...Work and Well-Being How and to what extent does positive affect influence organizational citizenship behaviours? January 2006 Introduction This essay is broken down into various sections to develop the ‘building blocks’ upon which we can provide an answer to the question. In section 1, we will look at the core constructs of ‘positive affect’ (PA) and ‘organizational citizenship behaviours’ (OCBs). In section 2, we will answer the question of how PA influences OCBs by looking at some of the main theories and models. In section 3, the extent to which PA influences OCBs will be considered by reviewing the empirical evidence. Finally, section 4 attempts to draw conclusions and provides an overall discussion. Section 1 - Definitions This section looks at the constructs of ‘positive affect’ and ‘organizational citizenship behaviours’. Positive Affect (PA) Between the 1930s, when it started to emerge as a construct of interest to organizational research, and the mid-1980s, affect at work was construed almost exclusively in terms of job satisfaction (Brief & Weiss, 2002). However, Organ & Near (1985) argued that job satisfaction has both a cognitive (belief, judgement, comparison) as well as an affective (emotional, feeling) dimension, whereas most measures of job satisfaction tended to focus on the cognitive element. This distinction is important: Weiss & Cropanzano (1996) see affective experiences...
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...Organizational Behavior Exam/assignment paper January 2016 The topic of exam paper should be the analysis/audit of organization or team from the point of view of selected part of organizational behavior (or a few selected parts). The topic(s) should belong to one of the groups: a) individual phenomena – personality, emotions, values, attitudes, perception, learning, national culture, motivation, decision making, b) group phenomena – group structure and dynamics, team roles, work teams, leadership, power, communication, conflict, negotiations, group decision making c) organizational phenomena – organizational culture, organizational structure, motivational system, organizational change, learning and knowledge management, CSR You have to chose between two types of paper: 1. Narrow paper that focuses on selected issue of organizational behavior – you have to make an in-depth investigation into it, go to the details, dimensions, parts of the issue. 2. Wide paper that focuses on the whole set of issues of organizational behavior – in this case you have to present the alignment of issues – link them to each other, show how they work together. The paper should be 8-10 pages long and should meet the following criteria: 1. The paper should be practical and empirical instead of theoretical. It should be based on research carried out within the organization or team. The research may be in form of participative observation, questionnaires or semi-structured...
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...| | |Organizational Behavior and Group Dynamics | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course in organizational behavior encompasses the study of individual and group behavior in organizational settings. Emphasis is placed on strategic elements of organizational behavior, workforce diversity, managing change, effective communication, and performance systems. A comprehensive review of these processes, as well as others, will allow students to examine their role in organizations. Course Materials Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., & Osborn, R. N. (2008). Organizational behavior (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Robbins, S. P. & Judge, T. A. (2009). Organizational behavior (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior and Ethics | | |Details |Due |Points | |Objectives |Explain key concepts and terminology related to organizational behavior. |...
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...Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior encompasses associated aspects with relation to other internal mechanisms within an organization. The behavior attributes to consider include culture, communication, and diversity. In considering the various aspects mentioned an explanation pertaining to each and its correlation to one another ensues within this writing. Further a brief analysis with regard to a previous workplace establishes relevancy to culture and behavior. The organizational culture sets the stage in the expectations and in accomplishing set goals. The culture involves individuals, from upper management and lower level employees, working together with shared ideas, values, and beliefs. The culture determines the atmosphere within an organization relevant to individuals working together to accomplish a specific outcome. The culture establishes the means in meeting the goals established within the company with providing a congenial, fair, and respectful workplace. Individuals work with others, which possess the same perspectives in relation to the organization. This provides an organizational culture where joint contributions in achieving goals and beneficial aspects for the organizations success. Organizational behavior involves appropriate actions reflective in the workplace by employees as well as management. Behavior reflects on an organization in a positive or negative way. An organization to achieve a positive behavior among its employees recognizes the...
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...International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Ninth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska-Lincoln •Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University Mc Graw Hill Education Table of Contents Part One Environmental Foundation 1 2 The World of International Management: An Interconnected World Introduction Globalization and Internationalization Globalization, Antiglobalization, and Global Pressures Global and Regional Integration The Shifting Balance of Economic Power in the Global Economy 2 4 6 6 9 12 Global Economic Systems Market Economy Command Economy Mixed Economy 19 19 19 20 Economic Performance and Issues of Major Regions Established Economies Emerging Economies Developing Economies on the Verge 20 20 22 26 The World of International Management—Revisited 30 Summary of Key Points 32 Key Terms 32 Review and Discussion Questions 32 Answers to the In-Chapter Quiz 33 Internet Exercise: Global Competition in Fast Food 33 In the International Spotlight: India 2 Globalization and International Linkages 34 The Political, Legal, and Technological Environment 36 The World of International Management: Social Media and the Pace of Change 36 Political Environment Ideologies Political Systems 38 39 41 Legal and Regulatory Environment Basic Principles of International Law Examples of Legal and Regulatory Issues Privatization Regulation...
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...Organizational Behavior Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is term that one does not hear often in day-to-day life. But organizational behavior is something that is seen and heard many times over throughout the work-day. The reason why one would see and hear organizational behavior but not be aware is because most people are not aware of what comprises the field of organizational behavior. This paper will cover the important terminology used in organizational behavior, the observable aspects of said important terminology and provide a brief analysis of the culture and behavior of Speedy Cash, a nation-wide financial services organization that provides payday loans to the general public. Important Terms and Observable Aspects There are four important terms in the field of organizational behavior. They are organizational behavior, organizational culture, diversity and communication. Organizational behavior is “a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness” (Robbins & Judge, 2009, pg. 10). The observable aspects of organizational behavior would be the ethics used by employees, teamwork, IT usages, absenteeism, diversity of employees, turnover, and the importance of human capital. These are just a few items that can be witnessed within an organization. Organizational culture can be confused...
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...come to work and perform with the highest job performance. Job satisfaction also secures job stability and helps reduce cost in turnover ratio. Engagement is a positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption (Boudreau and Cascio, 2011, p. 145). Engagement in an organization helps find ways to reduce cost. With engagement, there is a dedication to be involved in the organization success through customer satisfaction, productivity, quality, safety, and cost. Pay fairness and employee outcomes: Exacerbation and attenuation effects of financial need Shaw, Jason D; Gupta, Nina. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 74 (Sep 2001): 299-320. Pay is arguably one of the most critical, if not the most critical, outcome of organizational membership for employees (Gupta & Shaw, 1998). Actual pay and people's attitudes about it are the subject of much research (Lawler & Jenkins, 1992; Miceli & Lane, 1991) but, over the decades, the vast majority of studies concentrated on the precursors of different kinds of pay attitudes(e.g. perceptions of pay fairness, pay satisfaction, etc.) rather than on their consequences (Heneman, 1985). In...
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...Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is term that one does not hear often in day-to-day life. But organizational behavior is something that is seen and heard many times over throughout the work-day. The reason why one would see and hear organizational behavior but not be aware is because most people are not aware of what comprises the field of organizational behavior. This paper will cover the important terminology used in organizational behavior, the observable aspects of said important terminology and provide a brief analysis of the culture and behavior of Speedy Cash, a nation-wide financial services organization that provides payday loans to the general public. Important Terms and Observable Aspects There are four important terms in the field of organizational behavior. They are organizational behavior, organizational culture, diversity and communication. Organizational behavior is “a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness” (Robbins & Judge, 2009, pg. 10). The observable aspects of organizational behavior would be the ethics used by employees, teamwork, IT usages, absenteeism, diversity of employees, turnover, and the importance of human capital. These are just a few items that can be witnessed within an organization. Organizational culture can be confused with organizational behavior...
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...1) Provide a brief summary of the company. (20 points) This should include where the company is headquartered, a brief history over the past 5 to 7 years, an overview of the company’s sales revenues and profits/losses, mission, vision and core values. 2) Situational Analysis: (60 points) A situational analysis is a business term that means evaluation of trends and situation of a particular industry or market. An organization's competitive position, market and growth trends, operating and financial condition, and the general state of the company's internal and external affairs are evaluated in a situational analysis. * Is management planning to expand the business? * What strategy(ies) does management seem to be focusing on? * What is the human resource forecast? Is the company hiring or laying off? a) External Analysis: With a situational analysis, you evaluate external factors that may change the way your company operates. Often these changes relate to your competitors in the market, market and consumer trends, legal requirements, government regulations, mergers and acquisitions, social changes, the economic environment and your customer base. For example, you may evaluate your current and potential customers and look at customer preferences, purchase patterns and behaviors. In the SWOT analysis, you use the information from the external analysis to summarize your company's opportunities and threats. b) Internal Analysis: Organizations...
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...understand the behavior of man. In our daily life we face situations that make us think that we are different people, with different characters and attitudes. Companies are mostly composed of human beings, all with different ways of thinking and perhaps an interpretation of things very differently from ours. This makes me wonder, if a company's vision is that all work in harmony to achieve the same goal?, then how important is understanding the behavior of people in an organization? I am convinced that the study of organizational behavior is a tool that will give us a way of understanding human behavior within an organization in a systematic and scientific way. There is no doubt that organizational behavior (which is abbreviated CO) is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within organizations, in order to apply this knowledge to the improvement of the effectiveness of such organizations. Furthermore, it is a field of study, this statement means that it is a specialty delimited and with a body of knowledge. What are you studying? Studying three determinants of behavior in organizations: individuals, groups and structures. If studying the individual and behave within an organization will be able to analyze the behavior of groups, with greater clarity because groups are composed by individuals who use structures established by the company already rules, procedures, rules to regulate their behavior. If this is the...
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...M4-Assignment 2: Internal Environmental Scan/Organizational Assessment https://homeworklance.com/downloads/m4-assignment-2-internal-environmental-scanorganizational-assessment/ M4-Assignment 2: Internal Environmental Scan/Organizational Assessment This section provides the opportunity to develop your course project. Conducting an internal environmental scan or organizational assessment, provides the ability to put the strategy audit together. In this module, you will conduct a comprehensive assessment of the internal environment at your business unit or organization you are working with for this project, also known as an organizational assessment, and present your findings in a report. In your report, you should analyze the operating characteristics and assets of your business unit. The SWOT model is one of the most common business tools used during organizational assessment. Another is developing a balanced scorecard based on a prescribed or planned set of performance objectives that will be measured and evaluated regularly. In this assignment, based on the external environmental scan you conducted in M2: Assignment 2 and the internal environmental scan in this assignment, you will develop a SWOT analysis and a balanced strategic scorecard. Part I: Internal Environmental Scan (2–3 pages) The internal environmental scan or organizational assessment should include the following: • Mission, vision, and values: Assess the organization’s understanding of the mission...
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...Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Business owners and management have been trying to make their companies the best for many years. In the process of archiving this goal, the companies considered all how they would get this done. It turned out to be obvious that the how people respond to group environments had a huge role in an organization's achievements. A common belief was established, "People are an organization's most important assets!” (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2009,). This began the study of Organizational Behavior. There are quite a few major beliefs and terms that come in to play. By knowing the beliefs and terms, one has a better understanding of Organizational Behavior is reached. Businesses that use the organizational behavior terminology and concepts regularly encourage change to create a further productive and greater work environment. Organizational Behavior takes a closer look of the way people and groups act in organizations. The way people and groups operate in organizations and how these organizations act in response to their environments. These factors consist of how employees or groups operate, believe, feel, and react to their job and organization. Typical its most important function is to build better relationships. Several of the key views of organizational behavior are organizational culture, diversity, and communication. By learning and understanding this knowledge, every employee should be capable of know how his or...
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...MGMT 591 Leadership and Organizational Behavior Topics for Term Papers These are only suggestions. The best project is one focused on improving conditions in one's own organization. Focusing on an employee productivity problem. Investigating employee turnover in a department or division. Determining why employee job satisfaction is low. Applying job design theory to improving the motivating potential score in a functional or work process area. Evaluating reward systems and their impact on performance. Looking at diversity in an organization and how it affects performance. Appraising a manager’s motivation methods and how they influence performance. Review the decision-making process in organizations. Concentrate on the communication process and how it affects the organization to achieve its goals. Look at how power and politics is impacting an organizational unit in terms of achieving the firm’s goals. Evaluate a leader’s leadership style and implications for performance and satisfaction. Evaluate organizational group conflicts that inhibit achievement of important objectives. Analyze a change effort in the organization. What went well? What went wrong? What should they have done? Determine the best organizational culture-style (in the context of the OCI) to optimize corporate objectives. Creating High Performance Organizations Effects of a contract worker in environment How perception of contract labor in the workforce ...
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...I. Organizational Culture “An organizational culture is the internal environment of an organization including the shared beliefs and values that influence the behavior of organizational members” (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2005). What are some of the observable characteristics of the culture of an organization? Such recognizable aspects include the stories, rituals, and other symbols that talk about the organization’s culture and operations, e.g., heroic organizational accomplishments, standardized activities done to influence members, and other rituals and cultural symbols that transmit cultural meaning. Other observable aspects are the rules and roles that culture specifies such as the many types of appropriate actions (rules) and the status of its members in the social system (roles). The organization and its members have a common shared meaning and cultural aspects and perceptions that others outside of the organization may not see (Schermerhorn, et. al., 2004). II. Organizational Behavior BusinessDictionary.com defines organizational behavior as the “actions and attitudes of individuals and groups toward one another and towards the organization as a whole, and its effect on the organization’s functioning and performance” (BusinessDictionary.com). One notices the observable aspects of organizational behavior with the way employees greet each other in the workplace, the way they smile and talk to each other, the way they react to their superiors...
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...Task 1: Organization and Leadership Analysis Assessment Code: C200 Student Name: Student ID: Date: Student Mentor Name: Table of Contents Organization Overview 3 Organization Description 3 Leadership Practices 3 Relationship Between Leadership and Organizational Culture 3 SWOT Analysis 4 Organizational Strengths 4 Organizational Weaknesses 4 Organizational Opportunities 5 Organizational Threats 5 Leadership Evaluation 5 Leadership Strengths 6 Leadership Weaknesses 6 Recommendations for Leadership Development 6 References 7 Organization Overview In this opening paragraph, provide the reader with an overview of what is included in this section. Include a brief introduction of the organization and leader you selected to analyze. Share with the reader why you selected the organization and leader and what you hope to learn. Organization Description Describe the organization you will be analyzing. Provide an overview of the organization, a brief history or the organization, and include the objectives of the organization. If you are analyzing a sub-set within an organization, you still want to begin with an overview of the larger organization prior to describing the team, department, division, etc. This section should not exceed 1 page. Include citations when appropriate following APA guidelines. Leadership Practices When completing this section, it is important to demonstrate that you can...
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