...Bossuet argued that God was the source of power accorded to kings and kingdoms were absolutely divine. Jacques Benigne Bossuet believed that all power came from God and that all rulers/kings were expected to do well in serving their people. Any wrong doings or evil would lead to direct punishment from God. The belief was that Kings acted as lieutenant and ministers of God on earth and through the kings, God exercised his powers on earth. The throne belonged to God who had an absolute and ultimate power. The kings are chosen by God himself just like “Solomon was chosen by God”(273). He further argues that God governs his people and gives them their rulers. The popular belief was that Louis X1V was chosen by God and had been given powers by Him to rule the people of France. Elizabeth 1, on the other hand...
Words: 1857 - Pages: 8
...In the early 18th century Europe, the continent was split up between the conventional thinking monarchy called “Constitutional Monarchy” and the more powerful and self-considering “Absolutism Monarchy”. The Absolutism Monarchy was run by Kings and Queens that have absolute power over their people and no restrictions on political power over their sovereign country or state. In the textbook, “Early Modern Europe, 1450-1789, the author quotes Jacques Bossuet by saying “Royal Authority is sacred…religion and conscience demand that we obey the prince. Royal authority is absolute…the prince need render account to no one for what orders…even if kings fail in their duty, their charge and their ministry must respected…Princes are Gods.” Bossuet was...
Words: 342 - Pages: 2
...priority. On page 200 it states, “For instance, the late King Of France did not always take the field in person; but it is known to what degree he loved war, and what glorious exploits he performed in it,” and it goes on to say, “His inclinations were not confined solely to military affairs, he also loved mechanics, manufacture and other establishments,” he adds this because he is trying to tell his son having something be top priority doesn't mean he can not have other interests. The Debate over the Origin and Character of Political Authority, (p. 184-185): Why might Bossuet have wished to make such extravagant claims for absolute royal power? Why does Locke find an absolute monarch in conflict with is subjects and they with him? How might subjects governed according to Bossuet’s and Locke’s principles relate differently to their monarchs and to the officials of monarchs administering their local communities? Bossuet might have wished to make such extravagant claims for absolute royal power because he, among others, “feared anarchy far more than tyranny” as it says on page 184. Locke finds an absolute monarch in conflict with is subjects and they with him in the way that he believes everyone is born with the right to freedom and people in the King’s nation would have no freedom at all in an absolute monarchy. Lastly, subjects from the two different types of government would relate differently because in Bossuet’s version “the royal power is absolute” and the people don’t have...
Words: 1303 - Pages: 6
...Présenter une bibliographie selon la norme Afnor Z44-005 Ouvrage NOM, Prénom. Titre de l'ouvrage. Mention d'édition. Éditeur, année. Pagination. Collection. MEIRIEU, Philippe. Faire l'école, faire la classe. ESF, 2004. 188 p. plusieurs Ouvrage en plusieurs volumes NOM, Prénom. Titre générique de l'ouvrage. Tomaison, Titre spécifique de l'ouvrage. Mention d'édition. Éditeur, année. Pagination. Collection. DUBY, Georges (dir.). Histoire de la France urbaine. 1, La Ville antique : des origines au XIe siècle. - Seuil, 1980. 600 p. Chapitre d'un ouvrage NOM, Prénom. Titre de l'ouvrage. Mention d'édition. Éditeur, année. Titre du chapitre, localisation dans document hôte. MEIRIEU, Philippe. Faire l'école, faire la classe. ESF, 2004. p.50-55 Contribution d'un ouvrage (ex : Article d'encyclopédie signé) NOM, Prénom Titre de l'article. In Titre de la monographie, Titre du volume. Editeur, année, localisation dans document hôte. Collection POGGI, André. Avalanche. In Encyclopaedia universalis. Corpus 3, p. 1212-1214. Article de périodique NOM, Prénom. Titre de l'article. Titre du périodique , année, volume, numéro, pagination. BERNHARD, Paulette. Perspectives sur l'éducation à l'information. Esquisse, juin 2003, n°28, p. 3-11. Site Web NOM, Prénom Nom du site. [En ligne]. Éditeur, date d'édition ou de mise à jour [date de consultation]. Disponibilité et accès. Université Laval. Bibliothèque. Site de la Bibliothèque de l'Université Laval, [En ligne].Université de Laval...
Words: 383 - Pages: 2
...HISTORY FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUIDE Renaissance/Reformation Scientific Revolution • Characteristics of Humanism/how it spread - Theories of Copernicus, Newton • Roles for women - Rulers support of scientific academies • Calvin’s teachings • Attitudes toward Anabaptists Economics • Goals of Protestant princes - mercantilism • Opposition to Spanish rule in UPN - decline of Hanseatic League • Places where major faiths co-existed - causes of 16th century inflation - Changes in Russian serfs status in 17th & 18th centuries Absolutism - purpose of “putting out” system Attitudes toward the Edict of Nantes - theories of Adam Smith Thomas Hobbes & Jacques Bossuet - 18th & 19th centuries’ standard of living Constitutional nations in 17th century improvements Factors supporting French absolutism Factors in decline of Sweden Cromwell’s invasion of Ireland 18th Century Results of the Thirty Years’ War - Partitions of Poland -Enlightened Despots’ achievements/ Reforms 19th Century - Britain’s foreign policy concerns Attitudes toward the Corn Laws - Peasant demands in French Revolution Goals of liberals, nationalists - Lasting changes of French Revolution Support for Greek independence - Critics of the French Revolution Theories of Thomas Malthus - Achievements of women in French Luddites Revolution Influences in French politics...
Words: 336 - Pages: 2
...There are too many things going on in a country/empire for absolutism to completely work towards prosperity. Other leaders delegated to control certain things helps the country as a whole so the country can work properly. Thomas Hobbs even said that "If any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies", which is showing the only single minded mentality of these monarchs of Absolutism (Doc 4). Others should balance out power to keep the king from commanding all his dependent subjects from doing something completely ridiculous. Bishop Jacques Bossuet said "Kings should tremble then as they use the power God has granted them; and let them think how horrible is the sacrilege if they use for evil a power which comes from God" to show how crazy it is for absolutism to exist since there is a great possibility of getting out of control (Doc...
Words: 648 - Pages: 3
...1. Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet (1627-1704) - He was a French bishop and theologian. He was a strong advocate of royal absolutism and the divine right of kings. He anticipated that the government was sacred and that kings expected their power from God. He is recognized for writing and preaching one of the most explicit and influential justifications for monarchical rights. 2. Louis XIV (1638-1715) - King Louis, who was known as the Sun King; he had more power than any other seventeenth century European Monarch. He took on reforming France to suit his own vision when he reigned over France from 1643-1715. 3. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) - Attended Cambridge University where he excelled in math and later taught at the University after he graduated. He hoped to harmonize his Christian beliefs with science. 4. Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) - He was a Fleming who lived in Italy. He wrote a textbook on the human anatomy and later was a personal physician to Emperor Charles V. 5. Catherine the Great (1762-1796) - Her family married at a young age to Peter III. She did not care for her husband and only wanted the crown. She conspired with a group of aristocratic army officers, who assassinated him and declare Catherine tsarina of Russia. 6. William Hogarth (1697-1764) - He was a British artist who produced many prints attacking British political and social life. In a controversial painting, he depicts a drunken voter who has been bribed and told how to vote, which at the time was...
Words: 430 - Pages: 2
...A Formação das Monarquias Absolutistas O Estado Absolutista correspondeu à forma política predominante na Europa do Antigo Regime. Representou a ultima etapa de superação da política medieval, ou seja, da descentralização política típica do feudalismo.Os governos absolutistas assimilaram a concentração total de poderes na pessoa do rei, cujos interesses eram vistos como sendo da nação como um todo. A justificativa para a centralização do poder na realeza baseava-se em teorias que valorizavam a presença de um soberano forte (o rei) e com plenos poderes sob o Estado, dentre alguns dos teóricos que defendiam esta ideologia encontram-se Maquiavel, Hobbes e Bossuet.Os países Ibéricos, foram os primeiros a desenvolver um regime monárquico forte e centralizado. Portugal No caso de Portugal, esta formação encontra-se já no século XII, pois em decorrência das guerras de reconquista do território ibérico dominado pelos árabes, desde a Idade Média, fez surgir um sentimento de união e nacionalidade do povo português sendo este convertido para a figura de um rei protetor e incentivador econômico. Espanha A Espanha estava fragmentada em alguns reinos, com autoridades próprias e independentes, foi somente através de um processo de unificação deste reinados que durou alguns séculos e finalizou-se com o casamento de Fernão de Aragão e Isabel de Castela, em 1469, juntando sob uma mesma coroa os quatro reinados espanhóis, realizando assim o processo de centralização política. Inglaterra ...
Words: 673 - Pages: 3
...and absolute monarchies were headed by single rulers, which allowed for some sort of corruption through their power. Since they usually ruled for life, rulers were able to spend large sums of money for personal gain as shown by Louis XIV with his palace of Versailles. To be effective, monarchs had to find ways to control the treasury, maintain a standing army, control religious protests, and expand a bureaucracy as shown by Louis XIV’s motto of “one king, one state, one God.” The two monarchies differed, however, in achieving their aims. Constitutional rulers believed that kings and nobles had to make a social contract and sacrifice some power to unite the country. The absolute monarchs believed that they acquired power from God. Bossuet said in his Treatise on Politics “Royal authority...
Words: 709 - Pages: 3
...INTRODUCTION The documentary “Inside North Korea” by Lisa Ling shows the isolation that North Korea faces, the fear that Kim Jong Il creates in the people, and it shows what life is like for North Koreans. This country has a political ideology called "Juche” enforce by Kim Il Sung. The ideology “Juche” will be presented in more detail below. North Korea is known as the hermit kingdom because it has been cut off from the rest of the world (Yi, Sun-Kyung, 2004). It is known to be one of the most isolated countries on earth (Lisa Ling). North Korea, Cruelly colonized by Japan early in the 20th century, and split from the south after World War II by cold war politics; it has suffered repressive governments and frequent famines (Yi, Sun-Kyung, 2004). Even with high numbers of famines in North Korea, nothing is imported or exported; this does not benefit the country or its people. This documentary shows the hardships the people have to go through. For example they have no freedom, there’s famine, they do hard labor, are isolated from the world, are punishment, killed, controlled, not allowed to even travel with-in their own country and cannot own a cell phone. It also shows the brainwashing and fear Kim Jong Il, known as The Great Leade, has created his very own people. No one is allowed to talk bad about him, better said to even think bad thoughts about him. He makes North Koreans think he is a supreme being and their God. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY The political ideology in North...
Words: 3056 - Pages: 13
...one could depict its very faults and blemishes. However, we should view her reign as it was then , but not as it should have been nowadays. Whether somebody coined it as an enlightened absolutism, the real truth remained : Catherine the Great has brought Enlightenment to Russia, the European Enlightenment. What was it, Enlightenment?- It was a philosophical movement that greatly fostered rational thinking, the use of science over traditions and superstitions, and also promoted freedom ,security and equality before law for all people. Catherine was thrilled by such great ideas. She devoted herself to reading and established a great line of correspondence with the true leaders of the movement such as Voltaire, Diderot, Bossuet,etc..In her letters, she overtly expressed her intention of becoming an adept of the movement. She started in creating schools and reforming the educational system. She Turned to Voltaire for advice. As an Enlightenment's follower, she was deeply interested in classical plays. Thus, she started to educate some motivated some young women in the country. " The young ladies, I must confess surpass our expectation: they are making astonish progress and everyone agrees they are growing up as delightful as they are full of social accomplishments. Their morals withal are irreproachable, without , however having the rigid austerity of...
Words: 1245 - Pages: 5
...one could depict its very faults and blemishes. However, we should view her reign as it was then , but not as it should have been nowadays. Whether somebody coined it as an enlightened absolutism, the real truth remained : Catherine the Great has brought Enlightenment to Russia, the European Enlightenment. What was it, Enlightenment?- It was a philosophical movement that greatly fostered rational thinking, the use of science over traditions and superstitions, and also promoted freedom ,security and equality before law for all people. Catherine was thrilled by such great ideas. She devoted herself to reading and established a great line of correspondence with the true leaders of the movement such as Voltaire, Diderot, Bossuet,etc..In her letters, she overtly expressed her intention of becoming an adept of the movement. She started in creating schools and reforming the educational system. She Turned to Voltaire for advice. As an Enlightenment's follower, she was deeply interested in classical plays. Thus, she started to educate some motivated some young women in the country. " The young ladies, I must confess surpass our expectation: they are making astonish progress and everyone agrees they are growing up as delightful as they are full of social accomplishments. Their morals withal are irreproachable, without , however having the rigid austerity of...
Words: 1245 - Pages: 5
...Samantha McElroy Chapter 1 Key terms 1. Politics: The process of deciding who benefits in society and who does not. It tells who gets what they want, when they want, and how they want. It is the practice and theory of influencing other people on a civic or individual level. 2. Efficacy: The citizen’s belief that they have the ability to achieve something desirable and that the government listens to people like them. It is the capacity to produce an effect. It indicates citizens’ faith and trust in their government. 3. Civic Engagement: The individual and collective actions designed to identify and address issues of public concerns. It can take many forms, from individual voluntarism to organizational involvement to electoral participation. It can include efforts to directly address an issue, work with others in a community to solve a problem or to interact with the institution of representative democracy. 4. Political Engagement: The citizen’s actions that are intended to solve public problems through political means. A wide variety of these political actions are possible, from boycotting and buycotting to running office. The people can help by organizing a fund raiser even, signing a petition, or joining a volunteer group. 5. Government: The institution that creates and implements policies and laws that guide the conduct of the nation and its citizens. It is the system by which a state or community is governed. Government of any kind currently affects every...
Words: 1440 - Pages: 6
...Frédéric Bastiat The Law The Foundation for Economic Education, Inc. Irvington-on-Hudson, New York 10533 The Translation This translation of The Law was done by Dean Russell of The Foundation staff. His objective was an accurate rendering of Mr. Bastiat's words and ideas into twentieth century, idiomatic English. A nineteenth century translation of The Law, made in 1853 in England by an unidentified contemporary of Mr. Bastiat, was of much value as a check against this translation. In addition, Dean Russell had his work reviewed by Bertrand de Jouvenel, the noted French economist, historian, and author who is also thoroughly familiar with the English language. While Mr. de Jouvenel offered many valuable corrections and suggestions, it should be clearly understood that Dr. Russell bears full responsibility for the translation. The Law The law perverted! And the police powers of the state perverted along with it! The law, I say, not only turned from its proper purpose but made to follow an entirely contrary purpose! The law become the weapon of every kind of greed! Instead of checking crime, the law itself guilty of the evils it is supposed to punish! If this is true, it is a serious fact, and moral duty requires me to call the attention of my fellowcitizens to it. Life Is a Gift from God We hold from God the gift which includes all others. This gift is life — physical, intellectual, and moral life. But life cannot maintain itself alone. The Creator of life has entrusted...
Words: 18033 - Pages: 73
...Emancipation and Apprenticeship Pre-18th Century Attitudes to Slavery Like other people of the time, Europeans believed that the enslavement of another person was justifiable as long as a reasonable explanation could have being given for the enslavement. In Africa itself, slavery was acceptable and people were taken as slaves in three ways: as prisoners in war, as a punishment for a crime and as a payment for debt. An English philosopher, John Locke stated that slavery is only justifiable when a person was then taken captive as a prisoner of war e.g.: in crusades. The Spanish questioned whether slavery was right but they still practiced it. They argued that slavery although wrong was necessary in order to develop their empire and to convert heathens to Christians. The Bible itself was ambiguous enough for Europeans to use it as the foundation for supporting slavery e.g.: the story about the curse on Ham and his posterity and their ‘blackness’ giving them inferiority and making them slaves forever. 18th Century Attitudes to Slavery In the 18th century, there was a changing attitude towards slavery, ideas about Christian brotherhood and that Christians could not be enslaved became popular for e.g.: the Quakers believed that blacks have immortal souls just like whites and can be saved as well. In France, the anti-slavery group was more of secular than a religious group. They were humanitiarrtians who believed that all men were created equal and that all men...
Words: 3497 - Pages: 14
