Chapter 25 Self Assessments Test
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 1. Organisms that must obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms are a. multicellular. c. heterotrophic. b. autotrophic. d. eukaryotic.
_____ 2. A student looks at a slice of tissue on an unlabeled microscope slide. The student concludes the tissue is not from an animal because the cells in the tissue have a. membrane-bound organelles. c. cell membranes. b. nuclei. d. cell walls.
_____ 3. In chordates in which pharyngeal pouches develop slits that lead outside of the body, the adult most likely uses what type of organ(s) to breathe? a. gills c. skin b. lungs d. nose
_____ 4. Nerves branch in intervals from which of the following structures in a chordate embryo? a. tail c. notochord b. pharyngeal pouches d. hollow nerve cord
_____ 5. The notochord is responsible for which function in an embryo? a. processing wastes c. respiration b. structural support d. processing nerve signals
_____ 6. Which chordate characteristic is visible on the outside of an adult cat? a. notochord c. pharyngeal pouches b. hollow nerve cord d. a tail that extends beyond the anus
_____ 7. All animals eat to obtain a. oxygen. c. carbon dioxide. b. ammonia. d. nutrients.
_____ 8. Muscles work together with a support structure called a a. segment. c. blastopore. b. skeleton. d. coelom.
_____ 9. Animals have an excretory system that eliminates all wastes except a. oxygen. c. ammonia. b. carbon dioxide. d. nutrients.
_____ 10. To maintain homeostasis, land animals that hunt and feed in salt water a. drink salt water. b. have adaptations that let them get rid of excess salt. c. choose to eat animals that are not very salty. d. drink less water to limit salt intake.

____ 11. Look at the illustration in Figure 25–1. Which of the following internal characteristics would you expect this animal to have? a. a pseudocoelom c. an acoelom b. paired organs d. a notochord
____ 12. A coelom is a body cavity a. completely lined with mesoderm. b. partially lined with mesoderm. c. without mesoderm. d. partially lined with endoderm.
____ 13. Which of the following variations would you expect to see in land vertebrates? a. varying numbers of limbs b. different types of symmetry c. varying shapes of forelimbs d. varying numbers of germ layers
____ 14. Which of the following is a node that you would expect to find on the cladogram for animals? a. fur texture c. feather arrangement b. deuterostome development d. leg length
_____ 15. Which of the following statements about the cladogram of animals is true? a. Backbones evolved before segmentation. b. Radial symmetry appears only once in the cladogram. c. Segmentation evolved more than once in different branches of the cladogram. d. All deuterostomes have bilateral symmetry and cephalization.

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true
_____ 16. More than 95% of animals are invertebrates.
_____ 17. The circulatory system delivers metabolic wastes to the excretory system for processing and elimination.

Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
18. Animal bodies are , which means that they are composed of many cells.
19. are not considered a clade because the organisms all lack a particular characteristic instead of sharing one.
20. The. of animals is based on scientists’ current understanding of the evolutionary history of living species.

Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
21. What two fundamental characteristics distinguish animals from plants?

22. What four characteristics are shared by both sponges and humans?

23. A biologist discovers a new species of animal. It does not have a notochord, but it does have a backbone. Can she classify it as a chordate? Explain your answer.

24. What determines whether or not a body system is likely to remain in a phylum over the course of evolution?

25. What are six characteristics of the human body plan?

Using Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
[pic]Figure 25–2

26. Interpret Visuals Study Figure 25–2. Which tissue will become the digestive system in both types of animals?

27. Interpret Visuals Which structure in Figure 25–2 represents the early stages of a protostome?

28. Interpret Visuals Look at Figure 25–2. Explain the steps of embryological development that are shown in structures A, B, and D. Does this series of steps illustrate the development of a protostome or a deuterostome?

29. Predict The final step of embryological development shown in Figure 25–2 is the formation of the tube through the center of the embryo. What organ system will this tube become?

30. Predict In Figure 25–2, which structure—D or E—would you expect to develop into an invertebrate with bilateral symmetry?

Essay
Write the answer to each question in the space provided.
31. Explain how feedback inhibition helps you maintain body temperature.

32. Describe the characteristic of bilateral symmetry in animals. How does this body plan help an animal carry out essential functions?

33. How is the arrangement of the three germ layers in an embryo related to the arrangement of organ systems and tissues in an adult vertebrate?

34. Why should scientists consider both the adult body plan of an animal and its pattern of embryological development when classifying an animal? Use an example to support your explanation.

35. Should the development of a more complex body system in vertebrates be considered an improvement over the simpler body systems of invertebrates? Explain your answer.

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Figure 25–1