...Thinking Critically Simulation Thinking Critically Simulation Several problem evaluation tools and techniques were encountered in the simulation. As each team member completed the simulation, each was able to understand the differences of the tools and techniques that were used, and how they were applied. Discussed here are how these techniques assisted with the evaluations of decision-making processes and outcomes. Further, each team member was able to understand the outcomes that were reached from the simulations, and how the changes of those decision-making techniques offer better results. Many problem evaluation tools and techniques are applied to the Critical Thinking Simulation. The simulation provides a variety of information gathered from both market research and employee interviews. In addition, the founder of Credenhill Industries, Linda James, provides advice and recommendations to assist in the decision-making process. Another problem evaluation tool found within the simulation is the Urgency-Criticality Matrix. An Urgency-Criticality (UC) Matrix is a tool that helps in the decision-making process to sort or sift through current issues and problems. The UC Matrix assists in prioritizing and sorting possible solutions according to the urgency and criticality of each situation. Urgent problems require immediate attention and critical problems are the activities necessary to achieve the objective. The UC Matrix facilitates in classifying...
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...them. 1. Affinity Diagram * An affinity diagram is a brainstorming tool. It functions by drawing connections between a variety of ideas and information. By illustrating theses connections it is possible to understand how they are related. Organizing Ideas Into Common Themes 2. In most projects, brainstorming is a common tool used to gather issues. As a mechanism for allowing a group of individuals to get ideas and issues on the table brainstorming is hard to beat – however all too often such sessions generate large quantities of issues and these can become complex toreview and difficult to interpret – it can also be challenging to highlight particular trends that the gathered issues may portray, finally following thebrainstorming session, themes and thoughts may be forgotten. 3. There are however a variety of methods available to analyze and group the outputs of such team meetings, in order that gathered ideas can be efficiently utilized. Of these methods, Affinity diagrams represents an excellent tool to both group ideas in a logical way and capture themes that have developed during the brainstorming. 4. Created in the 1960’s by Jiro Kawakita, Affinity diagrams allows large numbers of ideas to be sorted into groups for review and analysis. These, simple to produce, diagrams are particularly useful with large group where ideas which are generated at a fast pace require to be organized. 5. The process for producing the Affinity diagram...
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..."Good Luck" 1. (30 pts.) For the project you have selected for this class, do the following: a) Perform an Affinity analysis. Method Labor Equipment Materials Follow instructions Efficient Training Calibration Materials to be used Understand the steps Product recognition The power to be used The structure or properties of the materials Work plan Process recognition Period of time that will be used Process to be worked The wellness of the employee b) Do a Relationship Matrix for the Headers of the Affinity. Method Labor Equipment Materials 1 2 3 4 Output input Method 1 X 3 0 Labor 2 X 1 2 Equipment 3 X 1 0 Materials 4 X 0 2 We have that there are 3 outputs on the method and 2 inputs in labor and material simultaneously; the method has no inputs, and the materials has no outputs, I consider that there are few ways that this can be solve, and by this another method is also solve. c) Develop a Tree Diagram or a Cause-Effect Diagram. d) Develop a Flow Chart of the plan. 2. (20 pts.) In your current job, who are some of your internal customers? Who are some of your external customers? In what way could you apply the Plan/Do/Study/Act cycle to improve the relationship with your customers? Has the "continuous improvement" cycle being applied in your company? If not, in your opinion, which milestones...
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...© 2015 by UXPin Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be uploaded or posted online without the prior written permission of the publisher. For permission requests, write to the publisher, addressed “Attention: Permissions Request,” to hello@uxpin.com. Index 0. Introduction 1. Building the Foundation for Collaborative UX Design Welcome everyone to the design process Build Empathy, Not Ego Master The Art of Critique Foster Collaboration Through Design Thinking Takeaway 5 8 9 13 19 23 26 27 29 35 38 41 44 45 46 48 50 53 60 61 2. Collaborating on Product Design Planning Collaboration Through User Interviews Team Collaboration Through Stakeholder Interviews Analyze Different Sources of Data Together Affinity Diagrams: The KJ Technique Takeaway 3. Collaborative Design Kickoffs Practical Philosophy for Kickoff Meetings The VIP Guest List Kickoff Meeting Process Design Studios Kickoff Meeting Templates Takeaway Introduction A quick note from the authors In modern product design, collaboration can sound like a four-letter word. Does it mean more time required for meetings, and less for the actual design? Or does it require that less qualified people are given disproportionate influence over design decisions? Design collaboration is actually much more than asking more people for their opinions. Collaboration in the enterprise requires effort – designers must get over their own egos, objections from stakeholders, and the organizational rigidity...
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...tools that are used among the organizations that are classified as follows: 1. Cause Analysis Tools: includes Fishbone, Pareto, and Scattered Diagram. 2. Evaluation and Decision Making Tool: Decision Matrix, Multivoting. 3. Process Analysis Tool: includes Flow chart, Failure Mode Effects Analysis, Mistake-proofing and Spaghetti Diagram. 4. Data Collection and Analysis Tools: box and whisker plot, check sheet, control chart, Design of experiments, Histogram, Scatter Diagram, Stratification, and Survey. 5. Idea Creation Tools: Affinity Diagram, Benchmarking, Brainstorming, Nominal Group Technique. 6. Project Planning and Implementation Tool: Gantt Chart, Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle or Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycle. 7. Seven New Management and Planning Tools: Affinity Diagram, Relations Diagram, Tree Diagram, Matrix Diagram, Matrix Data Analysis, Arrow Diagram, Process Decision Program Chart. Quality tools & techniques use statistical knowledge to accumulate data and analyze them. It serves diverse range of medical, computing, industrial, telecommunications and defense. These tools drive improvement throughout the organization. Employee has to at all levels has to master the fundamental Quality skills and advanced Quality tools. This is critical to improve the organization process. These tools helps to improve company’s business management, organization’s performance and increase the global recognition of the company so it would be able to compete on both domestic and...
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...1. How is quality defined? What is the goal of total quality management (TQM)? Why is TQM important? In general, quality may be defined as meeting or exceeding the requirements, needs, and expectations of the customer—whether or not those needs have been articulated. Garvin (1988) identified eight dimensions of quality: 1. Performance: measurable primary characteristics of a product or service 2. Features: added characteristics that enhance the appeal of a product or service 3. Conformance: meeting specifications or industry standards 4. Reliability: consistency of performance over time 5. Durability: useful life of a product or service 6. Serviceability: resolution of problems and complaints 7. Aesthetics: the sensory characteristics of a product or service 8. Perceived: quality: subjective assessment of quality based on cues related to the product Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988), identified five dimensions to service quality: 1. Reliability: ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately 2. Responsiveness: willingness to help customers and provide prompt service 3. Assurance: employees’ knowledge, courtesy, and their ability to inspire trust and confidence 4. Empathy: caring, individualized attention given to customers 5. Tangibles: appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel, and written material TQM is a philosophy that involves everyone in an organization in a continual...
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...architecture is a set of rules that say how software and hardware interact to create a network or platform. In other words computer architecture is the design of the network base on the needs of the user, the system if it is there or needs to be built, and the technology that needs to go into the project. System design is all how all the hardware is set up while the instruction set architecture is the program language. Table of Contents Introduction What OS file system should we use? What types of processors? Cluster Architecture? Data Backup LAN or WAN Web-based diagram Introduction to Coast to Coast computing We can get in a plane and be across the country in a few hours but what if we need to work together faster than a few hours? Is it possible? How hard is it to have users in California work with users in Washington, New York, and Florida? What has to be done to make this happen? How secure will it be to have such a network? This and many other questions come up when a company starts thinking of expansion beyond the building or city they headquartered at. When looking at a network a business wants to be sure it is using the most cost effective form for the network. The base of a network is the architecture. For small businesses a peer to peer architecture would be best. There are three types of peer-to-peer architecture: collaborative computing, instant messaging, and affinity communities. In collaborative computing the unused CPU processing power along...
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...OPMA Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Variability Sample Range (R) = largest X – smallest X Central Limit Theorem 1std. 68.3| 2std. 95.4| 3std. 99.7 Type 1:conclude change, when no change Type 2: conclude no change, when change Attributes Vs. Variables Attributes – data which count (ex. # of complaints) Variables – data which measure (ex. cm, kg, ml, etc.) X Chart Control Limits [pic] Range [pic] Establishing Control Limits or Re-calculating the control limits Process Capability Index Just Capable Industry Standard (min) Excellent Process Capability Where Z (min) is the smaller of: Or: When Cpk=Cp, the process is centered. P Charts (Attributes) Maximum p: UCL*n Minimum p: LCL*n C Charts U Charts Maximum u: UCL*n Minimum u: LCL*n Chapter 1 Quality Perspectives Garvin’s Product Quality Dimensions 1. Conformance 2. Reliability 3. Features 4. Performance 5. Durability 6. Serviceability 7. Aesthetics 8. Perceived Quality PZ&B’s Service Quality Dimensions Tangibles(Physical appearance of facility Service Reliability(Dependable and accurate Responsiveness(Helpful and prompt Assurance(Knowledge and courtesy Empathy(Caring attention Viewpoint depends on function Core Processes • Value Stream Mapping| FlowChart • Six Sigma| value added • DMAIC – Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control Downstream • Shipping and Logistics “Right product, right place...
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...Effective Decision Making Abstract Managers judge the effectiveness of decision in terms of quality, timeliness, acceptance, and ethical appropriateness. The decision-making process is improved though creative problem solving and brainstorming. They way managers frame problems significantly affect the outcome. The effectiveness of a decision depends on cognitive biases and organizational barriers. Effective leader communicate well and motivate others. Managers match a leadership style with a preferred style for the situation. They develop a range of leadership styles and adapt to different situations. Quality, timeliness, acceptance, and appropriateness are components of decision-making. Transformational leaders have vision that guides and motivates them to higher goals. They motivate other to a higher level. Super leaders go a step further by helping others realize and maximize their abilities. Charismatic leaders motivate followers to make significant changes. Decision-Making Skills The effectiveness of a decision depends on factors such as the characteristics of the decision maker, various cognitive biases, and organizational barriers. In decision-making, managers vary in the amount or information, skills, or experience they have. They use different styles in making decision. Some focus on the details of a situation and compile them into a sensible decision. Others rely on their intuitive sense about a situation or focus on the “big picture.” Due to the complexity and...
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...decision making 14 7. Continual improvement 14 8. Communication 14 The Concept of Continuous Improvement by Total Quality Management 14 Benefits of Total Quality Management in an Organization 16 Conclusion 17 References: 18 Introduction Total Quality Management (TQM) is a philosophy with the enthusiasm of accomplishing the overall performance of the organization. This globally recognized strategic technique has several benefits that make TQM trustworthy and applicable toward the business people. These benefits may include improving consumer satisfaction, focusing on employee motivation, reducing waste and improving overall performance of the organization. TQM is a problem solving technique that particularly focuses on continuous improvement of the quality of product, process and service. In this approach the management and employee can work together for the overall improvement by using quality and management tool aimed at increasing business and reducing losses in the long run. What does TQM cover? The major tasks for which TQM is known worldwide are- • Commitment of employees and management • fulfilling consumer preferences • Reduction of development time • Just In Time production and manufacturing • Reduction...
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...statement (14 questions). Please enter your response in the green box below the answers "1. This type of study is very popular among businesses, and answers the questions, “who, what, when, and where”." a. Reporting b. Explanatory c. Predictive d. Descriptive Answer 2. The key reason for conducting research in business is: a. To support the decision-making process. b. To discover the root cause of an event. c. To cope with information overload. d. To look for new business opportunities. Answer 3. If a company is trying to anticipate customer reaction to a new marketing campaign, what should it do? a. Conduct a reporting study on other companies in the area and how they market their products. b. Use computer software tools to create an affinity relationship diagram for your potential customers "c. Conduct a predictive study based on the proposed relationship between the elements of the campaign and customer actions" d. Use “data-mining” of company data to uncover previously-unknown relationships Answer 4. A predictive study: a. Explains the reasoning behind a given action or effect b. Answers the questions...
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...Quality Management includes the process in which determines the quality policies, objectives, and responsibilities performed so that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken. Implementation of the policies and procedures within the project’s context will ensure that the project and product requirements are met and validated (PMI, pg 227). It is also the ability to plan and control quality and performs quality assurance. If you include these processes in your Project Quality Management process, your will improve the quality of your current and future projects. The first process of Project Quality Management understands the scope and deliverables of the project. In order to give high quality to your customer or stakeholders, you must know their expectation of the service or product. The basic approach of quality management is compatible with ISO International Organization for Standardization quality standards. Every project should deliver quality to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements with a grade as a design intent assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics. The project team will need to apply appropriate levels of accuracy and precision for use in the quality management plan. Applying ISO compatibility to quality management, you will need to take the approaches below: • Customer satisfaction –Customers expectations are met (PMI, pg 229). • Prevention over inspection...
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...Lean manufacturing training and six sigma training are two of the most valuable skills in business today. Businesses of all types are utilizing six sigma, lean manufacturing, and lean six sigma as the primary continuous improvement methodology.Our Lean Manufacturing Certification course, delivered worldwide to individuals, colleges, and training centers, includes all of the major concepts in a single course. Definition: What does it mean to be "Six Sigma"? Six Sigma at many organizations simply means a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. But the statistical implications of a Six Sigma program go well beyond the qualitative eradication of customer-perceptible defects. It's a methodology that is well rooted in mathematics and statistics. The objective of Six Sigma Quality is to reduce process output variation so that on a long term basis, which is the customer's aggregate experience with our process over time, this will result in no more than 3.4 defect Parts per Million opportunities (DPMO). What Is Six Sigma ? Six Sigma is a meticulous methodology that make use of information management by facts and statistical analysis to define, measure and improve a company's operational performance, practices and systems. It identifies and prevents "defects" in manufacturing and service-related processes to anticipate, and achieve or exceed total customer satisfaction. What is the Six Sigma Objective? The primary objective of the Six Sigma methodology is the implementation...
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...late 1980’s it became a part of quality related language and even later still until it was put to use in the world of software and I.T. (information technology). This paper will examine the following total quality management topics: 1. What is the background and history of total quality management? 2. What value does TQM add to software quality? 3. What, if any, value does TQM add to software development? 4. Does TQM add value to a software organization, on an organization level? These four primary questions will be examined to provide an overview of research concerning total quality management and the software world. While there are several separate overviews of TQM and software, this paper will bring these together to create an...
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