...Maurits Cornelius Escher was a Dutch artist born in 1898. He attended Haarlem's School for Architectural and Decorative Arts where he took up graphic art. During the early 1920’s, Escher traveled throughout the Mediterranean where he met and later married Jetta Umiker. Over the course of his life, he made 448 lithographs, woodcuts, and wood engravings, as well as over 2,000 drawings and sketches. M.C. Escher died on March 27th, 1972 in the Netherlands. After his death, his work continued to be popular and its mathematical implications were explored. M.C. Escher is best known for his “impossible constructions”, drawings that could not exist in a three-dimensional form. Some examples of his impossible constructions are Relativity, Reptiles, and Ascending and Descending. His work is appreciated by mathematicians because of the immense research, precision, and logic that went into them embrace his works. The “impossible constructions” especially appreciated because of their accuracy and the attention to detail M.C. Escher used while creating them. M.C. Escher used math in his art by researching geometry before creating his art to insure that it was as accurate as possible. By using geometric principals, he was able to create art that looked both accurate and impossible. He used math to create perfect proportions and a sense of reality in his art that would have been impossible to achieve without it. Geometry allowed him to be realistic and creative at the same time and...
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...M.C. Escher explored and displayed a wide range of mathematical ideas. While in school Escher’s family had the hope of him fallowing in his fathers footsteps of architecture. Escher did not do well in school but he did have the talent for drawing and design. Maurits Cornelis Escher studied at the Architecture and Decorative Arts located in Haarlem, Netherlands. From here he was able to develop an interest in graphics and worked in woodcut. He spent many years traveling throughout Europe sketching the surroundings. He was not known until he was featured in Time magazine. From then on he created a reputation. Many of his admirers happened to be mathematicians. The mathematicians found his work to be extraordinary visualization of mathematical...
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...(a) First, determine the Queuing Models 1. Queuing Models Poisson Arrivals Standard (Infinite Queue) Exponential Service Times Single Server (M/M/1) Standard M/M/1 Model P0 = 1 – P (Probability of 0 customer in the system) P (n ≧k ) = ρk (Probability of Pn = P0ρn (Probability of exactly n customers in the system) Ls = λ / ( μ – λ ) (Mean no. of customers in the system) Lq = ρλ / ( μ – λ ) (Mean no. of customers in queue) Lb = λ / ( μ – λ ) (Mean no. of customers in queue for a busy system) Ws = 1 / ( μ – λ ) (Mean time customer spends in the system) Wq = ρ / ( μ – λ ) (Mean time customers spends in the queue) Wb = 1 / ( μ – λ ) (Mean time customers spends in queue for a busy system) Now, in our case, Λ (mean arrival rate) = 15/hr μ (mean service rate per busy server) Old machine’s mean service time= 3mins, 60/3 =20/hr New machine’s mean service time= 2mins, 60/2=30/hr Wq =ρ/ ( μ – λ ) (Mean time customers spends in the queue), Where ρ = λ / μ Old machine: (15/20)/ 20-15 = 0.1 hr = 9mins New machine: (15/30)/ 30-15= 0.03333 hr = 2mins According to the case, the average wage of the people who bring the documents to be copied is $8/hr, If the company rent the old machine and there are 15 arrivals/hr, There total mean time spend in the queue is ( 15 x 9 )mins = 135mins = 2.25hr, The total wage = $8 x 2.25 = $18 If the company rent the new machine and there are 15 arrivals/hr, The total mean time...
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...Horses and Birds M . C. Escher 1949 Horses and birds is a woodcut print by M. C. Escher done in 1949. Mr Escher was born in 1898 in Leeuwarden in the Netherlands. He did not consider himself an artist but a graphic designer. Woodcut is a technique where an image is carved onto a block of wood. The raised surfaces are the printing areas. The surface area is covered with ink using a special roller, so that no ink goes into the recessed sections. This piece of art as the name suggests is about horses and birds. The black birds interlock with the white horses in a symmetrical pattern involving four horses and four birds. The horse at the top of the print, along with the bird at the bottom almost disappear into the background and depending on your focus as to whether your eyesight picks them up, although the top white horse and the bottom black bird have the background showing through them and are the only ones to do so. The line of the print mostly point in an upwards direction, especially on the black birds wings which along with the textural effect give the notion of flight. There are also textured areas up the top of the print shaped to give the impression of a setting or rising sun in the background. The tone of the image is contrasting between black and white. The darker toned areas fall predominantly towards the bottom of the print with the lighter areas up the top. This effect helps create the sky and the ground. The black and white speckling effect in the centre of...
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...a term used for the tiling a surface without gaps or overlaps? The term is Tessellation. The Math Forum states that “ a tessellation is created when a shape is repeated over and over again covering a plane without any gaps or overlaps” (“What is a Tessellation?”, n.d) Early cultures used tessellations to cover the floors and ceilings of buildings, many of its artistic elements can be found in many early cultures (Hoopes-Myers, 2010). Tessellations are also found in the nature. A perfect example of nature’s tessellation is the honeycomb of the honeybee; there are no gaps or overlaps in its hexagonal shapes. In Ireland, a volcanic episode created tessellations in the landscape of The Giant’s Causeway (“Giant’s Causeway” n.d.). Artists like M. C Escher use tessellations to create fascinating works of art. In his works Escher concentrated on tessellations and repeated forms. Mathematicians and scientists embraced Escher’s works because they involved the concepts of “geometry, logic, space and infinity” (M.C. Escher Biography, n.d.). One doesn’t have to be a mathematician to tessellate but knowing...
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...M. C. Escher, one of the 20th century leading artists, is best-known with his impressive optical illusions. Especially in “Impossible constructions” collection, he did excellent works in playing various visual tricks on those artworks that profoundly confuse the observers at the first sign. The piece of art “ Relativy” depicts an unrealistic interior space with the stairs that never go the same way, the floors, doors and balconies are put on every sides of the rooms in this view. There are also a number of people climbing up and down the stairs and assign “up” or “down” direction in a complicated and strange way, thus completely confuse our visual analysis. However, if the people in motion is supposed to be invisible in the picture, the structure, especially the stairs system seems to be visually possible and at least overall perspective cannot look occur, even though the positions of other furniture pieces may not make logical sense. Therefore, it is effortless for grouping structural elements which are of the same shade and well-connected and well-defined in mass and form. Otherwise, when the number of people moving is involved in the perspective, it can be seen that their shade visually matching with the construction as well as the visual tricks occur to make the picture look ambiguous itself. This is because that three out of four main stairs seem to allow people to climb on both top and bottom, reach and stand on every interior sides of the building, and most of...
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...PESTLE Analysis on the Advertising Agency Saatchi & Saatchi London Political | * Governmental pressure about advertising about dangerous products * Stable political environment in the UK guarantee a safe business in the UK – recent election gave another 4 years of stable planning. Even a change of government wouldn’t affect the business to much * UKs point on the European Union and the upcoming referendum might affect Saatchi & Saatchi in the future though. Due to the international business it might get very difficult to sustain the current structure since business will become much more difficult if the UK leaves the EU | Economic | * Since Saatchi operates on a pan-European level the economic situation in Europe affects Saatchi despite being based in the UK * Lower economic growth in parts of Europe (Italy, Greece, France) affect their clients and therefore the business of Saatchi. This will affect the hire of new employees in London as well as in the country offices. Headcount needs to be reviewed strongly and needs to be adjusted, based on the future developments. Freelancers vs full time hires need to be considered * Good economic situation in the UK means that lots of companies hire which means high competition will affect the hire and HR process. Therefore less people are available. Benefit competition will affect financials. Recruitment process needs to be reviewed and adapted * Taxes increasing * Ads prices are increasing * Raw material`s...
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...M.C. Escher also known as Maurits Cornelis Escher lived from 1898 to 1972. During his lifetime he made over 2000 drawings and sketches and 448 lithographs, woodcuts and engravings. He is most famous for his Transformation Prints, such as Metamorphosis I, Metamorphosis II and Metamorphosis III, Sky & Water I or Reptiles as well as his so-called impossible constructions, such as Ascending and Descending and Relativity,. Escher was also left-handed just like Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci. Escher illustrated books, designed tapestry, postage stamps, and murals and was a graphic artist. He was born in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands. He was the last and youngest child of a civil engineer. After Five years the family moved to Arnhem. At a young age, Escher did poorly at school, even during his enrollment at the School of Architecture and Decorative Arts in Haarlem, Netherlands. He first studied architecture but failed many of the subjects. He then switched to the decorative arts where he studied under Samuel Jessurun de Mesquita. It was then that Escher began with his experience in drawing and making woodcuts. .After school, he traveled through italy, where he meet his wife Jetta Umiker. In 1924 Escher married Jetta Umiker, and the couple settled in Rome to raise a family. Cornelius and his wife Jetta had three children; George, Arthur and Jan. (When George was christened, Mussolini and King Emmanuel came.) They resided in Italy until 1935, when growing political turmoil forced them...
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...Researching a Work of Art: Gathering the Basics Use this paper as a guide in the analysis of each of your works of art. You may want to make two copies of this sheet – one for each work. Artist: Maurits Cornelis Escher Year born/year died: 1898-1972 Influences? Architecture, perspective and impossible spaces Style associated with this artist: lithographs wood cuts, wood engravings and general drawing and sketching Title of work: SKY AND WATER Background info on work: Critical Analysis of the Work: Line: The piece SKY AND WATER uses directional implied lines to show the direction of travel of the fish and birds in the artwork. It also uses hard lines that transcend into soft lines on different levels of the artwork. Edge lines are also used to create the image of a phenomenon referred to as figure ground reversal. Shape/Form: The artwork SKY AND WATER has the geometric shape of a diamond for the general content of the work. The artwork also has organic shapes in the form of fish and geese making up the content inside of the diamond shape. Color: The color is neutral in that a flat black and white are used.but due to the thought that black and white are actually not colors one would assume it had no color. Value: Texture: The texture of SKY AND WATER seems as though it would be rough considering it is a wood carving Space: There isn’t much space or depth represented in SKY AND WATER other than the border hashing overlapping the fish...
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...Justin Douglass Mc Escher Maurits Cornelis (M.C.) Escher was born on June 17, 1898, in the Dutch province of Friesland. His parents, George Arnold Escher and Sarah Gleichman Escher, had three sons of which Maurits (called Mauk for short) was the youngest. His father, George, was a civil engineer. The Escher family was living in Leeuwarden in 1898, where George served as Chief Engineer for a government bureau. The family lived in a grand house named "Princessehof," which would later become a museum and host exhibitions of M.C. Escher's works. Young M.C. Escher moved with his family to Arnhem. He attended elementary and secondary school there, and also in the seaside town of Zandvoort, where he lived for a while to improve his health. In 1907, he started learning carpentry and piano. In secondary school, his marks were poor except in drawing. His art teacher took and interest in his drawing talent, and taught him to make linocuts. He failed his final exam and thus never officially graduated. In 1913, M.C. Escher met his lifelong friend Bas Kist in religious school (which he attended at his parent's direction, even though he wasn't very religious). Kist was also interested in printing techniques, and may have encouraged M.C. to make his first linoleum cut works. Amoung these early works is a portrait of his father which is the oldest surviving work by the artist. In 1917, the two friends visited the artist Gert Stegeman, who had a printing press in his...
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...At Hale, Lancashire1860 - 1870 DetailsWilliam Davis | Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool At Hale, Lancashire1860 - 1870 DetailsWilliam Davis | Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool At Hale, Lancashire1860 - 1870 DetailsWilliam Davis | Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool The M.C. Escher Company B.V. The M.C. Escher Company B.V. is the worldwide, exclusive representative of the M.C. Escher Copyrights. In this capacity The M.C. Escher Company oversees the use of works by M.C. Escher, either commercially or in publications. The M.C. Escher Company also holds all copyrights to M.C. Escher's spoken and written words and is owner of the Registered Trademark M.C. Escher® The M.C. Escher Company B.V. P.O.Box 101 3740 AC Baarn the Netherlands Tel: + 31-(0)35-541.80.41 Fax: +31-(035)-541.17.66 Email: info@mcescher.com Frequently Asked Questions Can I reproduce the work of M.C. Escher in a book that I am writing or on a website or in an advertisement? The M.C. Escher Company B.V. owns the copyright to all of M.C. Escher's work and his spoken and written texts. Copyright laws protect all of the work by M.C. Escher and permission is needed to use his work. For more information, please visit our Licensing & Copyright. Where can I see original work by M.C. Escher? There are various museums all over the world that own original prints by M.C. Escher, although they are not frequently displayed due to the fact that they are vulnerable to light. At times, there are travelling exhibitions . If...
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...The Running Man Research task: 1. Use the library non- fiction collection or the internet to find examples of early Colonial art. Are the depictions of people, animals and the landscape accurate? If not, why do you think this is so? In many of the examples of early Colonial art the depictions of the people, animals and landscape were not truly accurate. An example of this is the landscape is often depicted looking green and lush with rolling hills and valleys similar to an English landscape. As most of these examples of art were intended for the English or European market and were often used in published accounts of voyages of discovery it was depicted to not look harsh and unforgiving but filled with exotic looking natives and beautiful wild flowers. 2. Raising silkworms: Silkworms go through four stages of development, as do most insects: egg, larva, pupa and adult. The adult (imago) stage is the silkworm moth. The larva is the silkworm caterpillar. Since the silkworm grows so much, it must shed its skin four times while it is growing. Silkworm Life Cycle How is silk made? : When the silkworm forms a covering around itself by producing a protein through its head, this is called the cocoon stage. This is the most desirable stage for the silk producers. It is at this time that the cocoons are delivered to the factory by the farmer. These factories are called filature operations. Once the cocoons reach the filature operations they are sorted by colour, size, shape...
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...In In the Matter of C.M., C.M. and his friends were walking through a public housing project when they came across some rival gang member "tagging" the walls. C.M. and one of the other gang member (Garcia) had been involved in an incident a couple of weeks prior. When C.M. asked Garcia why they were tagging the walls, Garcia attacked C.M. C.M. pulled out a gun and shot and killed Garcia. A court-ordered psychological and diagnostic study determined that C.M. knew what he had done and what the consequences were for his behavior. Therefore, the investigation recommended that C.M. be tried in the juvenile system and afforded rehabilitation treatment. The trial court did not accept the psychologist recommendation to retain C.M. in the juvenile...
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...After all the violence in schools that the country has suffered through recently, the biggest concern for everyone is how to be safe. I think that allowing teachers to have guns in classrooms will provide the comfort students need in school. Although most argue that only professional school public safety officials should carry concealed weapons, I believe that allowing teachers to carry guns will protect the students. Students will feel safe because if an intruder was to enter the school, almost every classroom would be armed, not just the one security officer in the other wing of the building. With that being said, I do not think that teachers should just be handed a class roster, name tag, and a gun on the first day of school. Instead, they should be psychologically analyzed, trained, and tested before handling the gun. If a teacher fails to meet the requirements needed to obtain the gun, the board could simply not let that specific teacher have one or replace him with someone who can meet the requirements. It will also be best if the gun is locked in a secret compartment that is student-proof but also easily accessible in case of emergency. To ensure extra security, an alarm could go off anytime a teacher opens the compartment that holds the gun so that everyone else in the school knows there is danger and can put their classrooms under lockdown. Allowing only security officers to carry weapons is what we’ve been doing in the past and read any newspaper to see how well that...
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...INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... The following is a critical comparison of the design firm’s M&C Saatchi and McCAN Australia. I have chosen these two firms as they are both from the advertising sector. I will be comparing the following: - Sector - Size of the firm - Awards and industry recognition - Campaigns and clients - Conception of design - Creative process methods SECTOR ..................................................................................................................................... Both McCann and M&C Saatchi are in the advertising sector. ‘During the last decade there have been substantial changes and developments in the global advertising industry’ [1] and within that time both McCann and M&C Saatchi have emerged as leaders in the industry of advertising in Australia. M&C Saatchi Sydney has become one of Australia’s largest and most successful marketing agencies, a global marketing services business working across a wide variety of industry sectors. It is made up of more than 360 staff, seven companies, two offices (Sydney and Melbourne) and a client roster laden with iconic brands. M&C Saatchi abides by it’s founding philosophy, ‘Brutal simplicity of thought’ in order to create effective advertising for many brands including google, ANZ, Westfield, and many more. On the other hand McCann Australia opened in...
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