...A style of negotiation is influenced by personality and ability of the negotiator as well as the cultural, political, and emotional situations. Non-verbal behavior play very important role in a negotiation process. Some of the characteristics typical to American style of negotiation can be misinterpreted by others due to cultural differences. Some of the characteristics of American style of negotiation are: impatience, arrogance, poor listening, insular, legalistic, naïve, fair, friendly, flexible, risk takers, pragmatic, and cooperative. (McDonald, 2001) Some of these characteristics can be misinterpreted in other cultures. Americans get down to business quickly. They are impatient, and give little attention to relationship building. American negotiators are time conscious, and try to close the deal quickly. (Dresky, 2006) But, in other cultures, especially in Asian countries, negotiators take time in getting down to business. Impatience of American negotiators cause misunderstanding during negotiation. Negotiators of other cultures interpret it as a lack of concern for relationship building and rigorous process. American style of negotiation is misinterpreted as an unemotional style of negotiation which lacks commitment. (Dresky, 2006) In many cultures negotiators are looking for emotional bonding. A rational style of negotiation is perceived as lack of commitment. American negotiators are time conscious. But, this style of negotiation may be misinterpreted as an attempt...
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...DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS (Advanced) - LEVEL 7 ------------------------------------------------- Communication in Business – CB501 Group 6 Assignment Negotiation Process Plan for Buying Zenur Executive Summary Zenur and Levon Company are two successful companies in car rental business for the past several years. Both the companies entered into a complex negotiation in terms of expansion through merger by way of having a common goal with shared vision and mission in business. Our group is writing this report on behalf of the Board of Directors of Levon as senior negotiators. Negotiation is finding a solution, meeting of the minds by the participants and closing a deal. It is one of the most important factors that may make or break the success of a business agreement. We, therefore, conclude that the company should utilize transactional model as our main communication model because this can handle a complicated communication process like negotiation. Our negotiation style will first focus on Integrative strategy to gain a win-win situation between Levon, and Zenur. If this style will not work, mix-motive negotiation style will be our back up plan. To be at par with Zenur's vision and mission of expanding the business, the negotiation skills will be based on Levon's long term plans focusing on interests. The four stages of negotiation will be based on a solid foundation of understanding about Zenur. Regardless which stage we are at, we should be in the know of Zenur's business...
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...The Chinese view of negotiations The Chinese word for negotiation—tan pan—combines the characters meaning “to discuss” and “to judge.” From a Chinese perspective, negotiation exists primarily as a mechanism for building trust so that two parties can work together for the benefit of both. Trust is built through dialogue that lets each party judge or evaluate the partner and the partner’s capabilities and assess each other’s relative status. The negotiation process also enables parties to reach an understanding on a specific issue, condition, or transaction, in a way that lets each side feel that “a good deal” was brokered. But the concept of negotiation hinges on creating a framework for long-term cooperation and problem-solving much more than on drafting a one-time agreement. As such, negotiation in China is viewed as an ongoing, dynamic process that takes into account practical matters and context. Many Chinese prefer this approach over creating contract-based absolutes, which many Chinese perceive as the primary purpose of Western-style negotiations. Significant differences in negotiation style and culture can be accompanied by mutually unfavorable perceptions. Americans may see Chinese negotiators as inefficient, vague, and perhaps even dishonest, while Chinese perceive American negotiators as impersonal, impulsive, and overly focused on immediate gains. When adapting to Chinese-style negotiations, task-based, time-conscious foreign partners must balance the need for...
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...RMIT International University Vietnam Bachelor of Commerce Program ASSIGNMENT COVER PAGE Your assessment will not be accepted unless all fields below are completed |Subject Code: |BUSM3311 | |Subject Name: |INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT | |Location where you study: |RMIT Vietnam – City Campus | |Title of Assignment: |Literature Review | |File(s) Submitted |BUSM3311_G2_s3245939_LiteratureReview_Negotiation.docx | |Student name: |Nguyen Van Thanh | |Student Number: |S3245939 | |Student Email Address: |s3245939@rmit.edu.vn | |Learning Facilitator in charge: |PETER TRAN | |Assignment due date: |16/5/2011 ...
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...very very imp Negotiation Styles Understanding the Five Negotiation Styles People often ask "which is the best negotiation style?" As with much management theory there is no single 'best' or 'right' approach. All five profiles of dealing with conflict are useful in different situations. Although we're capable of using all five, most of us tend to have one or two preferred negotiation conflict styles that we use unconsciously in most conflict situations. Why? Either because our preferred styles have worked for us in the past, or because of our temperament (nature) or because of our upbringing (nurture). So if you're involved in business negotiations, which negotiation styles are likely to reward you with the biggest profit prizes? This question will be answered later in this article. First lets visit each of these important conflict profile styles. Compete (I win - You lose) Competitive style negotiators pursue their own needs - yes, even when this means others suffer. They usually don't want to cause others to suffer and lose, they are just so narrowly focused on their shorter term gains that they plunder obliviously through negotiations like a pirate. They often use whatever power and tactics they can muster, including their personality, position, economic threats, brand strength or size or market share. At its extreme negotiators call their behaviour aggressive or psychotic. When to use? When you need to act or get results quickly. Competition is critical...
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...Negotiation Skills By: Kunal Samani President-Business Development Rolex Lanolin Products Ltd Why Negotiation? • Negotiation is needed to resolve intra-person or inter-person conflicts / disagreements / clash of interests. • Negotiation is something that we do all the time and is not only used for business purposes. The aim of negotiation is to explore the situation, and to find a solution that is acceptable to both the sides. • Only man negotiates; animals do not; when faced with larger predator, they do not ask for negotiation or justice rather just run away. • Negotiation is one of the most difficult jobs a person can do. It requires not only good business judgment but also a keen understanding of human nature Negotiation Interperson Negotiatio n Unplanned Negotiatio n Integrative Negotiatio n Hard Negotiatio n Soft Negotiatio n Planned Negotiatio n Distributiv e Negotiatio n Principled Negotiatio n Intra-person Negotiation Hard Negotiation • Hard negotiation involves the negotiation of positions, rather than interests. • It is highly competitive, seeing victory as the number one goal. • Hard bargainers, see the participants as adversaries. They distrust the other side and play sneaky games to try to gain the negotiating advantage. • Hard bargainers refuse to make concessions and demand onesided gains as the price of an agreement. • When confronted with a softer opponent, hard bargainers almost always will win. When confronted with another hard bargainer, however, it...
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...Negotiation: the Chinese style Tony Fang School of Business, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract Purpose – To examine the nature of Chinese business negotiating style in Sino-Western business negotiations in business-to-business markets involving large industrial projects from a social cultural point of view. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual approach developed from personal interviews. Findings – This study reveals that the Chinese negotiator does not possess an absolute negotiating style but rather embraces a mixture of different roles together: “Maoist bureaucrat in learning”, “Confucian gentleman”, and “Sun Tzu-like strategist”. The Chinese negotiating strategy is essentially a combination of cooperation and competition (termed as the “coop-comp” negotiation strategy in this study). Trust is the ultimate indicator of Chinese negotiating propensities and role choices. Research limitations/implications – The focus of this study is on Chinese negotiating style shown in large B2B negotiations with Chinese SOEs. Originality/value – Differing from most other studies on Chinese negotiating style which tend to depict the Chinese negotiator as either sincere or deceptive, this study points out that there exists an intrinsic paradox in Chinese negotiating style which reflects the Yin Yang thinking. The Chinese negotiator has a cultural capacity to negotiate both sincerely and deceptively and he/she changes coping strategies according to situation and context...
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...HOW TO DEAL WITH CROSS CULTURAL PROBLEMS IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS NEGOTIATION. EMEM UDOBONG* ABSTRACT: Businesses all over the world today are extending their frontiers beyond domestic markets. In this global business environment, cross cultural negotiation becomes a common field of research. This is primarily due to the fact that the negotiating parties are often from different countries, with different cultural values and beliefs which they usually bring with them to the negotiating table. What is communicated, how it is communicated, how people think and behave during negotiations can differ across cultures. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of culture on negotiation and suggest ways to deal with cross cultural problems in international business negotiations. An analytical approach is applied in this research. The conclusion reached is that effective international negotiators need to know not only the fundamentals of negotiation, but also how culture can influence the negotiator’s behavior and the negotiation agreement. Understanding, accepting and respecting the cultural values of the other parties is very important as it will lead to a more successful outcome. * The Author is a legal practitioner and holds an LL.B (Hons) from the Igbinedion University, Okada. She is currently a postgraduate student of CEPMLP University of Dundee, Scotland, where she is pursuing an LL.M Degree in Energy Law and Policy. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABBREVIATIONS...
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...Introduction If Negotiation means a process by which two parties communicate with each other in order to reach an outcome on which they mutually agree, then I must say that this process is so important and should not be neglected in any industry. Even in a simple scenario or group (like family, relatives, business, associations, etc), all need to seek and address negotiations between each other. All of us has customers, may it be internal or external. The relationship between each and everyone is a kind of relation that can be mutually beneficial; the aim is for both parties to benefit from this relationship. Company Background My company, ME GONZALES Consultancy & Bookkeeping Services is just a pioneering company. Its business permits and...
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...form, negotiation is a method of conflict resolution. It is a problem-solving process in which two or more parties attempt to resolve their disagreement or conflict in a manner, and through a process, that is mutually agreeable. Whereas the general concept of negotiation is easy enough to understand, in practice it can be an extremely difficult proposition. Opposing views about what is right and wrong, disagreement on what is fair and equitable, understanding each other’s message and form of communication, and even the procedures that will be used to conduct negotiations are but a few of the hurdles that negotiators will encounter. Negotiation is further complicated when the parties find themselves negotiating across dissimilar cultures. Culture is a powerful factor in shaping how people think, communicate and behave. It therefore affects how they negotiate. In business arena, negotiations are crucial aspects of inter-organizational relationships like joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, licensing and distribution agreements, and sales of products and services. As the proportion of foreign to domestic trade increases, so does the frequency of business negotiations between people from different countries and cultures. To successfully manage these negotiations, businesspeople need to know how to influence and communicate with members of cultures other than their own. This paper investigates the impact of culture on negotiations. It begins by defining negotiation, cross...
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...Abstract This paper outlines and describes managerial guidelines for successful negotiations. It examines the steps a manager may take to ensure successful negotiations. Discuss the forces, including technology changes, which have fostered the development of global consumerism. Cite your sources. Keywords: Negotiation, International Marketing Managerial Guidelines for Successful Cross-Cultural Negotiations In international business, understanding the culture is the most important factor that determines success in that foreign market. This will be the foundation for the negotiations and should be addressed prior to any meetings. A company needs to combine the best aspects of each organization to the respective cultures in the foreign market. The negotiations will be successful if the negotiating parties establish an open relationship and gain mutual trust. Several factors to consider prior to negotiating in international business are minimizing distrust and stereotyping, overcome communication issues, and relationship development. (Ready) Minimizing distrust and stereotyping is a common issue that can deeply affect any negotiations. This can be rooted from the idea of assuming the values and mannerisms of the culture in the foreign market. For example, when McDonald’s decided to enter the market in India, they did not assume their beef burgers were going to be accepted in this mainly vegetarian environment. They did their research and...
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...Title: Negotiating with the Chinese: A Socio-Cultural Analysis Author(s): Tony Fang and Pervez Ghauri Source: Journal of World Business. 36.3 (Fall 2001): p303. Document Type: Article Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2001 JAI Press, Inc. Full Text: China has been one of the most favorite markets for Western firms for the last decade. However, doing business with China is considered difficult, mainly because negotiating with Chinese counterparts is quite complex. This paper analyses the negotiation process with China from a socio-cultural perspective. A Swedish multinational, Ericsson, is followed for several years and its negotiation process for different Chinese projects in the telecommunication industry is studied in depth. Based on these cases and literature a model is developed and some conclusions are drawn. Finally, managerial implications presented as four Ps: Priority, Patience, Price and People sum up the essence of Chinese business negotiation process. The People's Republic of China (PRC) started to open up its economy to the rest of the world in December 1978. Since then, Western business communities have been enthusiastic about China--the world's largest emerging market with more than one billion consumers. The Western enthusiasm for China decreased somewhat during a period following the Tiananmen Square incident in June 1989. But it rebounded and increased even more vigorously in the 1990s. China's rank in world trade rose from 32nd in 1978 to 9th today. By the...
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...occur in a workplace, make communication important. I will explain some things about effective business communication require effective practice. There are five factors relate to effective business communication closely. They are communication theory, business writing styles, team building and interpersonal communication, negotiation and persuasion techniques, and intercultural communication. Generally, communication theories can teach people many skills to accomplish a successful business communication. Also, the ability to generate clear, vigorous and concise written materials are critical for people to be successful in business world. So writing process and writing styles play important roles in effective business communication. The best way for business organization to survive and grow in surroundings of intense competition and pressure on resources is building team for sharing information. Because organizations are consisted of interdependent relationships, interpersonal communication has useful functions to manage organizations. Negotiating and persuasion skills are extremely important in business as they can be applied in a wide range of personal and workplace situations to help a person and other parties agree on the best outcomes. With the economic and trade increasingly globalized, a good understanding of intercultural communication can contribute to support effective business. Communication Theory Communication theory is a basis for...
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...Culture Impact on German Negotiation Style Chen Shuqi SEIB Abstract As the increasing frequency of international trades， international negotiation skills draw a lot of attention. Regarded as a major barrier for cross-cultural communication, understanding culture difference is of signification . This essay will firstly introduce the study history and relevant definitions of international negotiation and how culture factors impact on negotiation style. Considering the gradual closed trade relationship between Germany and China and the commonly acknowledged differences of national cultures between them, this essay would firstly analyzes images of Germans for the general Chinese in a book, Die Langnasen . Further, it clarifies German negotiation style basing on analysis from Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. We find out that some of German business behaviors from the theory don’t fit with our general impression as the book concludes. After discussion about the deficiency of the theory or possible stereotype of the book, we try to present a modification of the prevalent impression about German negotiation style, and give some suggestion about how to carry out a better international business negotiation with Germans. It may be possible to provide us a better understanding in successful negotiation process with Germans. Key words: International negotiation, German culture, German negotiation style 德国文化对其谈判风格的影响 陈舒祺 国际商务英语学院 2011级国际商务管理 摘 要: 随着跨国贸易的频率迅速增长，国际商务谈判技巧尤为重要。...
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...Introduction Negotiation is a method of conflict resolution. It is a problem-solving process in which two or more parties attempt to resolve their disagreement or conflict in a manner, and through a process, that is mutually agreeable. Where as the general concept of negotiation is easy enough to understand, in practice it can be an extremely difficult proposition. Negotiation is further complicated when the parties find themselves negotiating across dissimilar cultures. “Culture is a powerful factor in shaping how people think, communicate and behave. It therefore affects how they negotiate” .Our presentation investigates the impact of culture on negotiations. It begins by defining culture, to include a discussion on how culture is imbedded in an individual through their mental models and values. It then breaks out the four dimensions of culture identified by Geert Hofstede. A general overview of negotiations follows the culture. It includes a definition of negotiations and discusses the range or continuum of negotiation styles. The section on negotiations closes with an overview of negotiation skills to include the actors and their frames of reference. The final idea provides a description of how culture impacts negotiations. First, it overlaps four elements of negotiations; actors, structure, strategy, and process with Hofstede’s dimensions of negotiation. Then, a summarization of cultural affects on specific negotiation styles is provided. Defining Culture Working...
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