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Blooms Taxonomy

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Draw on Bloom's taxonomy to demonstrate the value of thinking about thinking.
Good morning/afternoon/evening, wherever this presentation finds you.
I will be drawing on Bloom’s taxonomy to understand and demonstrate the importance of thinking about thinking. I will be discussing a brief history surrounding the taxonomy, what it means today, the different levels of thinking involved and how they differ, plus demonstrate how we can reach sophisticated thinking within academia and our lives using fictional examples.
First, a bit of history to understand the subject at hand. The original framework was conceived as a means of measuring educational objectives. Benjamin S. Bloom initiated the idea, beginning in 1949, with a final draft published in 1956 (Krathwohl, 2002). Initially, the term taxonomy was unfamiliar as an education term and misunderstood, receiving little attention at the time (Krathwohl, 2002). The revised framework, was developed 45 years later by Anderson and Krathwohl in 2001 in order to fit the more outcome-focused modern educational objectives (Huitt, 2011).
The differing frameworks are illustrated and you can see the similarities between the two. They are arranged in a hierarchy from less to more complex. I like the acronyms used here from LOTS (lower order thinking skills) to HOTS (higher order thinking skills).
Further to revision of the taxonomy, Anderson and Krathwohl added a conceptualisation of knowledge dimensions (as shown) within which these processing levels are used (Huitt, 2011). The further cognitive dimensions are significant when thinking about metacognitive activity (thinking at the highest level).
As you can see, Bloom’s taxonomy provides a solid ground in order to understand the need to broaden the depth of thinking and learning (Eber & Parker, 2007). Within this unit, we have been looking carefully at the benefits of critical thinking (Bowell & Kemp, 2010; Elder & Paul, 2010). Bloom’s taxonomy provides a beneficial hierarchy in order to highlight the importance of thinking about thinking. When you think about it, there’s actually a lot of thinking involved in thinking. Operating at higher levels requires use of principles from lower levels (Eber & Parker, 2007).
In order to demonstrate, I would like to draw on a classic fictional book, which I’m hoping most of you are familiar with, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory. Imagine this is your selected text for a unit you are studying and I am your teacher.
Let’s go through the levels of thinking together, recognising and distinguishing why each level is important.
*It is assumed here that some background knowledge/education is held about Willy Wonka and/or Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
At the remember stage we may be able to recall information such as the names of the main characters (Willy Wonka, Charlie Bucket, Grandpa Joe, Veruca Salt, Oompa-Loompas, Augustus Gloop – to name a few). If I were to mention a golden ticket or snozzberries it is likely that you could easily label what I’m talking about. If asked the question “Why did Violet turn Violet?” it is likely you would remember the gum she chewed and chewed...and chewed. As your teacher I may set a pop quiz for you to recall, identify, list and reproduce facts. It is the foundation of knowledge, an important initial step for rounded thinking before moving onto understanding.
Now at the understanding stage we can understand facts and summarise in our own words (without necessarily relating it to anything). This requires an explanation of the facts to demonstrate the understanding. Using the Willy Wonka example, again as your teacher, I may ask you to describe the expression each of the five golden ticket winners felt and distinguish, interpret and/or compare. You will understand there are, in fact, two different films that have been made, both based on the original 1964 novel by Roald Dahl (the original in 1971 featuring Gene Wilder and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory released in 2005 with Johnny Depp as cited in Otto, 2005). This is a key area when explaining information and comprehending or classifying details before applying to a greater whole.
Within the application stage facts are taken from the movie in a new form. This requires sufficient understanding of knowledge that can be reconstructed in a new way while staying true to the authours vision. For example, we will conduct a role play interview with Willy Wonka in order to look further into his personality, while remembering his true character. Here, we are able to apply facts of the novel to construct meaningful questions, at the same time considering the character of the person being interviewed. This demonstration would challenge your thinking in order to examine questions such as “What would be the result if…?” before further analysing.
At the analysis stage we enter a more sophisticated, higher level of thinking. This level may require studying parts of the movie upon which a conclusion is or is not based. For example, in the original Wonka movie, Charlie is supplied a lifetime of chocolate as the final prize, but in the latest film the prize is not specified. Here, we can distinguish the different elements and explain relationships that contribute to the whole work, while comparing and contrasting relationships at the same time. Analysis requires breaking down of information to see how parts work together, placing it into meaningful and new relationships as necessary before evaluation.
Upon evaluating, we may put elements of novel together to create a new product which calls for greater degree of thinking than in previous levels. For example, the two films are very different takes on Roald Dahl’s writing with Depp playing an almost evil Wonka, albeit quite subtlety at times. At this stage I may ask you to design a 2015 version of the film, predict and evaluating outcomes. While integrating and formulating plans for the new movie, it should also include your original thoughts. Eg your film must be based on the novel/movie using elements of the plot, but original dialogue perhaps. Through invention and design this leads us to our final category – creation.
This final level requires putting together elements to form a coherent or functional whole (Eber & Parker, 2007). At this stage it is crucial that you think about solutions and carrying out plans. As an activity you are asked to imagine you are floating down the river in the Chocolate factory and you must recommend which rooms to go into (Edible Marshmallow Pillows, Lickable Wallpaper, Hot Ice Creams for Cold Days, Cows that make Chocolate Milk, adapted from roalddahl.com). You are asked to create a flow chart, similar to that shown, that justifies your decision(s) on various levels and constructs original theories, understanding needs and possibilities. This is the highest and most complex thinking level in which we may question concepts and ideas, while stimulating cognitive growth.
In summary, you can see that each stage builds upon the other and the higher thinking skills require some degree of intellectual demand in order to become more critically acclaimed. A certain openness to different points of view is necessary in order to think with tenacity and intellect. Critical thinking is a skill, and like any skill, it must be practiced before it is mastered. By becoming aware of our own thinking and indeed, thinking about thinking I believe we strive to become better human beings.
I leave you with a quote from Dahl himself
“Something crazy is going to happen now, Charlie thought. But he wasn’t frightened. He wasn’t even nervous. He was just terrifically excited.”
I do hope that you go, with excitement, and think further about your thinking.
Thank you for your time.
Please don’t hesitate to post any questions and comments below. References
Bowell, T. & Kemp, G. (Ed.). (2010). “Why Should We Become Critical Thinkers?” Critical Thinking: A Concise Guide. 1-21. London: Routledge. Retrieved from http://racionalistasusp.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/bowell-kempcritical-thinking-a-concise-guide1.pdf
Dahl,
Eber, P. A. & Parker, T. S. (2007). Assessing Student Learning: Applying Bloom’s Taxonomy. Human Services, 27(1). 45-53.
Elder, L. & Paul, R. (2010). “Critical Thinking Development: A Stage Theory.” The Critical Thinking Community. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Retrieved from: http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinkingdevelopment-a-stage-theory/483
Huitt, W. (2011). Bloom et al.'s taxonomy of the cognitive domain. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cognition/bloom.html
Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Overview. Theory Into Practice, 41(4). 212-218.
Otto, J. (2005, July 15). Double Take: Wonka vs. Charlie. IGN. Retrieved from http://au.ign.com/articles/2005/07/15/double-take-wonka-vs-charlie
Image references:
Slide 2: Benjamin S. Bloom retrieved 6th April 2015 from http://usercontent2.hubimg.com/4954897_f260.jpg
Slide 3: Original and revised taxonomies retrieved 1st April 2015 from http://www.maxvibrant.com/images/education/blooms-taxonomy/blooms-taxonomy-comparison.png
Slide 4: Cognitive process dimension table retrieved 6th April 2015 from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cognition/bloom.html
Slide 6: Roald Dahl teacher in classroom retrieved 10th April 2015 from https://www.roalddahl.com/6884_IMAGE_0*480,0,449x253,1;0*480,0,898x506,2;481*9999,0,394x220,2;481*9999,0,788x440,1_2923_.jpg
Slide 7: Charlie and Golden Ticket retrieved 16th April 2015 from http://deadcurious.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ww_005.jpg
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Slide 11:
Slide 12:
Slide 13: Grandpa Joe retrieved 16th April 2015 from http://www.dvdbeaver.com/film2/DVDReviews46/charlie%20chocolate%20factory%20blu-ray/800%20willie%20wonka%20dvdPDVD_006.jpg
Slide 14: Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and the glasses retrieved 16th April 2015 from https://misstindlesclass.wikispaces.com/file/view/charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory.jpg/351547512/charlie-and-the-chocolate-factory.jpg

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