...This tendency does not only count for the criminal minority community mem-bers. In a survey published by BBC News, 60% of the black population believes that the police reaction have gone too far. 76% of the black populations have little to no confidence in a fair investigation of a police-involved killing . What is breeding this tendency of distrust in the black community? Two of the primary arguments in my opinion are the policing in the United States and black community’s bad im-age to the outside world, and I will explain both of the arguments in this essay. About the policing, the broken windows theory presented and promulgated by academic and political scientist James Q. Wilson was introduced in numerous police jurisdictions to control crime. The theory argues that cleaning up trash, fixing broken windows and quickly policing deviants and miscreants for small-scale crime would reduce...
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...Comparative Essay Original Creation of the Earth Rhonda L. Carter 9 March 2014 PHSC 210-B13 LOU | | Introduction It should be easy to say that the Earth was created by a higher power. For a Christian this higher power is God. The Bible gives us the six day creation of the heavens and the Earth and all that dwell upon it. For anyone else, the higher power is some unknown power that science is still trying to figure out. There are a lot of theories in science about how the Earth was created. One of these theories is the big bang theory. The essay will compare the two theories and show how different they are. Old Earth View In the old Earth view of the original creation of Earth we are told about the big bang theory. In order to explain this theory one must understand what science says that it is. “According to the big bang theory, the universe began by expanding from an infinitesimal volume with extremely high density and temperature. The universe was initially significantly smaller than even a pore on your skin. With the big bang, the fabric of space itself began expanding like the surface of an inflating balloon – matter simply rode along the stretching space like dust on a balloon’s surface.” (Takahashi, 2000) When dealing with science, one can see that scientists do not believe in a divine power such as God. They deal with their theories and will tell you that they believe something was created, but not that it was created by God. Only problem with this theory is that...
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...MGMT591 Final Exam Study Guide YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The Final Exam is "open book, open notes." The maximum time you can spend in the exam is three hours, 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the Submit for Grade button by then, you will be automatically exited from the exam. In the Final Exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently! This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet service providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your Internet connection does break, when you reconnect, you will normally be able to get back into your Final Exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. 3. See Syllabus "Due Dates for Assignments & Exams" for due date information. 4. Reminders * You will only be able to enter your online Final Exam one time. * Click the Save Answers button often. * If you lose your Internet connection during your Final Exam, logon again and try to access your Final Exam. If you are unable to enter the Final Exam, first contact the Help Desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see...
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...This imbalanced, caustic landscape slowly fractures him emotionally and psychologically. New York, Travis tells Senator Charles Palantine, a presidential candidate, is an “open sewer,” “full of scum,” and sees it as an ordinary horror. Most neighborhoods are overrun with prostitutes and dangerous criminals, markedly dangerous. Yet, unlike other taxi drivers, Travis is willing to go anywhere, to any neighborhood, indifferent to potential harms. As such, he looks upon and identifies a broken human race, while also subsists and supports his desire for...
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...minuets on this question. • Q.3 is a theories essay for 33 marks. THIS QUESTION IS SYNOPTIC! You should spend 45 minuets on this question. Below is a list of all the areas and studies you need to know for each section of the exam. Don’t worry if you don’t know all the studies, each college/school are likely to teach slightly different ones, just make sure you know about that amount for each section. Q.1 For the first two pure crime parts you need to know: Functionalist theories of crime and deviance Durkheim – Social control, social regulation including suicide Merton-Strain theory, blocked aspirations Cohen – Status frustration Cloward and Ohlin – Deviant subcultures New Right/Right Realism James Wilson – Strict law enforcement needed Wilson and Kelling – Broken windows, zero tolerance Murray – Cultural deprivation, single parents and ineffective, the underclass Erdos – Families without fathers Subcultural theories Cohen – Delinquent subcultures Cloward and Ohlin – Delinquency and opportunity, criminal, conflict and retreatist subcultures Willis – pupil subcultures (learning to labour) Patrick – Gang culture (Glasgow gangs) Humphreys – Gay subcultures and covert participant observation Miller – Focal concerns, lower working class male subculture Matza – Delnquency and drift, techniques of neutralisation, subterranean values Marxist theories of crime and deviance Gordon – Criminogenic...
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...Introduction. The polemical debate in understanding why crime occurred in society had invited a cornucopia of theoretical ideas based on ideology, pragmatism, and concomitant paradigmatic shifts. This debate, sometimes vitriolic and vexatious in equal measure, had resonated across the centuries mostly via philosophical thought. In the last two hundred years, however, the debate had become increasingly interwoven and complicated by newly-developed and derivative theories (sometimes polar or diametrically opposed) through the complex entanglement of modern societal development and socio-political thought. Insodoing, unpacking and defining the etiology of crime has proved to be a noteworthy adversary. This essay would seek to examine this unfolding drama of etiological proportions by addressing one of these key modern-day ideological polarities: right realism and left realism. It would critically discuss the relational polarity between these two theories by first examining and then comparing their respective etiologies. Second, it would examine and critique the interplay between ideology and British crime policy. Left Realism (LR): Etiology. “Left realism was explicitly, although not exclusively, concerned with the origins, nature, and impact of crime in the working class” (Lilly, Cullen, & Ball, 2007: p.191). It was a radical criminology and a very British development (Newburn, 2007). It was ‘Left’ as crime was envisaged as endemic owing to the class and patriarchical...
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...fact but in assumptions based on race and social class. Marijuana prohibition came about in a similar manner. Harry Anslinger, the creator and director of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, was not necessarily a racist man himself; however, he recognized and fed on the American publics racism to advance his puritanical convictions about the evils of drugs. Just as the Chinese were wanted out of California, citizens of southern border states near Mexico were very prejudiced against Hispanics. Anslinger was a master of sensationalist propaganda and never let the truth get in the way of his goals for a “drug free America,” so in 1937, he published an article titled “Marihuana, Assassin of Youth.” Targeted primarily at Hispanics and blacks, the essay was filled with racial allegations such as that “there are 100,000 total marijuana smokers in the U.S., and most are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos and entertainers… How many murders, suicides, robberies, criminal assaults, holdups, burglaries and deeds of maniacal insanity it causes each year, especially among the young, can only be conjectured” (Anslinger, 1937). What made this type of fear mongering even more outrageous was that it was not only fed to the general public but also to congress as the primary source of information in the hearings that led to the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937. Even the use of the word “Marijuana” was a tactical decision by Anslinger to portray the drug as something foreign and something to be feared. At the time...
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...The Role of Social Media In Public Relations Technology in this age is putting a spin on how an organization establishes and cultivates an ongoing mutually beneficial relationship with its publics. Social media is an evolving, ever present catalyst in the communication realm of public relations. Public Relations in its earliest years, the era of Antiquity, acknowledged the importance of public opinion, but their scope was limited to an arm's reach of their publics. Social media has become both a window and a bridge to the public relations practitioners', by enabling them to interconnect the internal objectives of the organization with the constant changing externalities. In the arena of public relations, an array of hats is essential to effectively carry the overall message of an organization into a stage of visible outcome. An organization's public relations department amongst many other tasks must build awareness, research and analyze public attitudes and perceptions, strategize, and implement crisis plans. Social media provides a way for organizations to do these things on a scale not known in earlier times when messages had to first bypass the filter of the media "gatekeepers". As stated by Rupert Murdoch, "Technology is shifting the power away from the editors, the publishers, the establishment, and the media elite. Now it's the people who are in control" (p. 1). Social media as defined by Wikipedia is "an umbrella term for the various activities that integrate technology...
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...Compare and contrast the pre and post 9/11 law enforcement response to terrorism. What strategies could be implemented to increase future law enforcement capability in countering terrorism? Andrew McAdam Student Number: Word Count: “Things will never be the same.” (Miller, Stone & Mitchell, 2002, p. 3) Law enforcement has undergone dramatic changes as a result of the devastating events in the United States on 11 September 2001 (9/11). This essay will examine how law enforcement, specifically within Australia, has shifted its policies and strategies to fight the post-9/11 terrorist threat. An analysis of police actions towards terrorist related incidents since 9/11, displays how law enforcement agencies have demonstrated their ability to respond to the various threats of terrorism as they arise. “Since 2001, numerous terrorist attacks have been thwarted in Australia. Thirty-eight people have been prosecuted as a result of counter-terrorism operations and 20 people have been convicted of terrorism offences under the Criminal Code.” (Counter-Terrorism White Paper, 2010, p. ii) Australia’s State and Federal policing agencies have ‘a long tradition of reactive patrol’ (White, 2012, p. 487) However, uniformed policing plays an important role in counter-terrorism operations. Due to their knowledge and close working relationships within the local community, police are in the best position to detect and prevent terrorist actions from occurring. “So far, terrorist attempts in...
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...Crime and Deviance exam questions Crime questions – Qu. 1 & 2 – both worth 21 marks.You should spend 30 minutes on each question and each should have a traditional essay structure (include an introduction and a conclusion, at least two sides of the argument, two or more theories, relevant studies and as much evaluation as you can cram in!). You also need to show ‘conceptual confidence’ – this just means that you should make it clear to the examiner that you know and understand the important concepts, e.g. anomie, relative deprivation.Make sure you make reference to the item – both essay questions will have their own item. You can often use the information in the item as a springboard into the essay in the introduction. However, you will be penalised for ‘overuse of the item’, so don’t just copy it out. You can use short quotes or statistics from the item though. | Question: | What to include: | Assess the view that ethnic differences in crime rates are the result of the ways in which the criminal justice system operates. | This question is essentially about the presence (or not) of institutional racism in the police, courts and penal system. You will need to compare the importance of this as opposed to explanations that argue that ethnic minorities do commit more crime - either as a result of relative deprivation (left realism) or poor upbringing, absent fathers, etc (new right). * Try to include some stats, reference to patterns of offending, stop and search...
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...Holocaust Essay The Holocaust is one of the worst tragedies in our history. Millions of people had died and thousands were left with mental or physical disabilities. All of this was simply because of intolerance and hatred towards Jews and other “minorities” The Holocaust is a very significant part of our history. It gave us an example of how prejudice our society can be. Today we are taught that we shouldn’t discriminate other people based on their religion, race or gender. Most countries don’t have dictators anymore, but instead give the power to their people. Discrimination, prejudice and racism are often frowned upon these days. Those are just a few examples on how the Holocaust has really affected us in ways that we haven't really given...
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...quote this early in the essay? Explain (1)I feel that Emerson’s quote “Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to its own string,” Is implying, whatever you set your mind too you can accomplish. “Every heart vibrates to its own Iron string,” Is implying that everyone is different; we go about doing things in different ways, but it doesn’t mean that it’s wrong. (2) I feel he placed this quote so early in the essay because; he wanted to attract the reader’s attention with such a unique passage. He tried grabbing their attention, early in the passage. 2. In paragraph 4, Emerson says, “it is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own” (as cited in Langan, 2014). What does he mean by this quote? What is his purpose in making this statement? Explain. (1) “It is easy in the world to live after the world’s opinion”, basically it’s saying that it is easy for other people to justify your life, doing what’s good in the eyes of society. Letting what other people think, affect the way you live your life. “It’s is easy in solitude to live after our own,” Is saying to live in solitude, you can easily live, doing the things that you want to do. (2) To shed light on the situation, of people caring, what other people think. Live by your own path; don’t let people influence what you do. It would be easy living in both situation, but living for your own self-interest, would be easier. 4. At the end of the essay, Gregory shifts his focus...
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...Simon G Simon G The window insulation always plays an important role in building design and thermal comfort, it is one of the main parts needed to be optimized in building envelop. The window insulation always plays an important role in building design and thermal comfort, it is one of the main parts needed to be optimized in building envelop. Extended Research Task Temperature Control in Homes ---- Windows Extended Research Task Temperature Control in Homes ---- Windows Temperature Control in Homes --- Windows 1. Abstract: The window insulation always plays an important role in building design and thermal comfort, it is one of the main parts needed to be optimized in building envelop. Window insulation is a basic element which can decide the insulation capacity. The large heat loss from the window is the main part of wasting energy, and simultaneously, there is also difficult to explore the new energy source and to improve the current heat generation device efficiency. Therefore, building a proper insulated window system is a good approach to keep an acceptable indoor climate as well as to reduce energy use and negative climate effects. The aim of this extended research task is to introduce readers to different ways of windows insulation that can efficiently reduce heat loss in an average household during Tasmanian winter. 2. Introduction Tasmania has cold temperature climate with four distinct seasons, with the most distinctive season during the...
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...remain remarkably consistent.’ Do you agree? “Is there not also a central obscurity, something noble, heroic, beautiful, inspiring half-a-dozen great books, but obscure, obscure?…These essays do suggest that he is misty in the middle as well as the edges; that the secret casket of his genius contains a vapour rather than a jewel; and that we needn’t try to write him down philosophically, because there is nothing to write” (Gekoski 3). Certainly, as Forster says, it has been a common description of Conrad that his work is obscure. Forster seems to imply here that Conrad cannot be knowable due to the contradictory nature of his philosophies and that he is “misty in the middle as well as the edges”. Amongst Conrad’s “mist” and ambiguity it may seem difficult to determine the consistency of Conrad’s philosophies throughout his career. This essay seeks to illustrate Conrad’s tendency to concentrate on a cluster of related issues throughout his work and to highlight the pattern of consistency in which he treats them. Three of Conrad’s “obsessions” will be mainly focused upon; isolation, fragility in identity, and fidelity. In order to show a broad time span of Conrad career I will be referring to three of his works: Nigger of the Narcissus, Lord Jim, and The Secret Agent. It is the view of this essay that although Conrad may be obscure in meaning, his treatment of his ‘obsessions’ remain consistent over his career and also, when seen as a whole, fit within each other consistently. ...
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...remarkable drop in crime over the last twenty years in comparison. So it is only logical that criminologist would want to study this phenomenon to get to the root of its success. In “ The City That Became Safe” Zimring decides to go beyond New York’s surface success and find the causes in these decreases. Through his analysis of the New York’s constant decline in Zimring says: “We now know that life-threatening crime is not an incurable urban disease in the United States.” He takes the stance that improved policing strategies and systems explain New York’s constant decreasing in various area’s of crime. Dr. Zimring will further assert his stance through finding the causes of the decline and explain what else can be learned though criminological theories and crime control policy. As previously According to Zimring, New York’s decrease in serious crime is unprecedented among America’s biggest cities. In the 1990s the entire country experienced the largest documented crime decline of the twentieth century, in which the typical big city experienced approximately 35 to 40% reductions in felonies. But in most urban areas the downward trend ended around the year 2000. In contrast, Zimring notes that New York’s decline has so far lasted twice as long, and the average felony rate drop has been twice as large. The city’s felony rates have plunged by an average of about 80%, and they have continued to stay at that low level or to decrease even further in the post-2000 period. Before proceeding...
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