POST Why is it necessary to use ROM for the BIOS and not RAM? The basic input/output system (BIOS) is an essential component of the mother- board. This boot firmware, also known as System BIOS, is the first code run by a computer when it is booted. It prepares the machine by testing it during boot- up and paves the way for the operating system to start. It tests and initializes components such as the processor, RAM, video card, magnetic disks, and optical disks. If any errors occur, the BIOS reports them as part of the testing stage, known as the power-on self-test (POST). The BIOS resides on a ROM chip and stores a setup program that you can access when the computer first boots up. From this program, a user can change settings in the BIOS and upgrade the BIOS as well. It is necessary to use ROM for the BIOS because the data in the RAM is cleared when the computer shuts down, but the data in the ROM is always there for the BIOS to use. The BIOS is typically placed in a ROM (Read-only memory) chip that comes with the computer. This ensures that the BIOS will always be available and will not be damaged by disk failures. It also makes it possible for a computer to boot itself. Read-only memory is computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip,...
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...cutoff for this test? What is the relationship between sensitivity and specificity for any given test? With the expanding knowledge concerning diseases and the further development of technology in diagnostics, screening has become a method in improving the state of public health through its potential for disease prevention. However, people may have misconceptions about this process because they were inadequately informed. This attempts to provide an understanding about the many aspects of screening. It is concerned with how screening is defined, its limitations and advantages, the issues involved and conditions where it is acceptable and not acceptable. Without screening, diagnosis of disease only occurs after symptoms develop. However, disease frequently begins long before symptoms occur, and even in the absence of symptoms there may be a point at which the disease could be detected by a screening test. According to the reading and establishing a relationship with this case, talking about sensitivity is the percentage of the results that will be positive when HIV is present. On the same way talking about specificity is the percentage of the results that will be negative when HIV is not present. If we move the cut-off to the left, we can increase the sensitivity, but the specificity will be worse. If we move the cut-off to the right, the specificity will improve, but the sensitivity will be worse. Altering the criterion for a positive test ("abnormality") will...
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...THE YEARs 2012-13 AND 2013-14. Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS), henceforth mentioned as KVS, an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India invites Online applications from Indian Citizens for recruitment to the Teaching and Miscellaneous Teaching posts for the years 2012-13 and 2013-14. Candidates are required to apply online through this website OR http://jobapply.in/kvs/ No other means/mode of submission of applications will be accepted. The schedule of ONLINE registration is as follows:Commencement of Online Registration on this website OR http://jobapply.in/kvs/ Last Date for Online Registration Last Date for receipt of print out of completed application, along with prescribed KVS bank challan where applicable and selfattested copies of testimonials at "Post Box No. 3076, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003" 29.07.2013 28.08.2013 upto 11.59 p.m. 12.09.2013 DETAILS OF VACANCIES: A. POST GRADUATE TEACHER (PGT) [GROUP B POST] Upper Age Limit (As on 28.08.2013) Post Code 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Subject English Hindi Physics Chemistry Economics Commerce Maths UR SC ST OBC Total OH HH VH Pay Band 43 36 43 41 28 48 45 13 10 12 13 08 14 14 06 05 07 06 04 07 07 23 18 23 22 16 25 25 85 69 85 82 56 94 91 02 01 00 00 02 02 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 04 00 00 01 00 00 930034,800 plus Grade Pay 4800/- 40 years :2: 18 19 20 21 22 Biology History Geography Computer Science...
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...User Guide EVGA nForce 780i SLI Motherboard 780i 3-Way SLI Motherboard EVGA ii nForce 780i SLI Motherboard Table of Contents Before You Begin… ..................................................................................................... ix Parts NOT in the Kit .................................................................................................ix Intentions of the Kit ...................................................................................................x EVGA nForce 780i Motherboard..................................................................................1 Motherboard Specifications...................................................................................... 1 Unpacking and Parts Descriptions...............................................................................4 Unpacking ................................................................................................................ 4 Equipment ................................................................................................................ 4 EVGA nForce 780i SLI Motherboard ....................................................................... 5 Hardware Installation ....................................................................................................9 Safety Instructions.................................................................................................... 9 Preparing the Motherboard .........
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...transporting data from one computer to another. These allow for business requirements to be reached at a faster pace but they also pose a number of security challenges. Those challenges may be “disgruntled workers, careless users and malicious individuals” (Couture, 2009, p. 6). Ways to migrate this issue is by gluing shut the ports, disable USB ports in BIOS, prevent users from installing a USB device by denying permission on files called usbstor.pnf and usbstor.inf, making USB ports read only, disable USB ports in Group Policy, or disable Autorun (Couture, 2009, p. 11). In the second article it discusses the vulnerabilities of the BIOS. The BIOS performs power up test amongst the hardware components and memory and without this program the computer wouldn’t know what to do after it was turned on. The BIOS can be accessed by the use of backdoor passwords, cracking the BIOS password, deleting the contents of the CMOS RAM by software and/or hardware (Allgeuer, 2001, p. 4). Ways to mitigate the risk of users accessing the BIOS is to use BIOS passwords to protect the BIOA configuration utility, for the more critical systems different BIOS password should be used than less critical systems, boot only from hard drives, computer cases should be...
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...International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 93-104, Spring 2012 ISSN 1555-9033 Low-Tech Coconut Shell Activated Charcoal Production Ami Cobb Senior, Department of Civil Engineering Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053 AmiCobb@gmail.com Mikell Warms Senior, Department of Civil Engineering Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053 Mikell.Warms@gmail.com Dr. Edwin P. Maurer Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053 EMaurer@scu.edu Dr. Steven Chiesa Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Santa Clara University Santa Clara, CA 95053 SChiesa@scu.edu Abstract – Water treatment technologies in the developing world typically focus on removing two types of impurities from water sources: suspended solids and microbial pathogens. However, as industrialization and high-input agriculture has expanded into the developing world, chemical impurities such as pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers have found their way into drinking water supplies and have been linked to severe health-related issues. Activated carbon has the capacity to remove these problematic chemicals from water sources. A simple, inexpensive, and effective activated carbon production process using local agricultural waste byproducts was assessed for the community of Bluefields, Nicaragua. Coconut shell charcoal was produced on site, and various chemical activation techniques were investigated...
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...Government of India Ministry of New & Renewable Energy National Policy on Biofuels Block No. 14, C.G.O. Complex Lodhi Road New Delhi- 110003 Page 1 of 18 National Policy on Biofuels 1.0 1.1 PREAMBLE India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The Development Objectives focus on economic growth, equity and human well being. Energy is a critical input for socio-economic development. The energy strategy of a country aims at efficiency and security and to provide access which being environment friendly and achievement of an optimum mix of primary resources for energy generation. Fossil fuels will continue to play a dominant role in the energy scenario in our country in the next few decades. However, conventional or fossil fuel resources are limited, non-renewable, polluting and, therefore, need to be used prudently. On the other hand, renewable energy resources are indigenous, non-polluting and virtually inexhaustible. India is endowed with abundant renewable energy resources. Therefore, their use should be encouraged in every possible way. 1.2 The crude oil price has been fluctuating in the world market and has increased significantly in the recent past, reaching a level of more than $ 140 per barrel. Such unforeseen escalation of crude oil prices is severely straining of the developing various economies the world over, particularly those countries. Petro-based oil meets about 95% of the requirement for transportation fuels, and the...
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...Nonvolatile BIOS memory - CMOS [pic] CMOS Battery in a Pico ITX motherboard Non-volatile BIOS memory refers to the memory on a personal computer motherboard containing BIOS settings and sometimes the code used to initialize the computer and load the operating system. The non-volatile memory was historically called CMOS RAM or just CMOS because it traditionally used a low-power CMOS memory chip (the Motorola MC146818, or one of its higher-capacity clones), which was powered by a small battery when the system power was off. The term remains in wide use in this context, but has also grown into a misnomer. The non-volatile BIOS storage in contemporary computers might be in an EEPROM or flash memory chip and not in a volatile CMOS RAM. In these cases, the battery back-up is meant to keep the RTC chip synchronized. The NVRAM normally has a storage capacity of 512 Bytes, which is enough for all BIOS-settings. CMOS mismatch CMOS mismatch errors typically occur if the computer's power-on self-test program: 1. Finds a device that is not recorded in the CMOS. 2. Does not find a device that is recorded in the CMOS. 3. Finds a device that has different settings than those recorded for it in CMOS. 4. Detects a CMOS checksum error. [1] [2] CMOS battery [pic] Type CR2032 button cell, most common CMOS battery. The memory and real-time clock are generally powered by a CR2032 lithium coin cell. These cells last two to ten years, depending on the type of motherboard...
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...Course Hero has millions of student submitted documents similar to the one below including study guides, practice problems, reference materials, practice exams, textbook help and tutor support. Why (a) do you suppose Union Planters purchases investments, rather than simply making loans? Why does it purchase investments that vary in nature both in terms of their maturities and in type (debt versus stock)? 1. They may have excess funds that they havent loaned out yet and instead of having the money just sit there the bank manager may decide that it could earn more revenue by choosing to invest. 2. Depending on the situation the bank manager may also feel that they can make more money by investing the excess funds rather than lending the money out. For example right now interest rates are at an all-time low and they may feel like the return on the interest is not enough compared to investing. 3. The bank manager may feel that these investments will mature and be worth more in the future so they may choose to hold long term to create more revenue. (b) How must Union Planters account for its investments in each of the two categories? 1. Trading securities Balance sheet at fair market value a. Gain/Loss reported as part of income 2. Available-for-Sale Balance sheet at fair market value a. Gain/Loss Comprehensive income/ separate from Stockholders equity until realized 3. Held to-Maturity reported at amortized cost Planters had none (c) In what ways does classifying into investments...
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...BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM [BIOS] Seminar Presented by Milind Chile - 2591 Dipti Borkar - 2778 Freddy Gandhi - 2787 Raghav Shreyas Murthi - 2804 Introduction The BIOS, short for BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM is a set of built-in software routines that give a PC its personality. Although, less than 32 kilobytes of code, the BIOS controls many of the most important functions of the PC: how it interprets keystrokes (Ctrl + Alt + Delete), how it puts characters on the screen, and how and at what speed it communicates through its ports. The BIOS also determines the compatibility of the computer and its flexibility in use. Although all BIOSs have the same function; all are not the same. The BIOS governs the inner complexities arising out of the odd mixing of hardware and software. It acts as a link between the material hardware of the PC and its circuits, and the transcendent realm of software ideas and instructions. More than a link, the BIOS is both hardware and software. Like software, the BIOS is a set of instructions to the computer’s microprocessor. Like hardware, however, these instructions are not evanescent; rather they are coded into the hard, worldly silicon of PROM, EPROM chips. Due to the twilight state of programs like the BIOS, existing in the netherworld between hardware and software, such PROM-based programs are often termed firmware. The personality comes from the firmware code. This code determines how the computer will carry out the basic functions needed to make...
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...Picture 1 WATER AND POWER DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY WAPDA Screening Test for various Posts Eligibility Criteria: Paste your recent passport size color photograph with gum A A. Is your Age according to the desired Post at the date of 15-07-2016? Yes No B. Is your Qualification / Experience according to the required post? Yes No C. Is your Domicile according to the desired post as per mentioned in advertisement? Yes No If your reply is “Yes” to A, B & C above, only then please proceed further. Otherwise you are not eligible to apply. 01. Bank Online Deposit of Rs: 450/- from Designated Bank Branches. Deposit Date Bank Code *Note: Application Form will not be entertained without Original Deposit Slip (NTS Copy) 02. Desired Post: Fill the Box for Desired Post. (Mandatory) To apply for more than one posts, please use separate form with separate fee. This form will be considered valid only for the first selected post in the sequence. Discipline Desired Post i. Maths ii. Physics iii. Chemistry iv. Zoology v. Lecturer (BPS-17) 01. Urdu vi. Political Science vii. Botany viii. Islamiyat 02. Trained Graduate Teacher (Urdu) (BPS-16) 03. Trained Graduate Teacher (English) (BPS-16) 04. Trained Graduate Teacher (Science/Phy/Math) (BPS-16) 05. Trained Graduate Teacher (Science/Chem/Bio) (BPS-16) 06. Oriental Language Teacher (BPS-16) 07. Trained...
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...NT1110: Module 6 Troubleshooting and Networks Final Exam Preparation Recap MODULE 1 Operating Systems There are three main operating systems in use today: Linux: Linux is an open source program available for free. “Open source” means that anyone who has the knowledge can improve the code, add functionality to the code, and modify the code to make it better. The only requirement is that you cannot sell it—you must give away your version for free. Linux is a subset of UNIX and is used more as a server OS than as a client. MAC: MAC has been a favourite of a select group, primarily those creating graphical arts, images, and video. In recent years, the MAC OS has become compatible with Intel processors. This has made the MAC computer system compatible with industry standard software, while the hardware has remained proprietary. The MAC OS commands approximately 8 percent to 15 percent of the OS market, while Linux has around 2 percent. Windows: Windows has approximately 82 percent to 90 percent of the market share. Windows XP is becoming the legacy version of the Windows OS, although it holds about 38 percent of the market share. Windows Vista did not fair too well on its release and now occupies only about 13 percent of the market share, while Windows 7 claims 30 percent of the market share. 1 NT1110: Module 6 Troubleshooting and Networks Final Exam Preparation Recap MODULE 2 Input and Output Devices I/O ports are primarily located on the back of...
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...Consequences and Causes of Inflation: A Study in the Context of Bangladesh Mohammad Nayeem Abdullah1 Robaka Shamsher2 Newaz Ahmed Chowudhury3 Abstract In Asia, Bangladesh is one of the hardest hit by the current wave of inflation and oil price hike. The economy has been observing double digit inflation growth on point-to-point basis since July 2007. In Bangladesh, the correlation between per capita income and food weight in total Consumer Price Index (CPI) is one of the highest in the world and the economy is vulnerable to sharp hikes in fuel and non-fuel commodity prices. The BDTUS$ exchange rate has been depreciating steadily for some time, reaching a record high of BDT 72.70 per USD in January 2011, which has direct impact on food inflation that Bangladesh is currently experiencing. An International Monetary Fund (IMF) study shows food prices on headline inflation has been a staggering 55.9 percent in Asia in 2007, whereas the figure was 34.1 percent in the 2000-06 period. The researchers highlight that a further depreciation of the BDT could lead to additional cost push inflation for Bangladesh. This article attempts to investigate causes and consequences of inflation on the economy of Bangladesh. This paper also reviews the past record of the inflation and makes a forecast on the possible movement of inflation. At the end on the paper the researchers forward some strategic points that might be useful to reduce inflation. Keywords: Food inflation, oil price hike, general inflation...
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...ADVERTISEMENT NO. CRPD/PO/ 2011-12/01 RECRUITMENT OF PROBATIONARY OFFICERS IN STATE BANK OF INDIA DATE OF WRITTEN EXAMINATION : 24.07.2011 (SUNDAY) ON-LINE REGISTRATION WILL START FROM : 18.05.2011 LAST DATE FOR REGISTRATION OF ON-LINE APPLICATIONS : 09.06.2011 Applications are invited from eligible Indian Citizens for appointment as Probationary Officers (POs) in State Bank of India. Candidates selected are liable to be posted anywhere in India. VACANCIES : 4. SELECTION PROCEDURE : Phase- I : Written Examination -- Combined Duration 3 Hrs. (Combined Objective & Descriptive Type Tests) -- [Max marks-250 (combined)] The duration of objective type test will be 2 hours, Max. marks 200 and will consist of : i) Test of English Language (Grammer, Vocabulary, Comprehension etc.) ii) Test of General Awareness, Marketing & Computers iii) Test of Data Analysis & Interpretation iv) Test of Reasoning (High Level) The duration of Descriptive type test will be 1 hour, Max. marks-50 and the test will be of "Test of English Language (Comprehension, short precis, letter writing & essay)" Descriptive test paper of only those candidates will be evaluated who are adequately high in percentile ranking in each of all the four objective tests and have scored overall aggregate 40% and above in case of General category and aggregate 35% and above in case SC/ST/OBC/PWD category. The qualifying marks for descriptive test will also be overall aggregate 40% for General category and overall aggregate 35%...
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...(Cover Page) “PROJECT ON “SUCCESS STORY OF AN ENTREPRENEUR – KIRAN MAZUMDAR” Master of Commerce Semester – III (2014-2015) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By Arati Sachidanand Mishra Seat No. _86_ Tolani College of Commerce Sher – E – Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai – 400 093. PROJECT ON “SUCCESS STORY OF AN ENTREPRENEUR – KIRAN MAZUMDAR” Master of Commerce Semester – III (2014-2015) Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the award of degree of M.Com By Arati Sachidanand Mishra Seat No. _86_ Tolani College of Commerce Sher – E – Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai – 400 093. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Arati Sachidanand Mishra of M.Com. Semester III (2014–2015) has successfully completed the project on “Success Story of an Entrepreneur- Kiran Mazumdar” under the guidance of Prof. Mahalaxmi Ramaprasad. Project Guide: - ___________________ Course Co-Ordinator: - ___________________ External Examiner: - ___________________ Principal: - ___________________ DECLARATION I, Arati Sachidanand Mishra the student of M.Com.Semester III (2014-2015) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “Success Story of an Entrepreneur- Kiran Mazumdar” in the course (Entrepreneurship Management). The information submitted is true and original to the...
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