...Branches of biology * Aerobiology – the study of airborne organic particles * Agriculture – the study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications * Anatomy – the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans * Arachnology – the study of arachnids * Astrobiology – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe—also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy * Biochemistry – the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level * Bioengineering – the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology * Biogeography – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally * Bioinformatics – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data * Biomathematics (or Mathematical biology) – the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling * Biomechanics – often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through prosthetics or orthotics * Biomedical research – the study of the human body in health and disease * Biophysics – the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods...
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...Assignment in Physics... 1. Definition of Science, Major branches of science 2. Scientific Method 3. Definition of Physics and its major branches 4. Notable Physicist and their contribution 5. Importance of Physics in our everyday life and in our society. (Write the references) Short bond paper, written or computerized (font: Times New Roman/font size: 12) Reading assign. Measurement Diff. system of measurement fundamentals and derive quantities scientific notation rules in significant figures conversion of units http://www.hep.man.ac.uk/babarph/babarphysics/physicists.html ) I.1 Science The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. I.2 The Branches of Science The Physical Sciences * Physics: The study of matter and energy and the interactions between them. Physicists study such subjects as gravity, light, and time. Albert Einstein, a famous physicist, developed the Theory of Relativity. * Chemistry: The science that deals with the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter. The chemist Louis Pasteur, for example, discovered pasteurization, which is the process of heating liquids such as milk and orange juice to kill harmful germs. * Astronomy: The study of the universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth Sciences * Geology: The science of the origin, history, and structure...
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...Biophysics, and Cell Respiration Sian Hall What is biophysics? To answer this question we first must explore biology, and what exactly it entails. Biology is the study of living organisms, with many different, interacting fields. Biology is an important branch of science, as it is essentially the study of life in the world around us. Without biology we would not be able to examine the growth, structure, origin, function, evolution or distribution of living things. Four principles form the basis of biology; cell theory, evolution, genetics, and homoeostasis. Physics, on the other hand, is the branch of science that explores the nature and properties of energy and matter, including mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, electricity,...
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...DNA in Forensic Science DNA is the carrier of genetic information in humans and other living organisms. It has become a very useful tool in forensic science since it was discovered. In forensic science, DNA testing is used to compare the genetic structure of two individuals to establish whether there is a genetic relationship between them. One example of the use of DNA in forensic science that is important in biology today is comparing a suspect’s DNA profile to DNA that was discovered at a crime scene. This can be done by DNA fingerprinting or by collection of body fluids, such as saliva, semen, urine, blood, skin and hair, found at the scene. Secondly, DNA testing can rule out possible suspects as well. DNA testing can be used to free individuals...
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...Scope of Psychology - Natural Science or Social Science Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Sociology, and Psychology, are amongst the most important sciences on planet Earth. Based on their field of study these branches of science are broadly categorised as Natural and Social sciences. At first glance one can tell that Sociology is categorised as a Social Science and subjects like Physics and Chemistry are categorised under the Physical science category of Natural Sciences, whilst Biology is categorised under the Life Science category of Natural Sciences. To keep this essay as relevant as possible I shall only be focussing on the Life Science division of Natural Sciences. Like Botany and Zoology, Biology studies living organisms such as plants, animals and several microorganisms. On the contrary, being a Social Science, Sociology studies the working, functioning and the behaviour of society as a whole. So what about Psychology? Is it a Social Science or a Life Science. To get a clear idea we must first define Psychology. Psychology is the study of behaviour and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought. To my utter disappointment, simply defining psychology will not resolve our dilemma, but it does give a clear idea of things. Psychology as a science is interested in what people think, what they feel and how they behave, the subject studies everything from the human brain to consciousness, memory and mental health ,whilst studying...
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...Biology is the study of life and living things, including their structure, growth and origin. It is about the cellular basis of living things, the energy metabolism that causes the activities of life, and the genetic bases for inheritance in organisms. Also, it includes the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms and the diversity of life on earth. Biological science is classified into various branches, which depend upon the organisms to be studied. These are some main branches of biology Botany, Entomology, Ecology, Anatomy, Immunology, Limnology, Genetics, Histology, Biomechanics and Embryology. The study of plant life or phytology is known as botany. It's studies the life and development of fungi, algae and plants. Botany also probes into the structure growth, diseases, chemical and physical properties of the plant species. Also it implies the importance of study of plant life on earth because they generated food, fibers, medicines, fuel and oxygen. A person who is working in the study of botany is called a botanist. As a botanist, you study plants and apply you knowledge to teaching and research in agriculture, horticulture, and land use planning and medicine. Usually they investigate the effects of environmental factors such as rainfall, temperature and disease on plant growth, they grow plants under controlled conditions to assess the significance of environmental variables and prepare handbooks for plant identification. Entomology is the study of insects...
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...Science in my daily life As the Earth completes yet another turn around it axis, the sunlight pours into my bedroom indicating it is time to wake up. In case I miss the hint, my alarm clock set, as usual, for seven o’clock will do the trick. I get up and enter the bathroom, pleasantly warm thanks to the radiator fed with hot water through a series of pipes connected to a central heating boiler. I remain a couple of extra minutes under the shower enjoying the warm water – courtesy again of my boiler -, and finally I am ready to get dressed, opting for a suit cut out of one of these new fabrics that are comfortable, warm and light all at the same time. In the kitchen, I prepare breakfast for four. I turn on the electric kettle to boil water for tea, while a jar of milk heats in the microwave. I turn on the gas oven to warm up the brioche I baked yesterday. It smells delicious and it looks even better, golden and spongy due to the work of yeast. And, while the rest of the family comes down to have breakfast, I turn on the radio to listen to the latest news around the Globe. I have been awaken for just some twenty minutes and science is all around me: the movement of planets, the electricity, the water treatment, the transformation and piping of the gas we use to cook and heat out homes, the chemistry behind new fabrics, the radio waves or the power of the small fungi we use for our pastries. Whatever I do, whatever I see, science is at the heart of everything. And the day...
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...Abstract Synthetic biology is a brand new field of research, its advances and prospects making it one of the currently most interesting areas in science. Globally, synthetic biologists are constantly thinking of new ideas and novel situations which they believe to be achievable in the near future. The aim of this project is to research and discuss the endless possibilities of this subject, but to focus on how these new ideas could provide for such a rapidly expanding population, or even how they could save the world from crisis. Despite having the potential to increase food production, reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, and even cure previously incurable illnesses, scientists have suggested numerous environmental and economical impacts some projects could make. Along with other controversial topics, ethical issues are one of the most talked about things in synthetic biology. This is mostly because the field is advancing at such a fast rate, that the scientists conducting research can’t keep the general public up to date with the scientific results, which the average person may not fully understand. Mass media also plays a big role in sparking controversy, as they will exaggerate things to smear the idea of synthetic biology replacing the natural way of producing foodstuffs and fuel. Synthetic biology has many different branches to it, but all of it comes down to genetic engineering, with added engineering. It is, essentially, programming living cells to do what...
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...Chemistry’s Role in Understanding the Dance of Life Is chemistry really important in comprehending life? Is it vital in understanding biology? Can we understand biology or the life per se without the presence of chemistry? As a cliché’ of most textbooks, chemistry is the central science. Meaning it all encompasses the branches of science including biology and physics. And if we try to define what is chemistry, it is said to be the branch of science concerning with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes and the factors that affects these changes. We, the humans, are living things and we are considered to be matter. Living things perform the best gift of God which is life. And the study of life is said to be biology. So therefore, with this simple logic, we can say that chemistry and biology are interrelated with each other. We can’t understand life without some basic knowledge of chemistry. Chemistry is so imperative in understanding life. Specially, the processes that are occurring in our body. We may define the terms respiration, digestion, metabolism, and reproduction scientifically but without proper information about the chemical processes we can’t really appreciate and discern them. Why we breath, digest, metabolize and reproduce has something to do with the latter. Chemistry is very necessary and ponderous in understanding different fields that is associated with the life of plants (botany), animals (zoology), minute organisms...
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...1. What is the theory of evolution? How is it a unifying theme in biology? The evolution theory explains the unity and diversity of life by explaining how random changes in genetic material and competition for scarce resources cause species to change gradually. 2. What is biogeography? How is it a unifying theme in ecology? The distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. 3. What is genetics? How is it a unifying theme in biology? Genetics is the scientific study of heredity. 4. What is plate tectonics? How is it a unifying theme in earth science? Plate tectonics is the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. 5. What is the Big Bang theory? How is it a unifying theme in astronomy? The theory that the universe originated 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature 6. How are the following branches of science integrated, connected, and related? • Chemistry and biology- any living thing has a chemical makeup, so the study of any living thing involves studying its chemistry. • Physics and chemistry- one explains why an object has certain properties and the other explains how the objects move and use those properties. One is the world at a distance and the other is the world up close. You cannot have one without the other • Physics and astronomy- physics grew from the study of our...
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...Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of animals and their parts; it is also referred to as zootomy to separate it from human anatomy. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny.[1] Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine. The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal’s body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology and also in the study of cells. The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcases and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. Contents 1 Definition 2 Animal tissues 2.1 Connective tissue 2.2 Epithelium 2.3 Muscle tissue 2.4 Nervous tissue 3 Vertebrate anatomy 3.1 Fish anatomy 3.2 Amphibian anatomy 3.3 Reptile anatomy 3.4 Bird anatomy 3.5 Mammal...
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...Biology is a huge subject with many sub branches, application and tools that have helped in the improvement of humanity. Bioinformatics is one of the many Biology branches, that is currently helping in medicine and other areas related to science. One of the ways it is doing it, is by improvement and be able to sequencing DNA (genome). Bioinformatics can be described as a science tool in which use computer technology to analyze, collect, storage, and retrieval of genomic data. There are different methods to sequence the genome of an organism, store and evaluate the information obtained. Sanger and Next Generation Sequencing are the most known methods. Sanger involve several steps, which includes the used electrophoresis, cloning large fragments...
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...Foundations of Psychology There are four major schools of thought in psychology. These are Psychodynamic, Behaviorist, Cognitive and Evolutionary. Each perspective helps to determine a patient’s mental status, but the differences are the way that each perspective suggests to go about discovering these patients’ mental statuses. The Psychodynamic perspective in psychology was developed in the late 1800’s by Sigmund Freud, and it is also known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic perspective tells us that most processes, feelings and behaviors that occur within our minds are done without our conscious knowledge. According to Kowalski and Westen (2009), “The psychodynamic perspective rests on three key premises. First, people’s actions are determined by the way thoughts, feelings, and wishes are connected in their minds. Second, many of these mental events occur outside of conscious awareness. And third, these mental processes may conflict with one another, leading to compromises among competing motives. Thus, people are unlikely to know precisely the chain of psychological events that leads to their conscious thoughts, intentions, feelings, or behaviors.” With the Psychodynamic perspective, a psychologist uses the case study method most often to interpret what might be going on in the patient’s mind that they may not be aware of. This means that the best way to use the psychodynamic perspective is for the psychologist and the patient to work...
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...Biodiversity Paper Biology as a science concerned with living organisms, said organism’s function, origin, structure, and distribution is defined through numerous subdivisions and branches. Conservation biology is a branch, which deals with certain factors threatening biodiversity as well as the preservation of genetic and biologic diversity of animal and plant species. Threatened, endangered, and extinct species are only some factors that may influence biodiversity. Any given species has to meet a certain criteria to suit the previously named terms. Conservation biologists are concerned with numerous species because of said species’ influence on the interrelation within their ecosystems, and the interruption of such ecosystem when the numbers of a certain species are drastically decreasing. Conservation biology is concerned with the maintenance of species, their genetic variation, ecosystems, and communities within such ecosystems. Biodiversity includes “The variety of life and its processes, including the variety of living organisms, the genetic difference among them, and the communities and ecosystem in which they occur” (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2004, p. 1). Even though the term “species” is complex, and some definitions may differ slightly from others “A species is often defined as a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature” (Berkley University, n.d., p. 1). Therefore, a species is defined as the greatest gene pool that can...
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...be noted that they come from philosophy and natural sciences. Philosophic roots of psychology are associated with the philosophic thought of ancient Greeks and the word "psychology" is of Greek origin. In the translation, psychology is "a science about a soul." Until the second half of the nineteenth century, psychology was a part of philosophy and was used for explanation of certain philosophical hypothesis. In the past, there were philosophers who had a major influence on the later development of psychology such as Rene Descartes (1596-1650), Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and John Locke (1632-1704). Rene Descartes is the most important representative of rationalism. His philosophical thoughts had a big influence on certain psychological branches, especially Gestalt psychology. According to Landrum, "Descartes suggested that whereas the mind is the source of ideas and thoughts (that he correctly located in the brain), the body is a machine-like structure to be studied and understood." Descartes acknowledged two substances: the soul and the body. On the other hand, Spinoza was an empiricist, and he advocated the standpoint that there is only one substance that is at the same time spiritual and material. This philosopher researched conflicts in human behavior. Therefore, he is considered as the antecedent of psychology of dynamics (a term later developed and established by Freud). Even though Spinoza and Descartes placed milestones for...
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