...Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explain what an afterburner is, who created it, when it was created and what it is used for. Afterburners have mostly one purpose and that is to provide an increase in thrust, which is mainly used during takeoff, for a rapid climb in supersonic commercial aircraft to achieve the most efficient cursing altitude rapidly, and during combat situations. It was created and tested in late 1944 by the British, and then again in mid-1945. The US also worked on afterburners in the period of 1948 with installations on early straight wing jets like the Pirate and the Scorpion. Today the afterburner has come a long way and are considered standard equipment for fighter aircraft. Only a few civilian planes have used them, and one being a very well-known one, the Concord. This plane could fly long distances at supersonic speeds, but at a very high cost of fuel burn. In conclusion the afterburner is a great tool that can provide the extra thrust needed in many situations for the combat pilot in a military fighter jet or the civilian pilot just trying to achieve the greatest amount of altitude for an efficient flight and conserve fuel. Afterburner Report An afterburner is a method of increasing short periods of thrust in a jet engine in order to takeoff faster, climb, or perform certain types of combat maneuvers. This burst is achieved by injecting additional fuel for burning downstream of the turbine, because of all the excess air (oxygen) the...
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...Improvement in Supply Chain Management for Oil and Gas Sector Using Drag Reduction Theory 2 2 2 Arshad Ali Anjum1*, Arshad Chughtai , Amir Shafeeq , Ayyaz Muhammad Abstract Supply Chain Management is an integrative philosophy about managing the flow of distribution channels from supplier to the consumer. PARCO, an oil and gas company in Pakistan has three existing pipelines. Out of three, two pipelines are running parallel from Karachi to Mehmood Kot. One pipeline is of crude oil and meeting the demand of PARCO refinery while second pipeline is of High Speed Diesel (HSD) and third pipeline is of (HSD & Kerosene) running from Mehmood Kot to Machhike(Sheikhupura).PARCO supply petroleum products from Shikarpur, Mehmood Kot, Faisalabad & Machhike to oil marketing companies (OMCs) as per their share, standard and demand. The purpose of these pipelines is to meet the country demand for petroleum products at various locations all over Pakistan. In the peak season when OMCs have high demand and receipt of product from PARCO pipelines are less, there is a need to enhance the flow rate of oil inside the PARCO pipelines to fulfill the demand of OMCs. This could be done economically by the application of drag reduction theory. So by injecting drag reducer, dragging of the oil inside the pipeline could appreciably be reduced thereby improving the pumping of oil. Introduction Supply Chain is the network of Organizations that are involved, through upstream and...
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...Which Fruit Molds the Fastest? Problem Which fruit molds the fastest? Materials * Pears, Apples, Bananas * Plastic baggies * Fruit knife * Location: Kitchen * Pen and paper Question Which fruit, banana, pear or apple, will mold faster? Does fruit type effect mold growth? Hypothesis I think that bananas will mold faster than the apple or pear. Variables Independent Variable: Type of fruit Dependent Variable: Time to mold Variables That Need To Be Controlled: place left exposed to air, room temperature Vocabulary List That Needs Explanation Mold can be explained in the following ways: 1. Any of various fungi that often cause disintegration of organic matter. 2. The growth of such fungi. Procedures In my project I will be molding fruit that is exposed to air. To make this happen, I need a container box, one apple, one banana and one pear. I will cut each fruit with a knife and place them in a bag in a room temperature area such as my kitchen. I will need to wait for two weeks and see if any mold has grew. Every other day, I will take notes about the change that had occurred. Safety or Environmental Concerns Mold might cause sickness due to fumes. I need to throw away the fruit once it molds. Experimental Design Controlled, manipulated experiment What is your experimental unit? Molding Fruit Number of Trials: One Number of Subjects in each trial: Three Number of Observations: Fourteen ...
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...environment that it was spilt into. The corporation BP took much heat from the government, along with everyone around the country for causing the leak, and not fixing it quick enough. The fact is, once the leak started as it did, it was a very hard problem for them to stop. My paper will cover three elements of this horrible disaster: First, the ecological impact on life in the gulf after the spill, Second, the current economic life of the local communities, and lastly, what is being done to mitigate future consequences. First, obviously the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico left an ecological impact on life in the gulf, and surrounding areas. On July 15, the leak was stopped by capping the gushing wellhead, after it had released about 4.9 million barrels,^ or 205.8 million gallons of crude oil. That is a whole lot of oil being released, so the impact that it had on the environment was a big one. Actually, it was the largest accidental marine oil spill in history. Obviously the marine life was affected by the spill. Many fish, birds, plants, and other animals that use the gulfs water were killed by the oil. If certain parts of the ecosystem are damaged, it affects the whole entire environment. "A research team found oil on the bottom of the seafloor in late February 2011 that did not seem to be degrading."1 This statement tells you truly how serious the oil spill was....
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...Hypertension in Older Adults Jihan Leonard Labouré College Abstract This research paper looks at the medical condition hypertension, otherwise known as high blood pressure. The history of the disease from the first discoveries of Stephen Hale to the implementation of high blood pressure testing as a standard in routine health care by Samuel Karl Ritter Von Basch are among the topics discussed. In addition to past and current treatments of this condition like angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and diuretics, etc., new approaches are reviewed (removal of the carotid body to the use of radio waves). Hypertension in Older Adults – Past, Current and New Treatments Something often attributed to old age, being overweight, etcetera, hypertension has become a common place medical condition in adults. This paper will look at the efficacy of past and current treatments, and new approaches to treat this medical condition. With the phrase older adults, it’s referring to those over 60 and in some of the journal articles the mean age of those in the studies average 80/83 years old. Hypertension is a medical condition that occurs when you have a continually high systemic arterial blood pressure. It is defined when the systolic pressure is constantly bigger than 140 mmHg or when the diastolic pressure is constantly bigger than 90 mmHg or more. But for people over the age of 60, hypertension is bigger than 150/90. Hypertension is...
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...Final Report on the Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Deepwater Horizon Study Group March 1, 2011 The Deepwater Horizon Study Group (DHSG) was formed by members of the Center for Catastrophic Risk Management (CCRM) in May 2010 in response to the blowout of the Macondo well on April 20, 2010. A fundamental premise in the DHSG work is: we look back to understand the why‘s and how‘s of this disaster so we can better understand how best to go forward. The goal of the DHSG work is defining how to best move forward – assessing what major steps are needed to develop our national oil and gas resources in a reliable, responsible, and accountable manner. Deepwater Horizon Study Group Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster This Page Intentionally Left Blank Deepwater Horizon Study Group Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster In Memoriam Jason Anderson Senior tool pusher Dewey Revette Driller Stephen Curtis Assistant driller Donald Clark Assistant driller Dale Burkeen Crane operator Karl Kleppinger Roughneck Adam Weise Roughneck Shane Roshto Roughneck Wyatt Kemp Derrick man Gordon Jones Mud engineer Blair Manuel Mud engineer 1 Deepwater Horizon Study Group Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster In Memoriam The Environment 2 Deepwater Horizon Study Group Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout Disaster Table of Contents In Memoriam....................................................................
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...he placed an embargo on English shipments. That decision effectively cut off France’s access to the English ports that France depended on for the transshipment of cane sugar from the West Indies. Sugar stocks piled up on English docks while the people of France suffered for the lack of it. To meet the unsatisfied need created by his embargo and England’s counter-embargo, Napoleon decided to encourage production of sugar from sugarbeets. Experiments ten years earlier had established the viability of the beet root as a replacement for cane sugar. So convincing were the results that representatives of the cane industry offered to pay the modern equivalent of $120,000 to Karl Franz Achard, the scientist most responsible for carrying out the research in return for his disavowal of the possibilities of extracting sugar from sugarbeets. His rejection of the offer not only confirmed his strength of character but also established the foundation of an industry. By 1812, forty factories were in operation in France. These factories, miniscule by 21st century standards, handled nearly one hundred thousand tons of beets produced on some seventeen thousand acres, extracting from them more than three million pounds of sugar. From France, the industry spread to other countries, especially to Germany and Russia. In Germany, Achard established a school attended by students from all parts of Europe. When the students returned to their home countries, they carried with them technical information...
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...Index SR. NO. | TOPICS | 1 | Acknowledgement | 2 | Introduction OF Water Pollution | 3 | Types of Water Pollution | 4 | Water Pollution Effects | 5 | Ganga River pollution in India | 6 | Extent of problem in West Bengal | 7 | CONSEQUENCES IN KOLKATA AS A RESULT OF WATER POLLUTION | 8 | Water Pollution Solutions | 9 | Water Pollution Preventions | 10 | “Ganga Action Plan” (GAP) | 11 | Conclusion | Introduction Water Pollution India is a land with many beautiful rivers and countryside. In India many of the rivers are considered to be holy, but water pollution in India has caused many of the rivers to be too polluted for use. Water pollution is a very serious problem in India which is the second most populous nation in the world. It is estimated that over 70% of all of India’s surface water is polluted in some way and many of the groundwater reserves have also been contaminated as a result of biological and industrial pollutants. As more and mre water becomes polluted the water pollution in India gets more and more severe. Many rivers have been deemed to be unsafe for human consumption which leads to water scarcity. Water pollution in India also makes irrigating crops difficult. If the water supply is too polluted to drink it should not be used for watering crops. With limited sources of water and pollution increasing every day India is facing a serious water crisis. Water pollution is becoming a huge problem which is faced by all of the human...
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...Escape from a Straitjacket while Trapped Underwater Escape from an Incinerator Escape a Pack of Hunting Dogs Escape from the Basement of a Collapsed Building Escape from Being Blown to Kibbles and Bits Chapter II: Car Troubles Make a Stick-Shift Car Drive Itself Repair a Busted Brake Line While in a Moving Car Fake a Flat Tire Recharge a Car Battery with a Bottle of Wine Lift Your Car with a Innertube Repair a Broken Fuel Line with a Ballpoint Pen A MacGyver Classic: Make an Arcwelder from a Car Battery and Pocket Change Chapter List Chapter III: Angus Macgyver: Superspy/ Chemistry Teacher Make a Fire Extinguisher with the Contents of Your Kitchen Cabinet stop an Acid Leak with a Chocolate Bar Read the Contents of a Burned Sheet of Paper Make Your Own Homemade Tear Gas Make a Homemade Spectroscope Create Your Own Homemade Fog Develop Photos with Battery Acid, Ammonia, and Orange Juice Power a Radio with a Cactus Use a Photographic Fixer as an Antidote and an Icepack Chapter List Chapter IV: Breaking and Entering (use only for good,...
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...DR . RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW A project submitted for the research work undertaken in the preparation of research paper on the following topic. TOPIC British petroleum oil spill and its ecological impact on the US economy. SUBJECT ENGLISH SUBMITTED BY : - UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF :- Mrs. ALKA SINGH ROLL NO: SECTION : SEMESTER : Acknowledgement I owe my deepest gratitude to mu supervisor, Mrs. Alka Singh, whose encouragement , guidance and support from the intial to the final level enabled me develop an understanding of the subject and helped in the completion of the project. Lastly , I offer my regards and blessings to al those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the project. Contents * Company background * Facts of Problem under discussion- Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010) * Efforts to contain the Flow of oil * Permanent Closure by ‘Static Kill’ Operation * Areas affected – * Impact on US economy as a whole * Environment and ecological impact * Fisheries * Tourism * Individual impacts on states * Louisiana * Florida * Alabama * Unaccounted Oil * Commercial Law Suits * Damages paid * Long term effects * Reference Company Background * Name – British Petroleum * Founded- 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company 1954 as the British Petroleum Company 1998...
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...Book report Boomerang: travels in the new third world International business finance By:Chen Sibo 2013/12/5 There is a point that what you get is depending on what you did in Chinese culture. If you try to do something, you have to consider what you would be charged. The book Boomerang, to an extent, agrees the point without prior consultation. The American author Michael Lewis used a metaphor for Europe’s financial crisis. He points that several European countries’ crisis come from their non-standard financial operations. It is just like a bad boomerang player hurt by himself. Boomerang is written in the form of travel. However, this is not a normal travel: the author contacted with a variety of characters, including national dignitaries, currency traders, tax officials, monks involved in the event of fraud, real estate developers, firefighters affected by the financial cuts, etc. From a local all aspects of the system, culture, history, etc., the author tried to find the underlying causes of the financial bubble. Because he had worked on Wall Street before, Lewis is extremely familiar on the operation of the financial system. His humorous writing makes it interesting to read the story. At the same time, the story contains a lot of meaning. After reading this book, I have not only more intuitive understanding on European financial crisis, but also been more vigilant about how to participant financial operations. Iceland: banks hurt the country The author believed...
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...international company that specializes in delivering innovative business continuity and cloud computing solutions for IT service providers. The report further discusses Zenith’s products,learnings imbibed from the programme and the future scope of cloud computing in detail. Literature Review 1.Identifying Cloud Computing Security Risks (February 2011) -Paul Wooley Tyco Electronics Abstract Cloud computing services including Infrastructure as a Service promise potential cost savings for businesses by offering remote, scalable computing resources. However attractive these services are, they pose significant security risks to customer applications and data beyond what is expected using traditional on-premises architecture. This paper identifies three basic types of threats related to the IaaS layer and eight...
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...English translation of the Vimanika Shastra, which purports to be an ancient Hindu manuscript on the construction and use of flying machines. Title Page Preface Plates First Ten Pages of Sanskrit Foreword Title Page (English Translation) Contents First Chapter Second Chapter Third Chapter Fourth Chapter Fifth Chapter Sixth Chapter VYMAANIKA-SHAASTRA AERONAUTICS by Maharshi Bharadwaaja Propounded by Venerable SUBBARAYA SHASTRY Translated into English and Edited, Printed and Published by G.R. JOSYER SCHOLAR, HISTORIAN, ESSAYIST, SANSKRITIST Printed at CORONATION PRESS, MYSORE-4, INDIA [1973] NOTICE OF ATTRIBUTION This text is NOT in the public domain in any country. This e-text has been posted for archival and research purposes only and must not be exploited commercially. Any other uses may be subject to International Copyright law. PREFACE by John Bruno Hare Have I lost my mind? This was the first reaction when I saw this listed for sale at the used book site, ABEBooks. I had heard rumors of this book for years, but for a long time I thought it was like the Necronomicon, a book which doesn't exist except as an urban myth. Yes, you can buy a Necronomicon at amazon.com, but let's get real. You will not be shredded by shambling extra-dimensional entities if you do . . . The Vymanika Shastra, however, is not a myth. In recent years, I had seen the English text reproduced in Vimana Aircraft of Ancient India & Atlantis, published by Adventures Unlimited...
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...Perdido Street Station (Bas-Lag 01) By China Miéville "...and Lublamai no longer thought of screaming but only of watching as those dark markings rolled and boiled in perfect symetry across the wings like clouds in a night sky above, in water below." Prologue Part One: Commissions Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four Chapter Five Part Two:Physiognomies of Flight Chapter Six Chapter Seven Chapter Eight Chapter Nine Chapter Ten Chapter Eleven Chapter Twelve Chapter Thirteen Chapter Fourteen Chapter Fifteen Chapter Sixteen Chapter Seventeen Part Three: Metamorphoses Chapter Eighteen Chapter Nineteen Chapter Twenty Chapter Twenty-One Chapter Twenty-Two Chapter Twenty-Three Chapter Twenty-Four Chapter Twenty-Five Chapter Twenty-Six Part Four: A Plague of Nightmares Chapter Twenty-Seven Chapter Twenty-Eight Chapter Twenty-Nine Chapter Thirty Chapter Thirty-One Chapter Thirty-Two Chapter Thirty-Three Part Five: Councils Chapter Thirty-Four Chapter Thirty-Five Chapter Thirty-Six Chapter Thirty-Seven Chapter Thirty-Eight Chapter Thirty-Nine Chapter Forty Chapter Forty-One Part Six: The Glasshouse Chapter Forty-Two Chapter Forty-Three Chapter Forty-Four Chapter Forty-Five Part Seven: Crisis Chapter Forty-Six Chapter Forty-Seven Chapter Forty-Eight Chapter Forty-Nine Chapter Fifty Chapter Fifty-One Part Eight: Judgement Chapter Fifty-Two "I even gave up, for a while, stopping by the window of the room to look out at the lights...
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...APC - PRESENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT INTRODUCTION The fundamental problem of managing military research and development is that uncertainty about the enemy and the costs and benefits on new technologies make it impossible to identify the single best route to innovation. Stephen P Rosen 1. Stephen Rosen’s statement identifies one of the most challenging problems facing political and military leaders today. In an era of uncertainty, which includes a diversity of potential threats and military operations, what is the “best route” in the area of military innovation to translate limited research and development resources into capabilities to deal with current or potential threats and its allies? By the time World War I ended military theorists around the world had learned from several rude surprises. First of all, horse-drawn and foot transport really wasn't good enough in the modern world. They didn't exactly get rid of the horse but horses were extremely vulnerable to fire, and the mud characteristic of trench warfare slowed them down a bit. Men were better in mud, but not much, and could not march quickly enough. The imperatives of battle were such that soldiers had to be able to move in almost all conditions, and if breakthroughs were to be exploited, they had to move fast. 2. The realities of trench warfare came as a rude shock to officers in World War I. Machine guns, barbed wire and trenches...
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