...POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1667 Dealing with Commodity Price Uncertainty Plantos Varangis Dont Larson Market liberalization has increased the appeal of commodity derivative instruments (such as futures, options, swaps, and commodity-linked notes)as a means of managing price uncertainty. many In emerging countries both government and the private sector are increasinglyusing these instruments. The World Bank International Economics Department Commodity Policy and Analysis Unit October 1996 POLICYRESEARCH WORKINGPAPER1667 Summary findings Liberalization in commodity markets has brought profound changes in the way price risks are allocated and managed in commodity subsectors. Price risks are increasingly allocated to private traders and farmers rather than absorbed by the government. The success of market reform depends on the ability of the emerging private sector to make full use of the available range of modern commodity marketing, price risk management (such as futures, options, swaps, commodity bonds, and so on), and financing instruments. Because farmers do not generally have direct access to these instruments, interinediaries must be developed. Larger private traders and banks are in the best position to become these intermediaries. Preconditions needed for accessing modern commodity marketing, price risk management, and financing instruments are: * Creating an appropriate legal, regulatory, and institutional framework. * Reducing government...
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...International Finance & Global Capital Markets Exposure Management Himanshu Bhutani A014| Dawood Bukhari A015 Shibani Gujrati A025| Siddhant Anthony Johannes A033 Nishtha Sardana A054| Prateek Walia A063 1 INDEX 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..3 2. Operational Exposure………………………………………………………………………..9 3. Transaction and Translation Exposure…………………………………………….……..11 4. Other Strategies used by Companies to Hedge Exposure……………………...………19 5. Case Studies: Hedging Strategy used by Companies………………………….………..20 2 INTRODUCTION Foreign exchange exposure represents a material risk for multinational corporations which are unrelated to business operations. One needs to identify each foreign exchange exposure, the risk it represents and methods and costs available to limit such exposure. The value of a firm’s assets, liabilities and operating income changes continuously due to change in factors such as exchange rates, interest rates, inflation etc. In other words, a firm is “exposed” to uncertain changes in a number of variables in its environment. Exposure may therefore be defined as a measure of sensitivity of the value of a financial item to changes in the macro economic variables mentioned above. Risk refers to the variability of the value of the item. FOREIGN EXCHANGE EXPOSURE Foreign Exchange Exposure occurs because of unanticipated change in the exchange rate. For example the difference in the spot rate & one month forward rate is 0...
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...Market with Hedging Instruments In partial fulfillment of the requirements of for award of Master of Management Studies Through Atharva Institute of Management Studies under the guidance of Prof. Aditi Mahajan Submitted by Paras Gada MMS Batch: 2010 – 2012. DECLARATION I, Mr. Paras Gada of Atharva Institute of Management Studies pursuing Masters of Management Studies hereby declares that I have completed this project on “Foreign Exchange Market with Hedging Instruments” for the Academic period 2010 – 12. The Project has not formed the basis for award of any other degree, associates, fellowship or any other similar titles. This information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. Place: Mumbai Date: 3rd April, 2012 Signature of the Student ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The present work is an effort to throw some light on ‘Foreign Exchange market with Hedging Instrument’ the work would not have been possible to come to the present shape without the able guidance, supervision and help to me by number of people. With deep sense of gratitude I acknowledged the encouragement and guidance received by Prof Aditi Mahajan, for completion of my project report. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Paras Gada, a student of Atharva Institute of Management Studies, of MMS SEM IV bearing Roll No. 12 and specializing in Finance has successfully completed the project titled “To study Foreign Exchange market with Hedging Instrument.” ...
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...describes the International Finance course at Harvard Business School for instructors considering adopting the associated material. The paper begins by arguing that the forces of globalization have fundamentally changed the scope and activities of firms thereby altering the practice of finance within these firms. As a consequence of an increasing reliance on tightly-integrated foreign operations, a parallel world of finance has been opened within every multinational firm and this world has, heretofore, been overlooked. The course materials are designed to address the many aspects of financial decision making within global firms prompted by these changes that are not addressed in traditional materials. The paper provides an overview of the structure of the course and its seven modules with particular emphasis on the three modules that constitute the core of the course. The paper also describes an analytical framework that has been developed through the creation of the course materials to guide critical financial decisions on financing, investment, risk management and incentive management within a multinational firm. This framework emphasizes the need to reconcile conflicting forces in order for multinational firms to gain competitive advantage from their internal capital markets. The paper concludes with a discussion of the course's pedagogical approach and detailed descriptions of all the course materials, including 19 case studies, corresponding teaching notes, several module...
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...Compiled AASB Standard AASB 139 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement This compiled Standard applies to annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2011 but before 1 January 2013. Early application is permitted only for annual reporting periods ending on or after 30 June 2009. It incorporates relevant amendments made up to and including 27 October 2010. Prepared on 26 November 2010 by the staff of the Australian Accounting Standards Board. Obtaining Copies of Accounting Standards Compiled versions of Standards, original Standards and amending Standards (see Compilation Details) are available on the AASB website: www.aasb.gov.au. Printed copies of original Standards and amending Standards are available for purchase by contacting: The Customer Service Officer Australian Accounting Standards Board Level 7 600 Bourke Street Melbourne Victoria AUSTRALIA Phone: Fax: E-mail: Website: (03) 9617 7637 (03) 9617 7608 publications@aasb.gov.au www.aasb.gov.au Postal address: PO Box 204 Collins Street West Victoria 8007 AUSTRALIA Other Enquiries Phone: Fax: E-mail: (03) 9617 7600 (03) 9617 7608 standard@aasb.gov.au COPYRIGHT © 2010 Commonwealth of Australia This compiled AASB Standard contains IFRS Foundation copyright material. Reproduction within Australia in unaltered form (retaining this notice) is permitted for personal and non-commercial use subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction...
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...Our customers voted us the #1 Best Coffee in the annual Zagat ® survey. 1 4 2 We found a small way to make our Starbucks Cards even more convenient. 3 We made sure our customers will never be without great coffee. AUTHOR STARBUCKS CORPORATION TITLE ANNUAL REPORT YEAR FISCAL 2010 FISCAL 2010 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS Net Revenues (in Billions) Comparable Store Sales Growth (Company-Operated Stores Open 13 Months or Longer) $10.4 $9.4 $10.7 $9.8 7% 7% 5% $7.8 –3% –6% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 Operating Income (in Millions) & Operating Margin (in %) GAAP Non-GAAP GAAP Non-GAAP 2007 2008 2009 2010 Operating Income by Segment, Excluding Other United States $1,472* International Global CPG $53 $1,419 $1,054 13.8%* $894 11.5% $894* 18% 13.3% $843* 11.2% $332 $339 15% 9% 12% 73% 8.1%* 4.9% 2006 2007 2008 $562 $504 5.7% 2009 2010 2006 Earnings per Diluted Share GAAP 73% 9.2%* 2010 Operating Cash Flow & Capital Expenditures (in Millions) C ash from Operations Non-GAAP Capital Expenditures $1.28* $1,705 $0.04 $1.24 $0.87 $0.71** $0.71* $1,132 $0.80* $1,389 $1,331 $1,259 $1,080 $985 $0.28 $771 $0.28 $0.52 $446 $441 $0.43 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 * Non-GAAP measure. Excludes $339, $332 and $53 million in pretax restructuring...
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...MNGT2001 Business Strategy Starbucks Case Analysis Endang Abu Bakar 3171895 Dagamac Janelle Tan 3156283 Nguyen Dinh Duy 3158495 Le Duc Anh 3159239 Sutthisiriwattana Pimchanok 3175067 Ye Xintao 3156684 Tutor: Dr. Ha Huong Tutorial Group: A4 Table of content I. Introduction 1 II. Strategic Analysis 1 A. Macroenvironmental Analysis 1 1. Opportunities 2 2. Threats 2 B. Microenvironmental Analysis 2 C. Strategic Competitive Advantage 3 III. Strategic directions 3 A. Mission and Vision 4 B. Strategic Objectives 4 IV. Business Level Strategy 4 A. Differentiation 5 B. Market Penetration 5 C. Product Development 6 1. Seasonal Products 6 2. New Products 6 D. Other Strategies 7 V. International Strategy 7 VI. Strategic Implementation 7 A. General Perspectives 8 1. Strategy 8 2. System 8 B. Strategic Implementation Issues 8 1. Economic risk 8 2. Environmental risk 9 3. Global risk 9 VII. Strategic Evaluation 9 VIII. Recommendation 9 A. Financial 10 B. Customer 10 C. Internal processes 10 D. Learning and growth 10 VIII. Recommendation 11 IX. Conclusion 11 Reference 12 Appendix 13 I. Introduction Market conditions all over the world have fostered an evolution in modern business practice (Obstfeld...
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...Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 2 Air Asia Current Business Strategies…………………………………………..3 Possible Alternative Strategies Evaluation……………………………………. 7 Air Asia Resources Evaluation………………………………………………. 11 Possible Future Strategies For Air Asia Indonesia…………………………… 12 Air Asia Indonesia vs. Adam Air…………………………………………….. 14 Targets For Achievements of The Strategies………………………………… 16 Appendix……………………………………………………………………... 17 Bibliography………………………………………………………………….. 18 2 Introduction Air Asia Indonesia is an originally Malaysian airline company, which started to operate in Indonesia in year 2006. The report is about Air Asia Indonesia and strategies to make it a major player in the Indonesian airline market. 3 Air Asia Current Business Strategies Air Asia wants to be the lowest short-haul airline in every market it goes in. To achieve the goal, it has some strategies such as lean cost structure, different ways of promotion, keeping safety, satisfying guests, and developing human resources (AirAsia.com, 2007, Internet) . Air Asia always tries to keep the operations simple and efficient to keep the costs low, for example by simple and efficient online ticket booking. According to Fu Sen, an ex employee of Awair – the airline company bought by Air Asia , the tickets that have been booked online can printed by the customers or the customers can just remember the booking code and show their...
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...ISSN 1836-8123 Hedging With Futures Contract: Estimation and Performance Evaluation of Optimal Hedge Ratios in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme John Hua Fan, Eduardo Roca and Alexandr Akimov No. 2010-09 Series Editor: Dr. Alexandr Akimov Copyright © 2010 by author(s). No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form, or stored in a retrieval system, without prior permission of the author(s). Hedging With Futures Contract: Estimation and Performance Evaluation of Optimal Hedge Ratios in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme John Hua Fan, Eduardo Roca and Alexandr Akimov Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia 4111 Abstract Following the introduction of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, CO2 emissions have become a tradable commodity. As a regulated party, emitters are forced to take into account the additional carbon emissions costs in their production costs structure. Given the high volatility of carbon price, the importance of price risk management becomes unquestioned. This study is the first attempt to calculate hedge ratios and to investigate their hedging effectiveness in the EU-ETS carbon market by applying conventional and recently developed models of estimation. These hedge ratios are then compared with those derived for other markets. In spite of the uniqueness and novelty of the carbon market, the results of the study are consistent with those found in other markets...
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...CHAPTER THREE How Financial Statements are Used in Valuation Stephen H. Penman The web page for Chapter Three runs under the following headings: What the Chapter is Doing Historical Multiples Historical Equity and Bond Returns The Selection of Comparable Firms Screening Engines Calculating Multiples Unlevered (or Enterprise) Multiples Beware of Price-to-ebitda Ratios P/E Ratios and Dividends Price-to-sales Multiples During the Internet Bubble Multiple Comparison Methods and Chain Letters Asset-based valuation: Break Up Values Firms Trading as Market Values less than Net Assets No Arbitrage: the Law of One Price How Share Prices are Arbitraged Negative Stub Values Expectational Arbitrage and the Risk of Arbitraging The Cost of Arbitrage: Why There Might Appear to be an Arbitrage Opportunity When There is None. Dealing with Risk in Active Investing Readers’ Corner Appendix to Web Page: Formal Analysis of Abnormal Returns, No-arbitrage, and Market Efficiency What this Chapter is Doing Chapter 3 does three things: First, it looks at three valuation and investment approaches that use financial statement information, but in limited, suspect or impractical ways, and points out the pitfalls in these methods: ...
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...Analysis and Business Evaluation Case Study By Julia S. Kwok* Elizabeth C. Rabe Northeastern State University * Corresponding author: Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business and Technology, Northeastern State University, Broken Arrow, OK 74014; Email: kwok@nsuok.edu; Phone: 918-449-6516. What Went Wrong with Starbucks? Financial Statement Analysis Abstract After decades of grande growth based on the Starbucks experience, Starbucks Coffee Company experienced continuous drop of stock price since the beginning of 2007. Upon first glance of their financial statements, there was 20% increase in revenues and 9% increase in net income last year. Such growth could be counter intuitive to the drop of market value. This case encourages a more in depth examination of how the financing of the expansion impacted financial ratios. Further assessment should evaluate the impact of expansion on the company‘s free cash flows and return of the capital investment. Students would need to evaluate the relative contribution of factors leading to the drop of the stock price. The case provided detailed information that would allow students to investigate the impact of the economic and business conditions, the competition and Starbuck‘s business strategies on their financial performance. The students were advised to consider what changes to Starbuck‘s strategies could increase the economic value added of the expansion and help to reverse their road to failure. This case illustrates...
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...Analysis and Business Evaluation Case Study By Julia S. Kwok* Elizabeth C. Rabe Northeastern State University * Corresponding author: Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business and Technology, Northeastern State University, Broken Arrow, OK 74014; Email: kwok@nsuok.edu; Phone: 918-449-6516. What Went Wrong with Starbucks? Financial Statement Analysis Abstract After decades of grande growth based on the Starbucks experience, Starbucks Coffee Company experienced continuous drop of stock price since the beginning of 2007. Upon first glance of their financial statements, there was 20% increase in revenues and 9% increase in net income last year. Such growth could be counter intuitive to the drop of market value. This case encourages a more in depth examination of how the financing of the expansion impacted financial ratios. Further assessment should evaluate the impact of expansion on the company‘s free cash flows and return of the capital investment. Students would need to evaluate the relative contribution of factors leading to the drop of the stock price. The case provided detailed information that would allow students to investigate the impact of the economic and business conditions, the competition and Starbuck‘s business strategies on their financial performance. The students were advised to consider what changes to Starbuck‘s strategies could increase the economic value added of the expansion and help to reverse their road to failure. This case illustrates...
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...Diluted Net Earnings per Common Share from Continuing Operations Diluted Net Earnings per Common Share Dividends per Common Share $79,029 16,123 13,436 14.3% $ 3.58 4.26 1.64 $81,748 16,637 12,075 14.4% $ 3.56 3.64 1.45 $74,832 15,003 10,340 13.4% $ 2.96 3.04 1.28 $66,724 12,916 8,684 12.7% $ 2.58 2.64 1.15 $55,292 10,026 6,923 12.0% $ 2.43 2.53 1.03 NET SALES (in billions of dollars) DILUTED NET EARNINGS (per common share) 05 06 07 08 09 $55.3 $66.7 $74.8 $81.7 $79.0 05 06 07 08 09 $2.53 $2.64 $3.04 $3.64 $4.26 OPERATING CASH FLOW (in billions of dollars) 05 06 07 08 09 $8.6 $11.4 $13.4 $15.0 $14.9 Note: Previous period results have been amended to exclude the results of the Folgers coffee business from continuing operations. For more information refer to Note 12 on page 71. The Procter & Gamble Company 1 A.G. Lafley Chairman of the Board When I became CEO in 2000, P&G faced some of the most demanding challenges in the Company’s long history. We made the strategic choices necessary to get P&G back on track to sustainable growth. Overcoming the challenges in 2000 made us a better and more focused company, and in the years since, we have designed P&G to grow consistently and reliably....
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...goal is to continue to build a balanced portfolio of enjoyable and wholesome foods and beverages, find innovative ways to reduce the use of energy, water and packaging and provide a great workplace for our associates. Additionally, Pepsico is committed to respecting, supporting and investing in the local communities where it operates by hiring local people, creating products designed for local tastes and partnering with local farmers, governments and community groups. Pepsico make this commitment because it is a responsible . In recognition of its continuing sustainability efforts, it is again included on the Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index and the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index in September 2010. Pepsico’s four business units are comprised of six reportable segments (referred to as divisions), as follows : PepsiCo Americas Foods (PAF); PepsiCo Americas Beverages (PAB); PepsiCo Europe; and PepsiCo Asia, Middle...
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...Kacie R. Logan Row 3 MGT 487 Sec 009 SWA case Status Analysis Southwest Airlines is a true American success story. In 1971, they began as a small company which was only able to service Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio, Texas. They have come from being a small operation consisting of only three airplanes in three cities to being one of the largest airlines in the United States operating 530 aircraft1 across 32 states2. In the past, their success has been directly tied to their commitment to customer service. Southwest Airlines, hereafter SWA, mainly competes with United, American, and Delta airlines; however, AirTran and JetBlue have also caught their attention3. The biggest competitive advantage possessed by SWA lies within their treatment of their customers. Every aspect of the company is geared towards taking care of their passengers’ needs. Through SWA, people have the ability to fly inexpensively to the places they need and want to go. Southwest Airlines has been able to keep their own costs low by flying short-haul routes, fuel hedging, uniformity among the aircraft, and the automation of many jobs. SWOT Analysis The biggest strength of SWA most definitely lies within their dedication to take care of people. The customers and profits are not the only concerns that SWA cares about. They have an extremely tight-knit culture within the company itself. The bulk of the company’s financial success is directly credited to the employees who help make the...
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