...Border Patrol is very important in today’s society. 1904 was the earliest U.S. Immigration was mounted and patrolling the boarders. They were not always considered an important part of society. At this point in time they did not always need border patrol. In fact when efforts were made by U.S. Immigration was rough and available when the resources were made available. In 1915, Congress passed a proposition for mounted guards at the boarders. However, these mounted guards were not actually put in place as border patrol until 1924. Then in 1927 to 1928 the man power behind border patrol expanded to 450 officers and supplied hay and oats for horses and an annual salary. Then in 1928 the border patrol finally had matching uniforms. (CBP, 2010) We have border patrol set in place to help eliminate smuggling of drugs, weapons, and even people in and out of the United States. Border patrol is also to help avoid and get rid of all terrorist entry into the United States. The officers also look for illegal weapons, mass shipments of weapons, and weapons off mass destruction. “In an effort to bring a level of control to the border, Operation "Hold the Line" was established in 1993 in El Paso, and proved an immediate success. Agents and technology were concentrated in specific areas, providing a "show of force" to potential illegal border crossers. The drastic reduction in apprehensions prompted the Border Patrol to undertake a full-scale effort in San Diego, California, which accounted...
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...International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures, Text and Cases, Seventh Edition SEVENTH EDITION FEATURES • Streamlined text in eleven chapters, with particular focus on global strategic positioning, entry strategies and alliances, effective cross-cultural understanding and management, and develop- ing and retaining an effective global management cadre. The seventh edition has been revised to reflect current research, current events and global developments, and includes company examples from the popular press. In Chapter 1, we introduce trends and developments facing international managers and then expand those topics in the context of the subsequent chapters. For example, we discuss developments in globalization and its growing nationalist backlash— in particular resulting from the global financial crisis. We discuss the effects on global business of the rapidly growing economies of China and India and other emerging economies such as those in Africa, and the expansion of the EU; the globalization of human capital; and the esca- lating effects of Information Technology and the global spread of e-business. We follow these trends and their effects on the role of the international manager throughout the book. For exam- ple, in Chapter 6 we focus further on strategies for emerging markets, while also dealing with changing strategies to respond to economic decline around the world and an increasing level of nationalism in some industries; we have a...
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...Should The United States Militarize Its' Borders What does the word territory mean to you? Could it mean simply an area of land that is ruled under the jurisdiction of a state or leader? Territory is one of the never ending battles humans of the Earth will face. We fought over it hundreds of thousands of years ago. And we are still fighting over it today. The battles we face today are different that in the past. Today the United States are fighting to keep the U.S. of America free and not overrun. But is that victory we envision in our future worth the cost it will entail. The only thing that is separating the United States border and Mexico’s border is simply an imaginary line. It is nothing we can see just what we are told is there. Then there are the official structures, the fences and wall and the use of border patrol agents to enforce the laws and boundaries. Yet you still have illegal immigrants crossing into United States territory without permission. What can we do to solve this issue at hand? We can invest in the use of heavy force. We can militarize our borders. Militarization is the organization or aggregation of military force in a territory. (Wickham, n.d.) The United States can send thousands of men and women to the borders to stop this from occurring. They can increase the size of the fences and walls. Invest in drones and spy planes. The only problem is how many will it take, or how will this affect the economy of the United States. This could lead to higher...
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...ac-bo-viet-nam-trung-quoc-94783.htm 9 http://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/Home/PrintStory.aspx?distribution=9072&print=true 9 INTRODUCTION Negotiation is an important skill that can help you achieve your demand when you talk with someone about that. It’s a communicate process, trade off demand of both two parties, in order to a final agreement. Negotiations with international elements are called by international negotiations. In this assignment, we would like to introduce the international negotiation between Viet Nam and China about land border during 19 years. From this case, we will show negotiation skill and analysis it, what’s successful and what failure in the negotiation is. Through it we hope can have deep knowledge about negotiation skill especially are international negotiations. * OVERVIEW OF SITUATION 1. The parties and the circumstances that led to negotiations The parties include Viet Nam and China. Border region with topographic structure is relatively complex, large fragmentation; lower from the West to the East leading to river systems in here tends to flow from northwest to southeast, less value for water transport. Depending on the season,...
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...Zaitchik’s article attempts to convey the idea that Mexico’s economy is forcing people to take desperate measures in order to survive. He uses his experience with a border crossing simulation as a way to lure the reader into the article. Zaitchik then proceeds to use statistical evidence to enlighten the reader about Mexico’s economic dependency on migrant workers. Zaitchik travelled to Mexico to learn about and participate in the border crossing simulation. He effectively uses his experience with the border crossing simulation, its participants, the Otomi people and his knowledge of the Mexican economy to effectively present his argument. Zaitchik’s personal experience and knowledge of the Otomi’s plight supplement his argument. He provides a series of facts and anecdotal evidence to show the emergence of a border crossing simulation in Mezquital Valley as a prelude to a bigger problem, Mexico’s economic dependency on migrant workers. Zaitchik states that the Otomi, the indigenous people of Mezquital Valley, lost 90% of their working class to migrant workers (258). Many of the Otomi migrant workers make the trip north to work seasonally, but many are unable or unwilling to return (259). The author’s use of these facts establishes that the Otomi was left with a population that would not be able to sustain their local culture or the community’s economy. This forced the remaining population to tap into a new form...
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...In life, people often feel as if they are separated from other cultures and classes; sometimes we can feel disconnected with our own customs which have evolved though a history that we may or may not have been a part of. Author Mimi Swartz in “Once upon a time in Laredo” correlates the complex history of the small border town of Laredo in south Texas with an annual debutant ball honoring the first United States President and his wife. In an effort to “gin up patriotism along the border” (p.4) the pageant celebration can not only remedy the town’s struggles with their history and multicultural background but also show Laredo’s present struggles with lineage and class structure in a changing modern world. Swartz makes evidence of her claim by giving historical examples behind Laredo and how the town became so famous for its debutant ball. Understanding the unique challenges this border town in Texas was facing, the author paints a picture of how its existence came to be. “After the U.S. defeated Mexico in 1948 in a bitter war for control of Texas, the boundary between the two countries shifted to the Rio Grande, and Laredo jointed the Union”(p.4). Once territories were drawn and many of its citizens came from across the border and even “drawing immigrants from Europe and other parts of the U.S.” (p.4), the town was becoming multicultural in nature. In an effort to cement itself in the country, the citizens of Laredo had created a celebration for George Washington “…to prove that...
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...A WORLD WITHOUT BORDERS Globalisation can be defined as the process in which the connectivity and interdependence between markets and businesses increases. It means that as economies become more interconnected, more opportunities arise. This process has been questioning the idea of national boundaries. Should there be boundaries between countries? Are they necessary? Boundaries have certain functions such as demarcating the territorial limits of a state’s jurisdiction and authority, the regulation of movement of people, capital, commodities and information between state territories and the assignation of an identity and citizenship. Are these functions being replaced by globalisation and business movements? The end of boundaries is not nigh. Firstly, one of the main functions of boundaries or national borders is, as said, the demarcation of the territorial limits of a state’s jurisdiction and authority. A state is sovereign by right. Borders are powerful symbols of the state’s power. It means that the government has the legitimate right to exercise coercion. When it comes to globalisation differences arise such as the meaning of sovereign to nations inside different territories. It is usually seen by national institutions with different points of view as to what sovereign means and depending of what constraints they might have. Boundaries cannot be erased to create a global community when there is no agreement about who is sovereign, where and how. Businesses would certainly...
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...Determinants of cross border mergers and acquisitions A cross-border merger is where the assets and operation of two firms belonging to or registered in two different countries are combined to establish a new legal entity. Cross border merger are important as it is considered as the mode of entry in the foreign market, provides a dynamic learning culture and is an important value creation strategy. Several factors are responsible for fuelling the growth of cross border mergers. Few among them are industry consolidation phenomenon, privatization and liberalization of the economies. The volume of cross border mergers has increased over the period from 23% of total merger volume in 1998 to 45% in 2007. Cross border mergers provide another dimension to domestic mergers because of cultural or geographic differences, government related differences, imperfect integration of the capital markets, changes in exchange rate and stock market valuations in local currency. A parallel literature to that on cross-border mergers concerns FDI. In this paper, we focus our empirical work on mergers and acquisitions rather than all FDI due to data quality. FDI contains components other than investment such as inter-company loans and retained earnings. As per the journal, the merger sample includes deals announced between the period 1998 and 2007. The total sample was of 187,841 mergers covering 48 countries. Out of this, 56,978 were cross border mergers with a total transaction value of $2.21 trillion...
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...U.S. Border Security (land, Air, Sea) Kelvin Lewis National University U.S. Border Security (land, air, sea) International borders define the sovereign territories of nations like the United States. Ports of entry and borders provide the exit and entrance points for people, goods, and conveyances, which enter or depart a country. Modulating borders and other ports of entry like the airports is crucial in ensuring the law and preventing the flow of contrabands, which may include illegal drugs. Moreover, criminals may use these points of entry to enter the U.S and carry out their illegal activities. The U.S borders and airports have exhibited a vulnerability towards the drug threat. Through restricting the flow of drugs across its borders, the U.S can reduce the availability of drug within its borders (McLinden & World Bank. 2011). Consequently, it may significantly reduce the effects of drug trafficking and drug abuse in the country. The smuggling of drugs and the entry of criminals is an unbearable slur to the welfare of the nation. The duty of countering the effects of aliens and contrabands is vested in local law-enforcement, state and federal agencies. These agencies are responsible for setting up security schemes in the airports. Nonetheless, recent terrorist and smuggling events have portrayed the vulnerability of the security systems in the U.S airports. The security systems employ modern and conventional technology. It thus begs the question as to...
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...Title Page BARBARA’S BLOUSES 1). What are some of the risks of buying overseas that one can avoid by buying from domestic sources? The major risk for any procurement team or importer to consider when buying overseas verses domestic is the associated costs. Some of these include: * Tariffs and the risks associated with non- tariffs - Tariffs are taxes levied on goods when they cross an international border, e.g. import duties. Non- tariff includes laws, regulations or requirements that prevent or impede the importation of goods without a good cause. These may include customs procedures, inadequate infrastructure, and protectionist government subsidies. * Distance in which these products come from thus increasing lead times – longer lead times can result in missing customer deadlines and can be very costly. * Transportation and Logistics costs for importing based on distance can also result in heavier costs towards the cost of the material or the importer * Currency and fluctuations – if the currency exchange is not predicted or considered, there could be significant loses to the cost of the items. * Quality: returns or warranties of materials – this can also cause a high cost due to the fact that returns or warranties may not exist, hence the importer taking the hit on these deficiencies or damages * Evaluation and hidden costs such as TCO should always be considered in order to understand the full cost to bring an item or items from overseas verses domestic...
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...Rapid technological developments with the onset of modernism and capitalism, movement of people and goods across national borders has become easy. Foreign investment became a common trend particularly in the 20th century. People have found employment overseas. People from various countries work or do business together. With these developments, it is obvious that conflicts between parties of different nationalities occur and liability to tax on income of foreigners especially among those engaging in trading venture. Whilst the laws affecting domicile and residence may be sufficiently settled, it is paramount for courts to pursue a detailed analysis to ascertain specific preliminary issues so as to avoid controversial rulings. Courts often handle numerous financial cases that involve what can be best described as foreign or international elements. In such cases, court must decide whether it has the jurisdiction under the Family Law Act 1975 to make a decision on such cases. In the event that it is determined that the court is invested with the jurisdiction to determine the case, the court has to consider whether there is a system of law in foreign country that also has the jurisdiction to handle the case. As it was addressed in the case Attorney General of New Zealand v Ortiz [1984] AC 1, these benefits and costs to either party if the case resolution is made in foreign country as compared with the apparent country should also be a subject of concern. [1] Legal systems...
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...* The case is before the court for respondent’s motion to suppress evidence * Agent Stoddard did not have reasonable suspicion to stop the vehicle as set forth by the Fourth Amendment * District Court of Arizona denied respondent’s motions to suppress * Facts of the Case * The afternoon of January 1998 Agent Clinton Stoddard was working at a border checkpoint by highway 191 30 mile north of Douglas Arizona * Respondent was traveling on an unpaved road and area Know to be taken by drug smugglers * respondents minivan set off the magnetic sensors which are used to alert boarder officer * Officer Stoddard spotted the respondent and asked permission to search the minivan * Issue(s) * Does Agent have good cause to stop Respondent minivan in compliance of the Fourth Amendment? * Holding * The court rule in favor of Agent Stoddard after examining the facts stated Stoddard had reasonable suspicion to believe that respondent was engage in drugs smuggling * Reasoning * The court applied the reasoning Stoddard to inter from his observation, registration check, experience as a border patrol agent. Stoddard had reasonable suspicion to believe that Arvizu was engaged in illegal activity, having considered the totality of the circumstances and given due weight to the factual inferences drawn by the law enforcement officer and District Court Judge. The Court reasoned that, although each factor alone could have appeared innocent, when taken...
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...Q.1 What role did country environments, government policies and firm level capabilities play in the evolution of the global computer industry? Country Environments: Government’s R&D efforts provided the initial spark required by private firms, who took over and expanded the early concepts to commercially viable ideas and products. Also, the government agencies were a major buyer of computer technologies. Japanese government started many state subsidised research projects which helped local firms to develop competency mainframe and computer manufacturing. European nations also provided funding to their local firms for R&D. Government Policies: Government policies often followed protectionist strategies against foreign competitors and allowed local firms to expand and grow. This was evident from the governments favouring local firms over foreign vendors for buying technologies. In Japan, state departments were mandated to buy Japanese products. The US state departments were a major buyer of IBM’s general purpose computers. All European nations also favoured their own local firms for all government procurements. The government policies also helped in the regulation of domestic competition and fostered more competition. The U.S. Department of Justice initiated three major antitrust suits against IBM which forced the company to unbundle its hardware and software which opened the door for other hardware and software vendors to make compatible products. Firm Level Capabilities: ...
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...Transnational Corporation (TNC)—Definitions A “firm that owns and controls production facilities in two or more countries” “A transnational corporation is any enterprise that undertakes foreign direct investment, owns or controls income gathering assets in more than one country, produces goods or services outside its country of origin, or engages in international production” This chart shows the relative growth of FDI compared to international trade and GDP growth. The sharp downturn in the late 1990s is due, in large part, to the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Lenovo to Acquire IBM Personal Computing Division Creating New Leading PC Business with Global Market Reach - Creates world's third-largest PC business with approximately US$12 billion annual revenue for 2003 - Global business with worldwide reach, powerful brand name, balanced product offerings and leading R&D capabilities - Long-term strategic alliances between Lenovo and IBM in PC sales, service and financing worldwide - Worldwide headquarters in New York; principal operations in Beijing and Raleigh, North Carolina - Transaction of US$1.25 billion in cash, equity; total transaction consideration of approximately US$1.75 billion - IBM to take 18.9 percent equity stake in Lenovo; transaction expected to be completed in second quarter 2005 Lenovo Group Limited, the leading Personal Computer brand in China and across Asia, and IBM today announced a definitive agreement under which Lenovo will acquire IBM's Personal...
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...Critical Thinking Kevin Schook ISM510 - Information Technology in the Global Enterprise Colorado State University – Global Dr. Omondi Opala April 12, 2015 Module 5: Critical Thinking Regulating data flows Regulation of cross border data flows or data protection regulation has had negative implications on sectors of the economy, business, organizations that are public and NGOs. The public has been very narrow when it comes to data protection regulation. Even when discussed the public has concerns about the costs that it would take to implement a proper regulation. The public would be taking a risk that involves unintended consequences that could become over-looked and even produce negative consequences that could restrict existing business opportunities. The level of data protection subjects are not improved because of ineffectively designed measures, poor targeting of instruments, and the public narrow view on cross border data regulation. The end result is excessive opportunity costs to society, businesses along with consumers, and leaving everyone else in a bad position. Here are some negative impacts that result from cross border data restrictions: 1. Cross border data flow of customers to foreign countries is prohibited. 2. Cross border data flow of employees to other businesses in foreign countries is prohibited. 3. IT/Server infrastructure forced to another location. Business impacts Some of the issues stated above are trade barriers because they restrict...
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