...ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES IN MANAGEMENT PROJECT Table of Contents Abstract 3 1. Chapter One 4 1.1. Background of the Study 4 1.2. Introduction 5 1.3. Research Question 7 1.4. Aims and Objectives 8 2. Literature Review 8 2.1. Introduction 8 2.2. The concept of sustainable competitive advantage 9 2.3. The concept of knowledge 12 2.4. Knowledge Acquisition, Sharing and Competitive Advantage 14 3. Chapter Three 17 3.1. Research Methodology 17 3.1.1.Introduction 17 3.1.2.Research Design 17 3.1.3.Sample Population 18 3.1.4.Sampling Procedure 19 3.1.5.Data Collection Methods 19 4. Chapter Four 20 4.1. Data Findings, Processing and Analysis 20 4.2. Findings 20 5. Chapter Five 25 5.1. Conclusion 25 6. References 28 Appendix ……...…………………………………………………………………….31 Abstract Small and Medium Size Enterprises’ (SMEs) learning capacity plays a crucial role in generating ingredients necessary for attaining differential performances. Thus, knowledge acquisition and sharing are prerequisites for attaining competitive edge; it is argued above that essentially, organizations operating within a competitive business environment undertake greater knowledge acquisition and sharing through a wider set of learning orientations. There are two paths by which firms can use knowledge to create and sustain its competitive advantage. Firstly, firms can act internally...
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...A PROJECT REPORT “ User buying behavior towards Perfume ” Submitted for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award PGDM ACADEMIC SESSION (2009 – 2011) SUBMITTED TO:Prof. Shweta JainSUBMITTED BY:Prabhakar Rahul Enroll (2009PGDM031)Puneet Arora Enroll (2009PGDM033)Amit Bharti Enroll (2009PGDM004)PGDM (MARKETING AND HR) Table of contents 1. Introduction2. Hypothesis3. Research methodology4. Data analysis and interpretation5. Conclusion6. Suggestion and recommendations.7. Bibliography8. Annexure CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION In this research we have survey the product performance and buyingbehavior of the fragrance of perfumes, which are used by people of allages. During this research we have interacted with people of all ageswho use perfume. After this research we came to know how peopleperceives these products on the variables like price, fragrance,advertisement, satisfaction, packaging, brand loyalty etc. We also cameto know which particular brand of perfume is most preferred by peopleof different age groups. In this research we have surveyed that howfrequently and how much perfume they use, whether they buy small, bigor family pack. Trend of ongoing changes in their likings has beenshown in the report. In this report we have tried to explain the entireresearch and facts product wise. Objective of the study This project is based on user behavior towards Perfumes. Objectives of the study are: 1.The other objective...
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...BACKGROUND 3 INTRODUCTION 3 MARKETING MIX 4 Product 5 Price 8 Promotion 8 Place 10 MARKET SEGMENTATION 11 Geographic segmentation: 12 Demographic segmentation: 12 Psychographic segmentation: 13 Behavioral segmentation: 13 FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR 13 Cultural factor: 14 Social factor: 14 Personal factor: 15 Psychological factor: 15 COMMUNICATION MIX 15 Advertising: 15 Personal selling: 16 Sales Promotion: 16 Public relation: 16 Direct marketing: 16 CONCLUSION 17 REFERENCES 18 DECLARATION 19 BACKGROUND Estée Lauder is one of the leaders in the cosmetic business. It was established by a businesswoman call Estée Lauder who was born on the 1st of June 1906 and died on the 24th of April 2004 along with Joseph Lauder (Her husband). In 1967, she was one of the 10 marvelous women in business and financial editors in United States. And in the 20th century, she was the only woman who appeared in the TIME magazine on the list of the 20 most powerful business geniuses. Estée became interested in the cosmetic business since she assisted her uncle, Dr. John Schotz (a chemist) with his New Way Laboratories making creams, lotions, perfume and rouge. In 1935, the cosmetic company Estée Lauder was started. Estée herself was once operated a personal selling approach that verify as potent as the promise of her skin regimens and fragrances at Saks Fifth Avenue in 1948. Her first fragrance was...
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...I. Market analysis 1. Product overview Beauté Parfaite is a product line of Vietnam, built to develop and exploit the market for male cosmetics. This is a unique product line serving male clients. With the company’s experience, Beauté Parfaite is high quality product line, in accordance with Vietnam’s consumer style. The product includes body lotion, facial cleanser, perfume and wax. With an average price level, Beauté Parfaite aims at customers who are students. Some features of the product: - Form: The product is designed with two main colors: blue and white, in order to make a strong impression to the customer on the first sight. - Location: The showroom of Beauté Parfaite is located at Chua Boc Street because it is near many universities and the central of Hanoi. - We commit to use 100% natural resources and no chemicals in manufacturing. - The product is suitable for much type of skin. - Our high-qualified staff can give reasonable advice to customers. - We also have program that is to collect cans for recycling. 2. Market analysis 2.1. Cosmetics industry environment in Vietnam The cosmetics market for men in Vietnam has recorded good growth in current value terms in 2012, as the usage and penetration of such products has increased. The Vietnamese people are exposed to international beauty trends through media and travelling, which has increased their knowledge on the use of cosmetics and towards the end of the review period. New launches illustrate the efforts...
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...Question 01: How do consumers culture, social, personal and psychological characteristics affect their cosmetics shopping behavior? Answer: The behavior that the cosmetic consumers display in searching, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing a product that they expect will satisfy their needs is very important to create a market. It mainly focuses on how individuals make decisions to spend their time, money and effort on that cosmetic. That includes what they buy, why they buy it, when they buy it, where they buy it, how often they buy it, how often they use it, how they evaluate it after the purchase and the impact of such evaluations on future purchases, and how they dispose it. 1. Cultural Factors: Culture has a profound influence on all aspects of human behavior. Culture is a pervasive influence which underlies all facets of social behavior and interaction. It is embodied in the objects used in everyday life and in modes of communication in society. Different cultures react differently to a new product, as the meanings, values, ideas and beliefs of a social group are articulated through various cultural artifacts. One’s own personal culture guides the selection of cosmetics. The language and the symbols used on the package influences the selection of cosmetics and the ritual which we perform has an effect on the use of cosmetics too. While selecting cosmetics, culture influences their selection. For example, complexion of Asians is darker than Europeans...
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...Smells like Advertisement Advertisements are a hooking device for many people. They manipulated their intending audience into purchasing products that most people do not need but are convinced otherwise. In this case, both advertisements are similar in product but differ in the audience that is being targeted and in the method they approach or lure the intended audience. Many woman and men buy all types of perfumes in order to attract a suitor. Since the sense of smell is the strongest of all our senses, it triggers our memories and makes people unforgettable and associated with a particular smell. Men’s colognes attempt to replicate a musky smell, while women are usually sweet smelling like a fruit or flower. These colognes and perfumes come in wide varieties of smells and brands and thus are very competitive in the advertisement field to capture the attention of their potential customers. The first one is the “Promesse” advertisement about a French perfume. The advertisement is composed of a young couple in a warm embrace. However, they seem to be separated by a small barrier as they lean forward their lower bodies are as far away from each other as possible. It seems that the simple and almost unnoticeable barrier diminishes the potential sexual scene and reduces it to an innocent encounter between a man and a woman. The man is dressed is a black suit, juxtaposing the white dress of his counterpart. His profile and joyful expression on his face mirrors the one of...
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...Consumer behavior is the study of how people make decisions about what they buy, want, need or act in regards to a product, service, or company. There are 3 main factors that are used in studying consumer behavior. The factors are: Personal, Psychological and Social. In using the personal factor, consumers base their decisions on personal beliefs. Age, gender, background, culture and other personal beliefs. Psychological factors can include perception of a need or situation, the person's ability to learn or understand information, and an individual's attitude. Social influencers are quite diverse and can include a person's family, social interaction, work or school communities, or any group of people a person affiliates with. It can also include a person's social class, which involves income, living conditions, and education level. The consumer buying process is the series of steps that a consumer will take to make a purchasing decision. A standard model of consumer purchase decision-making includes recognition of needs and wants, information search, evaluation of choices, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. There is a relationship between the influences on consumer behavior and the consumer buying process. By improving their knowledge of the Consumer Buying Decision Process, brands can improve their marketing strategy to effectively respond and be present with their customers at each stage of their buying behavior. And thus raise and create a need, strengthen their...
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...วารสารการประชาสัมพันธ์และการโฆษณา ปีที่ 7 ฉบับที่ 2 2557...59 การสื่อสารบุคลิกภาพตราสินค้าผ่านบรรจุภัณฑ์น้ำหอม มิรา โกมลลวณิช* ธาตรี ใต้ฟ้าพูล* Abstract he purpose of this study is to determine 1) the effectiveness of perfume packaging in representing its brand personality; and 2) its effectiveness in conveying the desired traits. The study was conducted through a quantitative approach in which Gucci Envy Me and Christian Dior J’adore were examined as the subject perfume brand to a sample group of 400 women at the age of 18 years and older in representation of the brands’ target consumers. In conducting the study, the sample group was given a survey to examine pictures of package in isolation and in their presentation through prints advertisements. Through comparative investigation, the findings suggest that Gucci Envy Me’s packaging failed to effectively convey the intended brand personality without its manifestation in print advertisement; whereas Christian Dior J’adore succeeded in conveying the intended brand personality through packaging in both isolation and through print advertisement. In specific case, Gucci Envy Me’s packaging alone conveys – in misrepresentation – its brand personality to be good looking and charming, While its representation in the prints advertisement conveys the intended trait of youth. On the other hand, Christian Dior J’adore’s packaging both in isolation and in print advertisement achieved their intended purpose in...
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... 4 Self Concept Theory 4 The ‘A B C’ Attitude model 6 Conclusion 8 References List 9 Introduction "Luxury is a necessity where necessity ends." Coco Chanel The main purpose of this research is to find out what creates a spark in the youth of today when it comes to buying luxury products. For some it may be status and recognition for the others it may be comfort and quality, it may vary from people to people due to their personality. Today’s youth is more materialistic than in previous generations. Instead of valuing themselves for who they are, they rather value themselves for what they own.(Rotherham,2008) .At whatever point you switch on the TV, or flip through the pages of magazines, you get attracted to the celebrity news and the advertisements that touch your inner feelings to feel gorgeous ,significant and acknowledged....
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...Holiday decision-making: an adaptable and opportunistic ongoing process Name: Institution: Course: Tutor: Date: Identify and discuss how holiday decision-making as described in the case, is different from the traditional problem-solving models of consumer decision-making Holiday decision-making process is different from the traditional problem-solving models of consumer decision making. This is because holiday decision-making model does not require fixed sequential stages that are required by traditional problem-solving models. Administrative factors play an imperative role when deciding time and choice of holiday decision-making process (Schermerhorn & Osborn, 2011). The typical factors that mostly influence the holiday decision-making process are levels of involvement, situational factors, anticipation, nostalgia and daydreaming. On the other hand, this is very different from traditional decision-making process that is well sequentialized and structured. In this model, the need for a specific service or product is identified and information search and other alternatives are evaluated. The consumer is further led towards purchasing a product and there after placing a purchase evaluation (Moore & Simmons, 2010). In the traditional consumer decision-making, the method of searching for information is well structured and it is either external, internal or both of them. Information collection process in the holiday decision making is an ongoing and...
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...Executive Summary Chanel No.5 is one of the most popular perfume products on the market. The Chanel N5 has a constant mission to accomplish in satisfying it customers as well as the laws. It is crucial to keep a reasonable price and maintain high quality of the perfume product. Correspondingly, whenever the cost of the product decreases, it means the quality of the product lessens, and luxury product becomes ordinary. "The word perfume derives from the Latin perfumare, meaning to smoke through. Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents used to give the human body a pleasant scent “(Wikipedia). Chanel N5 is one of the most popular out of the company perfumes. It dominates the market since early 1920 the reason for marketing that products changed dramatically over the years. Chanel No 5 is one of the most popular scents made by Chanel, and it wins over scents form competitors for many reasons. Because Chanel no 5 is one of the oldest perfumes, the marketing strategy for this product has to meets expectations of the consumers. Target Market The consumer demographic segmentation for perfume business includes wealthy individuals mainly woman in their late thirties and older. Perfumes tend to cost much more than any other fragrances. Therefore, not everyone can afford it. The customer driven, and increase in perfumes market is affected by demographic lifestyle. Some people use perfumes for special occasions and others wear it regularly...
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...Veblen good A commodity is a Veblen good if people's preference for buying it increases as a direct function of its price. The definition does not require that any Veblen goods actually exist. However, it is claimed that some types of high-status goods, such as expensive wines or perfumes are Veblen goods, in that decreasing their prices decreases people's preference for buying them because they are no longer perceived as exclusive or high status products. The Veblen effect is named after the economist Thorstein Veblen, who invented the concepts of conspicuous consumption and status-seeking. The Veblen effect is one of a family of theoretically possible anomalies in the general theory of demand in microeconomics. Other related effects are: the snob effect: preference for a good decreases as the number of people buying it increases, and the bandwagon effect: preference for a good increases as the number of people buying it increases; Note that none of these effects in itself predicts what will happen to actual quantity demanded for the good (the number of units purchased) as price changes - they refer only to preferences or propensities to purchase. The actual effect on demand will depend on the range of other goods available, their prices, and their substitutabilities for the goods concerned. The effects are anomalies within demand theory because the theory normally assumes that preferences are independent of price or the number of units being sold. They...
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...Learning (iJAC), Vol 3, No 4 (2010) • Home • About • Log In • Register • Search • Current • Archives Home > Vol 3, No 4 (2010) > Atici Font Size: [pic] [pic] [pic] Impulse Purchasing Behaviors of the Turkish Consumers in Websites as a Dynamic Consumer Model: Technology Products Example Bünyamin Atici, Ugur Bati Abstract This paper examines the concept of impulse purchasing behavior online basically. The phenomenon of impulse purchasing has been researched in consumer research as well as for example in psychology and economics since the 1950s. A detailed review and analysis of the literature asserts that there are some unsolved issues regarding the state of knowledge on impulse purchasing behavior. Furthermore, nowadays consumers buy an increasing amount of purchases on the Internet. The current conceptualizations of impulse purchase behavior do not adequately capture impulse purchase behavior over the Internet. Today several researchers have claimed that the phenomenon of impulse purchasing should be examined also in the context of online shopping environment. This article aims to reveal that what attitudes of the customers are the points in question while purchasing on internet in terms of impulse buying. The results of our exploratory research are consistent with our conceptualization, and present a strong base for future research. Full Text: PDF [pic] International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning. ISSN: 1867-5565 ...
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...TIME CONTEXT 1886 -The company was founded in America, by David McConnell. 1896 - The first brochures were printed which improved Representatives’ opportunities by allowing them to showcase more products than they could carry in their sample cases. 1945 - The company launched one of the most memorable advertising campaigns of all time with the “Ding Dong Avon Calling” commercials. 1946 - With sales of $17.2 million and profit rising to more than $1 million, Avon became a publicly-traded company. 1959 - Avon launched operations in Western Europe, in the United Kingdom and Western Germany. 1969 - Avon entered Japan, expanding its operations to the Asia Pacific market. 2005 - Avon invested $100 million to build a new cutting-edge Global Research and Development Center in Suffern, NY, furthering the company’s commitment to stay at the forefront of the beauty marketplace, bringing leading-edge, technology-based products to women around the world. 2007 - Avon launched the Hello Tomorrow Campaign, a global marketing campaign that encompasses product and representative recruitment advertising; and the Hello Tomorrow Fund, which empowers women and improves society by providing individuals with cash awards that will allow them to pursue a project or initiative to better the lives of women of all ages. 2009 – Avon grew to 6.2 million Active Representative, as women worldwide recognized Avon could be the answer to a challenging global economic environment. ...
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...study the growth of cosmetics industry in India. Women cosmetics market growth on a period of time along with a strong increase in male cosmetics market. Cosmetic brands promotions and advertisements in attracting customers. Consumer behavior in accordance with the utility drawn from the usage. Medicinal & Herbal/Ayurvedic Cosmetics market & Fake cosmetic industry in India. Methodology : A sample survey conducted on UG and PG students regarding their cosmetic usage and benefits they are drawing from them along with a small research on cosmetic stores in different areas to know about the use of cosmetics by the local households also. Survey was conducted by personal interview and using questionnaire also. Findings : The survey portrays the utility of cosmetics usage by students which is varying according to the age groups where as the research on stores at different places reflected different results. From the study it is found that with the growth of women cosmetic market, Men’s grooming product market is also growing rapidly. Consumers are more concerned about herbal and natural cosmetics. With the rise in fake cosmetics market, a lot of people face trouble in recognizing the real products and end up buying fraud ones. Since the consumer buying behavior is the important factor to forecast the sales of any product in a particular area.So company should keep close eye on the market situation. yet, customer were price sensitive, but the changing market trend and customer view and preference...
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