Free Essay

Biology

In:

Submitted By Lauh93
Words 1316
Pages 6
INTRODUCCION

Por medio de la presente se pretende explicar el proceso de la fotosíntesis en las plantas que convierte la energía lumínica del sol en alimentos ricos en energía, utilizable para los seres vivos. Para ello usan agua y gas carbónico del medio. Estos dos compuestos, al ponerse en contacto con la luz solar y en prencencia de la clorofila, se reorganizan formando azucares y liberando oxigeno como producto de desecho. La fotosíntesis ocurre en los cloroplastos de las células.
Como producto de las fotosíntesis se producen los carbohidratos, también conocidos como hidratos de carbono, Los carbohidratos son los compuestos orgánicos más abundantes de la biosfera y a su vez los más diversos. Normalmente se los encuentra en las partes estructurales de los vegetales y también en los tejidos animales, como glucosa o glucógeno. Estos sirven como fuente de energía para todas las actividades celulares vitales.
Clorofila, pigmento que da el color verde a los vegetales y que se encarga de absorber la luz necesaria para realizar la fotosíntesis, proceso que transforma la energía luminosa en energía química. Las hojas amarillas obtienen su color de un tipo de pigmentos llamados carotinoides. Otro grupo de moléculas, las antocianinas, producen tonos anaranjados y rojizos. La clorofila y otros equipos moleculares necesarios para la fotosíntesis son cuidadosamente desmantelados, mientras que los nutrientes que la hoja contiene, como el nitrógeno y el fósforo, se envían al tejido del árbol, que los necesitará para crecer

OBJETIVOS

Verificar experimentalmente que como producto del proceso fotosintético se obtienen carbohidratos que actúan como fuente energética para el funcionamiento de la planta.

OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS

* Observar cambios químicos y físicos que se dan entre los reactivos utilizados. * Elaborar conclusiones a partir de la diferencia en la coloración de las hojas utilizadas. * Recordar la diferencia entre un cambio físico y uno químico. * Ver cómo los productos fotosintéticos se ven reflejados al emplear el reactivo de Lugol como colorante.

MARCO TEORICO

Fotosíntesis: A diferencia de los animales, que necesitan digerir alimentos ya elaborados, las plantas son capaces de producir sus propios alimentos a través de un proceso químico llamado fotosíntesis. Para realizar la fotosíntesis las plantas disponen de un pigmento de color verde llamado clorofila que es el encargado de absorber la luz adecuada para realizar este proceso. Además de las plantas, la fotosíntesis también la realizan las algas verdes y ciertos tipos de bacterias. Estos seres capaces de producir su propio alimento se conocen como autótrofos.
La fotosíntesis es un proceso que transforma la energía de la luz del sol en energía química. Consiste, básicamente, en la elaboración de azúcares a partir del C02 (dióxido de carbono) minerales y agua con la ayuda de la luz solar.

Carbohidratos: Los carbohidratos son los compuestos orgánicos más abundantes de la biosfera y a su vez los más diversos. Normalmente se los encuentra en las partes estructurales de los vegetales y también en los tejidos animales, como glucosa o glucógeno. Estos sirven como fuente de energía para todas las actividades celulares vitales.
Almidón: El almidón es el principal polisacárido de reserva de la mayoría de los vegetales, y la principal fuente de calorías de la mayoría de la Humanidad. Es importante como constituyente de los alimentos en los que está presente, tanto desde el punto de vista nutricional como tecnológico. Gran parte de las propiedades de la harina y de los productos de panadería y repostería pueden explicarse conociendo el comportamiento del almidón. Reactivo del lugol: la reacción del Lugol es un método que se usa para identificar algunos polisacáridos, como el almidón, el glucógeno y algunas dextrinas.
El almidón en contacto con el reactivo de Lugol (disolución de yodo y yoduro potásico) toma un color azul-violeta. Esa coloración se debe a que el yodo se introduce entre las espiras de la molécula de almidón. Por lo tanto, no es una verdadera reacción química, sino que se forma un compuesto de inclusión que modifica las propiedades físicas de esta molécula, apareciendo la coloración azul violeta.

Cambios físicos y químicos: en los cambios físicos las sustancias mantienen su naturaleza y sus propiedades esenciales, es decir siguen siendo las mismas sustancias.
En los cambios químicos las sustancias iniciales se transforman en otras distintas que tienen propiedades diferentes.

PROCEDIMIENTO

1- Coloca unas hojas verdes en un recipiente con alcohol, en otro pon agua. 2- Enciende el mechero sobre el trípode, coloca el recipiente con agua y dentro de este pon el que está con alcohol y las hojas verdes. Este procedimiento es conocido como baño de María, donde el agua impide el contacto directo del fuego con lo que se desea calentar. 3- Debe hervir hasta que la clorofila se desprenda de la hoja, lo que debe dar una tonalidad verde. 4- Pon a hervir de la misma manera las hojas amarillas. 5- Con el gotero saca unas gotas del extracto de clorofila y ponlas sobre una caja de petri, agrégales una gotita de lugol y observa lo que sucede. 6- Haz lo mismo con el líquido resultante del hervor de las hojas claras. Saca un par de gotas y mézclalas con el lugol.

MATERIALES

1- Lugol 2- Alcohol 3- Hojas de plantas verdes y amarillas 4- Mechero 5- Encendedor 6- Trípode y rejilla 7- Tres recipientes para poner al fuego, uno de mayor tamaño que los otros 8- Gotero 9- Dos cajas de petri o dos platos pequeños 10- Agua

OBSERVACIONES

La mezcla del primer extracto con el lugol te dio un color morado, a diferencia del líquido resultante del hervor de las hojas más claras, que al mezclarse con lugol mantienen el color de este compuesto. Anteriormente mencionamos que como resultado de la fotosíntesis se producen carbohidratos (glucosa, almidón). Parte de estos también quedaron en el primer extracto, lo que no pasó en el segundo, debido a que, como la presencia de clorofila es mucho menor, también lo es la presencia de almidón.
Así, este experimento nos permite detectar la presencia del almidón, que al entrar en contacto con el lugol da como resultado un color morado.

PREGUNTAS

1. ¿Qué hecho biológico nos permite ver este experimento?
R/: Es el que las plantas se autoalimentan. 2. ¿Qué cambio hay en la clorofila de una hoja verde y amarilla?
R/: El pigmento de clorofila en el cloroplasto de la célula se encuentra en condiciones normales. Mientras que en una hoja amarilla en cloroplasto entra de un proceso de atrofia, es decir va perdiendo su función lo que indica que esta ya no realiza proceso fotosintético por tanto no hay producción de carbohidratos. 3. ¿Por qué la hoja verde cambio con el lugol y la hoja amarilla no cambio?
R/: Porque la hoja verde tiene células normales y tiene reservas de almidón, y la amarilla no. 4. ¿Qué diferencia hay entre hay un cambio físico y químico?
R/: En el cambio físico la naturaleza química de las sustancias no se alteran solo cambio de estado, en el cambio químico se altera la naturaleza de la sustancia irreversiblemente. 5. ¿Para qué se hirvieron las hojas en alcohol? R/: Para extraerle el carbohidrato de su interior

CONCLUSIONES

1. El azul-violeta del almidón al incorporarse con el reactivo del lugol se da gracias a la presencia del yodo en el mencionado reactivo. 2. El almidón está compuesto por la amilosa y la amilopectiva 3. El primer compuesto se colorea por una adsorción del yodo en su superficie 4. El segundo es debido a que como la presencia de clorofila es mucho menor también lo es la presencia de almidón. |

BIBLIOGRAFIA

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotos%C3%ADntesis http://www.botanical-online.com/fotosintesis.htm http://www.cienciapopular.com/n/Ecologia/El_Color_de_las_Plantas/El_Color_de_las_Plantas.php http://www.zonadiet.com/nutricion/hidratos.htm http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almid%C3%B3n http://www.elergonomista.com/alimentos/almidon.htm http://es.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080828082712AAN6MYW
http://www.librosvivos.net/smtc/PagPorFormulario.asp?TemaClave=1072&est=0

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Biology

...Biology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Biology (disambiguation). Biology deals with the study of the many varieties of living organisms. Clockwise from top left: Salmonella typhimurium, Phascolarctos cinereus, Athyrium filix-femina, Amanita muscaria, Agalychnis callidryas, and Brachypelma smithi Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. Among the most important topics are five unifying principles that can be said to be the fundamental axioms of modern biology:[2] 1. Cells are the basic unit of life 2. New species and inherited traits are the product of evolution 3. Genes are the basic unit of heredity 4. An organism regulates its internal environment to maintain a stable and constant condition 5. Living organisms consume and transform energy. Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology...

Words: 3394 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Biology

...Discuss the issues related to genetic diversity: mutations, sexual reproduction, migration, and population size What is genetic diversity? Genetic diversity refers to the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. “High genetic diversity indicates many different kinds of alleles for each characteristic, and low genetic diversity indicates that nearly all the individuals in the population have the same alleles”. There are certain issues related to genetic diversity which include mutations, sexual reproduction, migration, and population size. Mutations are stable changes in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations can be caused by many different things. They can be caused by radiation. They can also be induced by the organism itself. Mutations happen naturally when genes have dysfunctions. Modifications in DNA caused by mutations can cause errors in protein sequence, creating partially or completely non-functional proteins. “Many mutations are harmful, but very rarely one will occur that is valuable to the organism”. Sexual reproduction is the formation of a new individual following the union of two gametes. These gametes have specific needs. A gamete has to meet and unite together. They also must have food to nourish the developing embryo. “The new member may have a unique combination of characteristics so superior to those of the other members of the population that the new member will be much more successful in producing offspring”. “Migration...

Words: 389 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Biology

...dynamics involved in interspecific relationships in communities and ecosystems. After completing a semester of this lab, students should be able to: • Describe the process of evolution and the processes that shape the distribution and dynamics of ecological systems. • Analyze and display data using Microsoft Excel and appropriate statistical tests. • Generate and test hypotheses using the scientific method and careful laboratory techniques. • Select relevant primary literature on a given topic and integrate information from multiple primary sources into a written scientific lab report, using appropriate citations. • Conduct an experiment, collect and analyze data, and write a scientific lab report according to the conventions of biology, using a process of staged writing and revisions. Texts: McMillan, V. E. 2012. Writing in the Biological Sciences, 5th ed. Bedford/St. Martin’s Press: Boston. Readings as assigned from the lecture text - Freeman et al., 2014. Biological Science, 5th ed. All lab handouts and other readings as appropriate for particular labs, which will be posted on Blackboard. Overview: The lab is designed to complement the lecture with hand-on exercises. In general, lab activities will cover information that you will have learned previously. However, out of necessity we will occasionally cover material in lab before we cover it in lecture. The lab material will do more than simply reiterate lecture information. It should allow you to apply...

Words: 621 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Biology

...Art of Appreciation | Overview of Evolution | Devonte McLean | Why are we here? How are we here? What can account for the broad diversity of life we see around us every day? These are the questions people have been asking for thousands of years. It has been recently that science was sophisticated enough for us to be able to find the real answer. Anyone can tell you that the currently accepted explanation is the Theory of Evolution. In the early 19th century, the Theory of Evolution was being formed in the minds of many scientists but it was first given voice by Charles Darwin in his Origin of Species. He proposed that a process called natural selection acts on random variation within a species to cause only the most fit of that species to survive and leave fertile offspring. Natural Selection is a process that chooses specific individuals based on their characteristics, by allowing them to survive and multiply, less suited individuals die out. Over time, only a certain amount of organisms most suited to their environment survive, and organisms become more and more specialized. Darwin's theory was failing at the time of its broadcast as being an excellent explanation for the diversity of living things on our planet. Generally, the only opposition to the Theory of Evolution came from religious circles who believed that the world was created in six days and all the animals and plants were created exactly as we see them. While many scientists in the public stuck to their...

Words: 523 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Biology

...This is an annotated list of biological websites, including only notable websites dealing with biology generally and those with a more specific focus. Actionbioscience -- sponsored by the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) -- providing articles by scientists, science educators, and science students on issues related to seven bioscience challenges: environment, biodiversity, genomics, biotechnology, evolution, new frontiers in science, and bioscience education Animal Diversity Web -- created by the staff at the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan -- collecting the natural history, classification, species characteristics, conservation biology, and distribution information of thousands of species of animals Animal Genome Size Database -- created by Dr. T. Ryan Gregory of the University of Guelph in Canada -- publishing genome size estimates for vertebrate and invertebrate animals Animal Science Image Gallery -- a work of the United States Federal Government -- containing images, animations, and video for classroom and outreach learning Bioinformatic Harvester -- a bioinformatic meta search engine at KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology -- working for human, mouse, rat, zebrafish, drosophila and arabidopsis thaliana information Catalogue of Life -- compiled with sectors provided by 52 taxonomic databases from around the world -- planned to become a comprehensive catalogue of all known species of organisms on Earth Earth...

Words: 645 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Biology

...BIOLOGY MAJORS ADVISEMENT INSTRUCTIONS (Read ALL of this info) 1) When you return from Spring Break, you will be advised for Maymester, Summers and Fall 2012. You have TWO (2) WEEKS of Advisement beginning March 12- 30! 2) The date and time that you see on your vip Advisement link is NOT your Advisement appointment. This is the date and time that you go online and register for your courses. 3) Login to your VIP account, click ACADEMICS, click Record of Academic Work for Advisement Only. In the Top Left Corner of your transcript is your Advisor’s Name. Print a copy of your unofficial transcript and take it with you to your advisement appointment along with a completed checklist. Remember, you need a total of 6hrs of social sciences not just 3hrs. 4) To locate your Advisor’s office: 1) Look in your Campus Directory, or 2) contact the campus operator, or 3) READ the Directory in the lobby of Coker Life Science, or 4) check the bulletin boards on the Walls that are in front of Coker Life Science 106 and 108 , and go to your Advisor’s office and sign up for an advisement appointment. 5) If an Advisor’s name is not listed on your unofficial transcript, COME TO (don’t call) the Undergraduate office, Coker Life Science 108. 6) Once you’ve been advised, deliver a copy of your Advisement form to Coker Life Science 108; make sure the form has the LAST FOUR DIGITS OF YOUR SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER AND YOUR NAME IS LEGIBLE. Problem forms will be...

Words: 508 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Biology

...Natural Selection Christine D. Bacon Abstract: There are factors in nature that determine whether or not an organism can live in certain environments and consequently, these same factors can lead to population decline and further extinction. With this information can, and how, do organisms adapt to their environments? Students will form hypotheses about processes of natural selection and expand with a discussion of what controls natural populations. The concept will be introduced using two islands with the same populations. Our study will test which species will experience extinction. Using various types of beans, students will test which kinds (species) are able to pass through their "time tunnel", a container with a hole in the bottom. Data collection and graphing will also be an emphasis of this laboratory exercise, enabling projection of ebbs and flows of ancient and future populations. Grade Level(s): 7th Objectives: • Form hypotheses, test, graph, and analyze results • Understand the process of natural selection and what may control populations, including the concepts of adaptation and extinction • Enforce reading skills of cause and effect though identifying factors that cause natural selection • Improve map interpretation skills by following the voyage of the HMS Beagle on a world map • Refine data collection strategies and management • Explore appropriateness of graphs National Standards: Standard A: Science as...

Words: 2344 - Pages: 10

Free Essay

Biology

...Essay Questions 1. There are many reasons how human activities can lead to an imbalance of biochemical cycling, anything that the natural environment is not familiar with can damage or throw off biochemical balance. One of the negative impacts of eutrophication and increased algae growth is a loss of available oxygen, known a s anoxia. These anoxic conditions can kill fish and other aquatic organisms such as amphibians. However, how does eutrophication actually lower oxygen levels when it is common knowledge algae produce oxygen, but only when there is enough light. Eutrophication reduces the clarity of water and underwater light. In eutrophic lakes, algae are starved for light. When algae don’t have enough light they stop producing oxygen and start consuming it. 2. Opportunistic species use the “R-strategy”, where R= the species’ intrinsic rate of increase. They produce millions of eggs and sperm since only a small percent will actually meet, join, and become offspring. Examples are most insects, and corals, barnacles, clams, scallops and oysters, who spawn and fertilize their eggs in the water. Opportunistic species are often the first to colonize a new environment and their population growth is often exponential. They tend to “crash” when they run out of food, space, oxygen, sunlight, or whatever the limiting factor is in that environment. Equilibrium species use the “K-strategy”, where K= the carrying capacity of the environment. These species produce much fewer...

Words: 445 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Biology

...1. Explain how human activities can cause an imbalance in biogeochemical cycling and lead to problems such as cultural eutrophication and fish kills? Well there could be many reasons on how human activities can lead to an imbalance of biochemical cycling. Like anything that the natural environment is not familiar with can throw off the balance. One of the negative eutrophication is a loss of available oxygen known as anoxia. The conditions can kill fish and other aquatic organisms such as amphibians. 2. Compare and contrast the traits and growth patterns of opportunistic versus equilibrium populations. Provide one example of each. Opportunistic species use the “r-strategy”. “r” is the species instrinsic rate of increase. They produce millions of eggs and sperm since only a small percent will then meet, join and become actual offspring. Example : most insects, corals , scallops , oysters and clams that fertilize their eggs in the water. Opportunistic species are often the first to colonize a new environment and their population growth is exponential. Equilibrium species use the “k-strategy”, “k” is the carrying capacity of the environment. They produce fewer offspring and take care of them in other ways. Example: birds, mammals, and some live bearing fish. 3. Compare and contrast indirect versus direct values of biodiversity and also provide examples: biodiversity provides indirect benefits to human beings which support the existence of biological life and other benefits...

Words: 279 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Biology ( Basics )

...Lecture 01 Nature & Scope of Biological Science What is Biology? A brief history. Biology today. Group of organisms being studied. Approach taken to the study of organisms. New definition of Biology. Why study Biology? Aspects of Science Science has two aspects. It is both (1) a body of knowledge and (2) a method used for discovering new knowledge. What is biology? The word biology comes from the Greek words bios, which means life, and logos, which means thought. Thus, biology is the science that deals with the study of life. Origin of Life |According to this theory, about 15 billion years ago (15,000,000,000) the Universe was nothing more than a very small speck of mass. This speck| |was probably no bigger than the head of a pin. Everything in the Universe, all the galaxies, stars, planets, and even the matter making up your| |body, was squished up tightly in this tiny space. | |Eventually, after a very long time, this speck exploded. All of a sudden, in a giant flash of unimaginable heat and power, the Universe was | |born. Over a period of billions and billions of years, the Universe became what we see today. Slowly stars began to form, and around these | |stars planets formed. | |About 4.6 billion years ago our Earth looked very different...

Words: 1497 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Branches of Biology

...Branches of biology * Aerobiology – the study of airborne organic particles * Agriculture – the study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications * Anatomy – the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans * Arachnology – the study of arachnids * Astrobiology – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe—also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy * Biochemistry – the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level * Bioengineering – the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology * Biogeography – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally * Bioinformatics – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data * Biomathematics (or Mathematical biology) – the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling * Biomechanics – often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through prosthetics or orthotics * Biomedical research – the study of the human body in health and disease * Biophysics – the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods...

Words: 1800 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Biology Article

...Assignment 1: Biology Article Cinthya Jacobo Professor: Dr. Francie Coblentz Introduction to Biology: SCI115 11/08/2015 The article “Therapeutic Cloning, and stem cell Research” by Gena Smith is about how we can extract stem cells from replicated human embryos and use them for medical and therapeutic purposes. The stems cells are perfect because they are what the article calls “master cells” which with the help of science, can be manipulated to become anything from brain cells to kidney cells. The article also revolves around the amount of controversy over the issue of cloning. The article mostly reviews the medical side of cloning rather than the reproduction side which can one day lead to the cloning of individual people. The article has high hopes for the potential use of cloning stating that “Down the road, scientists believe it will be possible to create complicated structures such as blood vessels, liver tissue, and whole kidneys. In fact, ACT scientists have already succeeded in building tiny cow kidneys that could be used for kidney transplants. It isn't hard to envision, Lanza says, a future where pretty much any kind of organ or tissue could be engineered to replace those damaged by age, injury, or disease.” Overall, this new study of cloning could help clone new body tissues which can help regulate, maintain and potentially replace importance body organs that could then lead to the salvation of millions of lives. According to an article by Norwegian University...

Words: 705 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Branches of Biology

...Branches of Biology Biology, the study of life, has many aspects to it and many specializations within this broad field. Below is an alphabetical list of many of the branches of biology. Agriculture - study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications Anatomy - the study of the animal form, with an emphasis on human bodies Biochemistry - the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level Bioengineering - the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology. Bioinformatics - also classified as a branch of information technology (IT) it is the study, collection, and storage of genomic data Biomathematics or Mathematical Biology - the study of biological processes through mathematics, with an emphasis on modeling. Biomechanics - often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through artificial limbs, etc. Biophysics - the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences Biotechnology - a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification Botany - the study of plants Cell Biology - the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions...

Words: 686 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Biology Article

...Running Head: Biology Article 05/14th/2015 Experimental Biology SCI 115 Pamela Anderson Professor: Maria E. Monzon-Medina DUE 05/14th/2015 BIOLOGY ARTICLE Introduction Several lines of evidence support the claims surrounding the knowledge of biology. To begin I will discuss experimenting of drugs and other forms of biology linking to different topic on experiment. Then to discuss the history that link with the 17th century thinker. After that I will explain the three basic assumptions or principles of biology. BIOLOGY ARTICLE Experimental Biology This claim surrounding the knowledge of biology, is to begin with experimenting on different form of living things using drugs and other ways to test, our ideas, according to scientific principle on one occasion people have been engaging in experiment for as long as we are learning to eat and develop life saving drugs and medical treatment. Identifying the toxic chemical in our environment and food supply lab works is made evident to support research of modern lives (extracted from biology article 2013 ) this article relate to this course in many form. E.G. Biology dealt with plant, animals and human which is the component of biology it also dealt with research and experiment. In biology today book there is a subtopic evolution of diseases it explain how micro organism existed for many years it also explain the deference between pathogen and armless. (Star 2013). BIOLOGY ARTICLE History of...

Words: 698 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Biology Introduction

...including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of manybranches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it that govern all study and research, consolidating it into single, coherent fields. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the synthesis and creation of new species. It is also understood today that all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition. Subdisciplines of biology are defined by the scale at which organisms are studied, the kinds of organisms studied, and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biologystudies the complex interactions among biological molecules; botany studies the biology of plants; cellular biologyexamines the basic building-block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions oftissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; evolutionary biology examines the processes that produced the diversity of life; and ecology examines how organisms interact in their environment.[2] HistoryThe term biology is derived from the Greek word βίος, bios, "life" and the suffix -λογία, -logia, "study of."[3][4] The...

Words: 3754 - Pages: 16